scholarly journals Validity and reliability of the screening test for Alzheimer's disease with proverbs (STADP) for the elderly

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3b) ◽  
pp. 836-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricéa Tabosa Ferreira Santos ◽  
Everton Botelho Sougey ◽  
João Carlos Alchieri
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Early Evaluation

The prevalence Alzheimer's disease with age compromises memory, language, executive functions, constructive praxis and abstraction, requiring early evaluation with standardized tests. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Screening Test for Alzheimer's Disease with Proverbs (STADP), elaborated using pieces from the proverb memory game. METHOD: The test contains three stages (A: short-term memory, B: executive functions and language and C: episodic memory). The sample consisted of 91 elderly individuals with minimum age of 60 years and one year of schooling, CDR of one or zero, cared for at specialized services of UFPE, HGA and private institutions. Sociodemographic data, habits and health perception were assessed. Among the tests used were MMSE (convergent validity) and GDS (discriminating). RESULTS: A good correlation with standardized test was found, acceptable internal consistency (0.71), cutoff point for schooling of 6.49 (low) (80% and 77.8%) and 8.66 (high) (84.6% and 86.1%); Kappa coefficient of 1 (p=0.000) inter-rater consistency. CONCLUSION: STADP is a valid test for screening Alzheimer's disease.

scholarly journals ERP C250 shows the elderly (cognitively normal, Alzheimer’s disease) store more stimuli in short-term memory than Young Adults do

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 2423-2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Chapman ◽  
Margaret N. Gardner ◽  
Mark Mapstone ◽  
Rafael Klorman ◽  
Anton P. Porsteinsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Term Memory

Validation of a French Version of an Informant-Based Questionnaire as a Screening Test for Alzheimer's Disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Law ◽  
Christina Wolfson
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
French Version ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Elderly Living

BackgroundDevelopment of informant-based screening tests for dementia is an emerging field. The reliability and validity of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), an instrument that screens for dementia in general, have been established. We conducted a study to validate a French version of the IQCODE as a screening test for Alzheimer's dementia in the elderly living in the community.MethodIn the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, subjects were screened in their own homes using the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3-MS). Those who screened positive, along with a sample of subjects who screened negative, were referred for a complete clinical examination. In Quebec, an informant was asked to complete the French version, IQCODE (F), at that time. Based on the final clinical diagnoses, performances of the IQCODE (F) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, converted from 3-MS) in screening for Alzheimer's disease were evaluated.ResultsOf the 237 subjects, the mean IQCODE (F) score was 3.4 (s.d. = 0.6), on a 5-point scale (1 = improvement in condition over the past 10 years, 5 = marked deterioration, 3 = no change). The mean MMSE score was 23.1 (s.d. = 4.5). The scores on the two scales were correlated (r = –0.44, P < 0.001). The IQCODE (F) scores were unrelated to education (r = –0.07, P > 0.3) in contrast to the MMSE scores (r = 0.28, P < 0.001). With respect to a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease, the IQCODE (F) (cut-off point 3.6) had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 95.6%. The sensitivity and specificity of the MMSE (cut-off point 23) were 70% and 82.3% respectively.ConclusionThe findings of the IQCODE (F) are consistent with those of the English version in correlation with the MMSE and apparent freedom from educational bias. The IQCODE is superior to the MMSE as a screening test for probable Alzheimer's disease in the elderly living in the community. It may be a useful addition to the screening tests already available, especially for the less well educated.

Alzheimer’s Disease

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
Degenerative Dementia ◽  
Proper Diagnosis

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive degenerative dementia, causes suffering for millions of patients as well as their caregivers. Among the elderly, the prevalence of AD increases dramatically with age: it is about 5% to 7% in people 65 years of age and older and rises to 40% to 50% in those older than 90 years of age (Rabins, Lyketsos, and Steele, 1999). AD typically affects short-term memory first; over time, impairment in language, praxis, recognition, and executive function occur. In the late stages, patients become completely dependent on others. In addition to this cognitive and physical burden, psychiatric signs and symptoms are nearly universal. These psychiatric phenomena, which include depression, delusions, hallucinations, apathy, and aggression, affect as many as 90% of patients with dementia over the course of their illness (Steinberg et al., 2003). Psychiatric phenomena often present differently in patients with AD than in the population without dementia. Uncertainty remains regarding how to best classify many of these phenomena. For example, delusions can be described as occurring in isolation, or as part of a psychotic syndrome, with associated features such as irritability and agitation. Delusions can also occur as part of a depressive syndrome or delirium. Little research is currently available to guide treatment. Nevertheless, many syndromes can be accurately diagnosed and can respond to a variety of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments. Depressive phenomena are common in AD. Estimates for the prevalence of major depression in patients with AD are 20% to 25%, (Lyketsos et al., 2003). Due to their dementia, patients with AD are often poor historians. They may not be aware of Depressive phenomena or able to recall them, and their aphasia may make describing symptoms difficult. Therefore, information from a reliable caregiver is crucial for making a proper diagnosis. Depressive disorders in AD are often somewhat different from those occurring in the absence of dementia. In particular, patients with AD may not endorse hopelessness, suicidal thoughts, or worthlessness (Zubenko et al., 2003). Patients with AD, however, express symptoms such as anxiety, anhedonia, irritability, lack of motivation, and agitation (Rosenberg et al., 2005).

