Validation of a French Version of an Informant-Based Questionnaire as a Screening Test for Alzheimer's Disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Law ◽  
Christina Wolfson
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
French Version ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Elderly Living

BackgroundDevelopment of informant-based screening tests for dementia is an emerging field. The reliability and validity of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), an instrument that screens for dementia in general, have been established. We conducted a study to validate a French version of the IQCODE as a screening test for Alzheimer's dementia in the elderly living in the community.MethodIn the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, subjects were screened in their own homes using the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3-MS). Those who screened positive, along with a sample of subjects who screened negative, were referred for a complete clinical examination. In Quebec, an informant was asked to complete the French version, IQCODE (F), at that time. Based on the final clinical diagnoses, performances of the IQCODE (F) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, converted from 3-MS) in screening for Alzheimer's disease were evaluated.ResultsOf the 237 subjects, the mean IQCODE (F) score was 3.4 (s.d. = 0.6), on a 5-point scale (1 = improvement in condition over the past 10 years, 5 = marked deterioration, 3 = no change). The mean MMSE score was 23.1 (s.d. = 4.5). The scores on the two scales were correlated (r = –0.44, P < 0.001). The IQCODE (F) scores were unrelated to education (r = –0.07, P > 0.3) in contrast to the MMSE scores (r = 0.28, P < 0.001). With respect to a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease, the IQCODE (F) (cut-off point 3.6) had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 95.6%. The sensitivity and specificity of the MMSE (cut-off point 23) were 70% and 82.3% respectively.ConclusionThe findings of the IQCODE (F) are consistent with those of the English version in correlation with the MMSE and apparent freedom from educational bias. The IQCODE is superior to the MMSE as a screening test for probable Alzheimer's disease in the elderly living in the community. It may be a useful addition to the screening tests already available, especially for the less well educated.

Performance of healthy elderly with Alzheimer's disease at an early stage in executive function and language

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 498-498
Author(s):  
M.T. Santos ◽  
G.C. Couto ◽  
J.C. Achieri ◽  
C.A. Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Impact

Dementia are increasingly prevalent in population. The most common causes of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Screening tests have been used for the premature diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease (AD), specifically in the executive functions and language, which are compromised at an initial stage. However, the necessity standardized means and validated for our middle, to show oneself a pressing subject.ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of the length of sentences in the abstraction of proverbs in the Screening Test for Alzheimer's disease with Proverbs (TRDAP), healthy elderly and with Alzheimer's disease at early stage.MethodSurvey document in the database, analyzing the responses of the elderly (abstract or concrete interpretation of proverbs), relating the length of sentences (sayings) of stage B of TRDAP with the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and the interference of age and schooling.ResultsHealthy older people showed greater capacity for abstraction than those with AD. There was Significant differences, in the sayings 1 (p = 0.033) and 2 (p = 0.001), corresponding to lower sentences, which did not occur with the proverb 3. As for age no verified significant difference among the healthy and only saying 3 in AD patients, however schooling differenced the healthy.ConclusionElderly with Alzheimer's disease at an initial stage have lower performance in the comprehension of ambiguous sentences, interpretation and abstraction of proverbs, corroborating with the data of the literature. The size of these sentences appears to be inversely proportional to the correctness of interpretation in elderly patients with and without AD.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of the screening test for Alzheimer's disease with proverbs (STADP) for the elderly

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3b) ◽  
pp. 836-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricéa Tabosa Ferreira Santos ◽  
Everton Botelho Sougey ◽  
João Carlos Alchieri
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Early Evaluation

The prevalence Alzheimer's disease with age compromises memory, language, executive functions, constructive praxis and abstraction, requiring early evaluation with standardized tests. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Screening Test for Alzheimer's Disease with Proverbs (STADP), elaborated using pieces from the proverb memory game. METHOD: The test contains three stages (A: short-term memory, B: executive functions and language and C: episodic memory). The sample consisted of 91 elderly individuals with minimum age of 60 years and one year of schooling, CDR of one or zero, cared for at specialized services of UFPE, HGA and private institutions. Sociodemographic data, habits and health perception were assessed. Among the tests used were MMSE (convergent validity) and GDS (discriminating). RESULTS: A good correlation with standardized test was found, acceptable internal consistency (0.71), cutoff point for schooling of 6.49 (low) (80% and 77.8%) and 8.66 (high) (84.6% and 86.1%); Kappa coefficient of 1 (p=0.000) inter-rater consistency. CONCLUSION: STADP is a valid test for screening Alzheimer's disease.

