scholarly journals Praziquantel in the cerebrospinal fluid in neurocysticercosis

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spina-França ◽  
L. R. Machado ◽  
J. P. S. Nobrega ◽  
J. A. Livramento ◽  
H. W. Diekmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Interaction Factors ◽  
Free Serum ◽  
Total Daily Dosage ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Daily Total

In 10 patients with neurocysticercosis (NC), an assessment was made of the praziquantel (PZQ) concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in non-deproteinized serum and in protein-free serum: before administration of the drug and the 1st., 7th. and 21st. days of oral administration (50mg/kg/day during 21 days). Samples of CSF and blood were collected three hours after the last administration of the daily total dosage, on the 1st. and 21st days; and from 2 to 6 hours after drug administration on the 7th. day. The total daily dosage was distributed into three equal parts of 1/3 each, with a 4 hours' interval between intakes, except in the last 5 cases, who on the 21st. day only were given the total daily dosage on a single administration. Results have shown dispersion in serum concentrations, which are similar to those seen in normal subjects as recorded in literature. There is a correlation between PZQ levels in the CSF and in the serum, the latter being very close to those found in protein-free serum fraction. The statistical treatment of results allowed the following considerations: PZQ concentrations in the CSF and in the protein free serum are in balance from the pharmacodynamic standpoint on the first day; this balance is maintained up to the 21st. day although at different levels from those seen on the 7th. day; on the 21st. day PZQ contents in CSF goes back to its similar values as recorded on the 1st. day, and this suggests that the participation of drug interaction factors has been reduced to non-significant levels. However, several factors can influence PZQ concentration in CSF, as absorption rate, liver first-pass effect and blood-brain barrier changes, and individual dose should be established for each patient based on drug concentration monitoring in the serum and/or in the CSF.

scholarly journals Association of cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 with A2M gene in cognitively normal subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Millard ◽  
Franziska Lutz ◽  
Ge Li ◽  
Douglas R. Galasko ◽  
Martin R. Farlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects

Sequential Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Sampling in Humans: 24-Hour Melatonin Measurements in Normal Subjects and after Peripheral Sympathectomy

1991 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY BRUCE ◽  
LAWRENCE TAMARKIN ◽  
CHARLES RIEDEL ◽  
SANFORD MARKEY ◽  
EDWARD OLDFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Normal Subjects

Kanamycin and Gentamicin Treatment of Neonatal Sepsis and Meningitis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-699
Author(s):  
Margan J. Chang ◽  
Marilyn Escobedo ◽  
Donald C. Anderson ◽  
Laura Hillman ◽  
Ralph D. Feigin
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Gentamicin Treatment ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Mortality from neonatal meningitis due to gram-negative microorganisms remains 50% despite use of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Blood was obtained on 238 occasions from 77 neonates with putative or documented sepsis; paired blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained on 14 occasions from ten neonates with meningitis. Kanamycin and gentamicin were measured by a radioisotopic assay procedure. Kanamycin was administered at 15 mg/kg/day in three divided doses intravenously; serum concentrations peaked at one hour (mean, 7.77µg/ml). Gentamicin was administered at 7.5 mg/kg/day in three divided doses intravenously; serum concentrations peaked at two hours (mean, 5.34µg/ml). Both aminoglycosides generally were nondetectable within the CSF; survival of neonates with gram-negative meningitis correlated specifically with the sensitivity of their isolates to ampicillin which was administered concurrently. This study suggests that alternative approaches to the treatment of neonatal sepsis should be explored; administration of an antibiotic which crosses the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier more readily should be considered.

Autotaxin and soluble IL-2 receptor concentrations in cerebrospinal fluids are useful for the diagnosis of central nervous system invasion caused by haematological malignancies

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Shimura ◽  
Makoto Kurano ◽  
Yoshifumi Morita ◽  
Naoyuki Yoshikawa ◽  
Masako Nishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Receptor Concentration ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Invasion ◽  
Strong Ability

Background Invasion of the central nervous system by haematological malignancies is diagnosed by cytological analyses of cerebrospinal fluid or diagnostic imaging, while quantitative biomarkers for central nervous system invasion are not available and needed to be developed. Methods In this study, we measured the concentrations of autotaxin and soluble IL-2 receptor in cerebrospinal fluid and evaluated their usefulness as biomarkers for central nervous system invasion. Results We observed that both the autotaxin and soluble IL-2 receptor concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid were higher in subjects with central nervous system invasion than in those without, and the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were independent from the serum concentrations of these biomarkers. ROC analyses revealed that the soluble IL-2 receptor concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was a strong discriminator of central nervous system invasion in subjects with haematological malignancies, while the autotaxin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid also had a strong ability to discriminate central nervous system invasion when the subjects were limited to those with lymphoma. The combined measurement of autotaxin and soluble IL-2 receptor in cerebrospinal fluid improved the sensitivity without notably reducing the specificity for central nervous system invasion in subjects with lymphoma when central nervous system invasion was diagnosed in cases where either value was beyond the respective cut-off value. Conclusion These results suggest the possible usefulness of soluble IL-2 receptor and autotaxin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of central nervous system invasion.

scholarly journals The diagnosis of metachromatic leucodystrophy during life: metachromatic lipids in saliva and cerebrospinal fluid sediments and in the parotid glands

1964 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio M. Canelas ◽  
Ovidio D. Escalante ◽  
Kiyoshi Iriya ◽  
Francisco B. De Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Metachromatic Leucodystrophy ◽  
Acid Blue ◽  
Positive Results

The authors report the study of saliva sediment in 4 cases of juvenile metachromatic leucodystrophy belonging to the same family (and else in a sister of one of these cases presenting the characteristic neurological picture but with no metachromasia demonstrable by the Austin test in urine or by biopsies), in 6 normal relatives of the patients with Scholz disease, in 9 cases of various diseases of the nervous system, and in 10 normal subjects. The presence of metachromatic bodies staining in a pinkish red colour with acid blue toluidine dye was demonstrated in the saliva sediment of the 4 cases of metachromatic leucodystrophy. In 2 of these patients biopsies of the parotid gland, stained with cresyl violet dye, showed the presence of intracellular brownish metachromatic bodies. In these 2 cases the study of cerebrospinal fluid sediment also disclosed the presence of metachromatic bodies. Furthermore, a chromatographic qualitative test for metachromatic lipids yielded positive results in saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine sediments. The conclusion was drawn that the search for metachromatic bodies in cerebrospinal fluid and mainly in saliva sediment may be of help in disclosing or ratifying the diagnosis of metachromatic leucodystrophy during life.

The molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects ? effect of aging

1991 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sirvi� ◽  
Z. Rakonczay ◽  
P. Hartikainen ◽  
P. Kasa ◽  
P. J. Riekkinen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Molecular Forms

EFFECTS OF CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE ON THYROID HORMONE METABOLISM

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Finucane ◽  
R. S. Griffiths ◽  
E. G. Black ◽  
C. L. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Urine Concentrations

ABSTRACT Serum concentrations of total and free thyroxine and triiodothyronine together with urine losses of unconjugated thyroid hormones have been measured in normal subjects and in patients with renal disease. Serum total hormone values in the hypothyroid range were common in the renal group and correlated inversely with the degree of renal impairment but not with renal loss of hormone which in the case of thyroxine exceeded the average normal daily loss ten-fold. The euthyroid state of patients with renal disease was best reflected by serum free thyroxine concentration which in every case was within the normal range. Poor correlation was apparent between the respective urine concentrations of albumin and thyroxine, and the reasons for this are discussed.

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