scholarly journals Preliminary data on a mnemonic instrument with proverbs for tracking Alzheimer's disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricéa Tabósa Ferreira Santos ◽  
Gutemberg Guerra ◽  
Terce Liana de Menezes ◽  
Tatiana Lins Carvalho ◽  
João Carlos Alchieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
One Year ◽  
State Examination

Abstract In the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal aging, tests evaluating memory and executive functions are frequently used. The addition of abstraction tests may enhance the effectiveness of screening tests for AD. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare initial data of a new instrument - The Screening Test for Alzheimer's Disease with Proverbs (STADP) - against other screening tests used in AD diagnosis. Methods: Sixty elderly individuals (46 controls and 14 AD subjects with CDR=1), aged ³60 years, with at least one year of schooling, were evaluated using the STADP at outpatient clinic. The STADP assesses short-term memory, episodic memory, executive functions and language, in addition to proverb recognition. The performance of the participants on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), semantic Verbal Fluency (VF) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT) were evaluated and the habit of reading, writing and sociodemographic data were also taken into account. Results: There were significant correlations between STADP and the performance on the MMSE (r=0.64), CDT (r=0.50) and VF (r=0.56). Age influenced all sub-items of the STADP, specifically episodic memory (r= -0.54), whereas schooling mainly influenced executive functions and language (r=0.46). The total score, stages A and C and the "proverb recognition" of STADP (p<0.001), as well as the MMSE (p<0.001), CDT (p=0.016), VF (p<0.001) were significantly different in AD versus control groups. Conclusions: The findings point to the potential use of the STADP in AD, warranting the conducting of further studies.

scholarly journals Utility of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) in the assessment of a sample of patients with Alzheimer's disease in Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gada Musa ◽  
Fernando Henríquez ◽  
Carlos Muñoz-Neira ◽  
Carolina Delgado ◽  
Patricia Lillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Efficiency Test ◽  
Routine Assessment

ABSTRACT The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) is an informant-based instrument that measures the presence and severity of 12 Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (NPS) in patients with dementia, as well as informant distress. Objective: To measure the psychometric properties of the NPI-Q and the prevalence of NPS in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Chile. Methods: 53 patients with AD were assessed. Subjects were divided into two different groups: mild AD (n=26) and moderate AD (n=27). Convergent validity was estimated by correlating the outcomes of the NPI-Q with Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scores and with a global cognitive efficiency test (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - Revised - ACE-R). Reliability of the NPI-Q was analysed by calculating its internal consistency. Prevalence of NPS was estimated with both the NPI and NPI-Q. Results: Positive and significant correlations were observed between the NPI-Q, the NPI, and the ACE-R (r=0.730; p<0.01 and 0.315; p<0.05 respectively). The instrument displayed an adequate level of reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.783). The most prevalent NPS were apathy/indifference (62.3%) and dysphoria/depression (58.5%). Conclusion: The NPI-Q exhibited acceptable validity and reliability indicators for patients with AD in Chile, indicating that it is a suitable instrument for the routine assessment of NPS in clinical practice.

Effect Of Nhexane Extract Of Caryota No Seed On Markers Of Neurodegeneration And Fecundity In Drosophila Melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chinonye A Maduagwuna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Chronic Neuroinflammation

Study background: Chronic neuroinflammation is a common emerging hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly and is characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions.

Molecular Genetics of Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sahab Uddin ◽  
Sharifa Hasana ◽  
Md. Farhad Hossain ◽  
Md. Siddiqul Islam ◽  
Tapan Behl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Massively Parallel Sequencing ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Ε4 Allele

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and this complex disorder is associated with environmental as well as genetic components. Early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD, more common) are major identified types of AD. The genetics of EOAD is extensively understood with three genes variants such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 leading to disease. On the other hand, some common alleles including APOE are effectively associated with LOAD identified but the genetics of LOAD is not clear to date. It has been accounted that about 5% to 10% of EOAD patients can be explained through mutations in the three familiar genes of EOAD. The APOE ε4 allele augmented the severity of EOAD risk in carriers, and APOE ε4 allele was considered as a hallmark of EOAD. A great number of EOAD patients, who are not genetically explained, indicate that it is not possible to identify disease- triggering genes yet. Although several genes have been identified through using the technology of next-generation sequencing in EOAD families including SORL1, TYROBP, and NOTCH3. A number of TYROBP variants were identified through exome sequencing in EOAD patients and these TYROBP variants may increase the pathogenesis of EOAD. The existence of ε4 allele is responsible for increasing the severity of EOAD. However, several ε4 allele carriers live into their 90s that propose the presence of other LOAD genetic as well as environmental risk factors that are not identified yet. It is urgent to find out missing genetics of EOAD and LOAD etiology to discover new potential genetics facets which will assist to understand the pathological mechanism of AD. These investigations should contribute to developing a new therapeutic candidate for alleviating, reversing and preventing AD. This article based on current knowledge represents the overview of the susceptible genes of EOAD, and LOAD. Next, we represent the probable molecular mechanism which might elucidate the genetic etiology of AD and highlight the role of massively parallel sequencing technologies for novel gene discoveries.

Easy Screening for Mild Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment from Elderly Speech

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Kato ◽  
Akira Homma ◽  
Takuto Sakuma
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients

Objective: This study presents a novel approach for early detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly. The approach incorporates the use of speech sound analysis, multivariate statistics, and data-mining techniques. We have developed a speech prosody-based cognitive impairment rating (SPCIR) that can distinguish between cognitively normal controls and elderly people with mild Alzheimer's disease (mAD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using prosodic signals extracted from elderly speech while administering a questionnaire. Two hundred and seventy-three Japanese subjects (73 males and 200 females between the ages of 65 and 96) participated in this study. The authors collected speech sounds from segments of dialogue during a revised Hasegawa's dementia scale (HDS-R) examination and talking about topics related to hometown, childhood, and school. The segments correspond to speech sounds from answers to questions regarding birthdate (T1), the name of the subject's elementary school (T2), time orientation (Q2), and repetition of three-digit numbers backward (Q6). As many prosodic features as possible were extracted from each of the speech sounds, including fundamental frequency, formant, and intensity features and mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. They were refined using principal component analysis and/or feature selection. The authors calculated an SPCIR using multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion: In addition, this study proposes a binary discrimination model of SPCIR using multivariate logistic regression and model selection with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and reports on the sensitivity and specificity of SPCIR for diagnosis (control vs. MCI/mAD). The study also reports discriminative performances well, thereby suggesting that the proposed approach might be an effective tool for screening the elderly for mAD and MCI.

scholarly journals Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow to Changes in Arterial Pressure in Mild Alzheimer's Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1883-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson R Zazulia ◽  
Tom O Videen ◽  
John C Morris ◽  
William J Powers
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Local Defect ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Before And After

Studies in transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein (APP) demonstrate impaired autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to changes in arterial pressure and suggest that cerebrovascular dysfunction may be critically important in the development of pathological Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the relevance of such a finding for guiding hypertension treatment in the elderly, we assessed autoregulation in individuals with AD. Twenty persons aged 75±6 years with very mild or mild symptomatic AD (Clinical Dementia Rating 0.5 or 1.0) underwent 15O-positron emission tomography (PET) CBF measurements before and after mean arterial pressure (MAP) was lowered from 107±13 to 92±9 mm Hg with intravenous nicardipine; 11C-PIB-PET imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were also obtained. There were no significant differences in mean CBF before and after MAP reduction in the bilateral hemispheres (−0.9±5.2 mL per 100 g per minute, P=0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI)=−3.4 to 1.5), cortical borderzones (−1.9±5.0 mL per 100 g per minute, P=0.10, 95% CI=−4.3 to 0.4), regions of T2W-MRI-defined leukoaraiosis (−0.3±4.4 mL per 100 g per minute, P=0.85, 95% CI=−3.3 to 3.9), or regions of peak 11C-PIB uptake (−2.5±7.7 mL per 100 g per minute, P=0.30, 95% CI=−7.7 to 2.7). The absence of significant change in CBF with a 10 to 15 mm Hg reduction in MAP within the normal autoregulatory range demonstrates that there is neither a generalized nor local defect of autoregulation in AD.

scholarly journals Isovitexin modulates autophagy in Alzheimer’s disease via miR-107 signalling

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 391-401
Author(s):  
Jiang Cheng ◽  
Guowei Wang ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Lina Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Autophagic Process ◽  
Molecular Signals ◽  
Ad Mouse Model ◽  
Mtor Signalling

AbstractBackground:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an ultimately fatal, degenerative brain disease in the elderly people. In the current work, we assessed the defensive capability of isovitexin (IVX) through an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD mouse model.Methods:Mice were separated into four cohorts: sham-operated control mice; STZ-intoxicated Alzheimer’s mice; IVX cohort, IVX + STZ; and Ant-107 cohort, antagomiR-107 + IVX/STZ as in the IVX cohort.Results:The outcomes indicated that IVX administration ameliorated spatial memory loss and blunted a cascade of neuro-noxious episodes – including increased amyloid-beta (Aβ) and degraded myelin basic protein burden, neuroinflammation (represented by elevated caspase-1, TNF-α and IL-6 levels) and autophagic dysfunction (represented by altered LC3-II, Atg7 and beclin-1 expressions) – via the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling axis. We considered the question of whether the epigenetic role of microRNA-107 (miR-107) has any impact on these events, by using antagomiR-107.Conclusion:This probing underscored that miR-107 could be a pivotal regulatory button in the activation of molecular signals linked with the beneficial autophagic process and anti-inflammatory activities in relation to IVX treatment. Hence, this report exemplifies that IVX could guard against Aβ toxicity and serve as an effectual treatment for patients afflicted with AD.

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