scholarly journals Screening properties of the German IQCODE with a two-year time frame in MCI and early Alzheimer's disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Ehrensperger ◽  
Manfred Berres ◽  
Kirsten I. Taylor ◽  
Andreas U. Monsch
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACTBackground: The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) is a widely used screening tool for dementia. We aimed to determine the ability of the German version of the 16-item IQCODE with a two-year time frame to discriminate healthy mature control participants (NC) from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable early Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (all with Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scores ≥ 24/30) and to optimize diagnostic discriminability by shortening the IQCODE.Methods: 453 NC (49.7% women, age = 69.5 years ± 8.2, education = 12.2 ± 2.9), 172 MCI patients (41.9% women, age = 71.5 years ± 8.8, education = 12.3 ± 3.1) and 208 AD patients (59.1% women, age = 76.0 years ± 6.4, education = 11.4 ± 2.9) participated. Stepwise binary logistic regression analyses (LR) were used to shorten the test. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) determined sensitivities, specificities, and correct classification rates (CCRs) for (a) NC vs. all patients; (b) NC vs. MCI; and (c) NC vs. AD patients.Results: The mean IQCODE was 3.00 for NC, 3.35 for MCI, and 3.73 for AD. CCRs were 85.5% (NC-patient group), 79.9% (NC-MCI), and 90.7% (NC-AD), respectively. The diagnostic discriminability of the shortened 7-item IQCODE (i.e. items 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14) was comparable with the longer version (i.e. 7-item CCRs: NC-patient group: 85.3%; NC-MCI: 80.1%, NC-AD: 90.5%).Conclusions: The German 16-item IQCODE with two-year time frame showed excellent screening properties for MCI and early AD patients. An abbreviated 7-item version demonstrated equally high diagnostic discriminability, thus allowing for more economical screening.

scholarly journals Depression and risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 176 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Geerlings ◽  
L. M. Bouter ◽  
R. A. Schoevers ◽  
A. T. F. Beekman ◽  
C. Jonker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Normal Cognition

BackgroundDepression may be associated with cognitive decline in elderly people with impaired cognition.AimsTo investigate whether depressed elderly people with normal cognition are at increased risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.MethodsTwo independent samples of older people with normal cognition were selected from the community-based Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL) and the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). In AMSTEL, depression was assessed by means of the Geriatric Mental State Schedule. Clinical diagnoses of incident Alzheimer's disease were made using a two-step procedure. In LASA, depression was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Cognitive decline was defined as a drop of ⩾ 3 on the Mini-Mental State Examination at follow-up.ResultsBoth in the AMSTEL and the LASA sample, depression was associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline, respectively, but only in subjects with higher levels of education.ConclusionsIn a subgroup of more highly educated elderly people, depression may be an early manifestation of Alzheimer's disease before cognitive symptoms become apparent.

scholarly journals Impact of the Severity of Alzheimer’s Disease on the Quality of Life, Activities of Daily Living, and Caregiving Costs for Institutionalized Patients on Anti-Alzheimer Medications in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Takumi Ashizawa ◽  
Ataru Igarashi ◽  
Yukinori Sakata ◽  
Mie Azuma ◽  
Kenichi Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Institutionalized Patients ◽  
The Impact

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increases societal costs and decreases the activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QoL) of the affected individuals. Objective: We assess the impact of AD severity on ADL, QoL, and caregiving costs in Japanese facilities for the elderly. Methods: Patients with AD in facilities for the elderly were included (47 facilities, N = 3,461). The QoL, ADL, and disease severity of patients were assessed using Barthel Index (BI), EuroQoL-5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. Annual caregiving costs were estimated using patients’ claims data. The patients were subcategorized into the following three groups according to the MMSE score: mild (21≤MMSE≤30), moderate (11≤MMSE≤20), and severe (0≤MMSE≤10). Changes among the three groups were evaluated using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. Results: Four hundred and one participants were on anti-AD medicines, of whom 287 (age: 86.1±6.4 years, 76.7% women) in the mild (n = 53, 84.0±6.9 years, 71.7%), moderate (n = 118, 86.6±5.9 years, 76.3%), and severe (n = 116, 86.6±6.5 years, 79.3%) groups completed the study questionnaires. The mean BI and EQ-5D-5L scores for each group were 83.6, 65.1, and 32.8 and 0.801, 0.662, and 0.436, respectively. The mean annual caregiving costs were 2.111, 2.470, and 2.809 million JPY, respectively. As AD worsened, the BI and EQ-5D-5L scores decreased and annual caregiving costs increased significantly. Conclusion: AD severity has an impact on QoL, ADL, and caregiving costs.

scholarly journals Nursing care of patients with Alzheimer’s disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Renata Nieckarz
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Holistic Nursing ◽  
State Examination

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease belongs to the group of the diseases which develop most often in the elderly period of a human life. Its beginning is usually symptomless, however, when the symptoms of dementia appear, the changes are already far-advanced. Aim of the study: The study aims at presenting the Alzheimer’s disease profile as well as the issues which arise during nursing based on the case report. Material and methods: The study was conducted according to the method of the case analysis. The research methods included interviewing the patient and her caretakers, observing the patient during her visits to the Mental Health Clinic and analysing medical records. Case description: The article presents the description of a female patient aged 78, with the disease course dated on 2008. Her mental state was assessed during initial examination and performed on the basis of the questionnaire named Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the test called Clock Drawing. The article includes the course of the disease in the patient and most common nursing and caretaking issues. Conclusions: Alzheimer’s disease evokes plenty of problems not only in a patient but their caretakers as well. A family and a nurse who take care of the patient ought to do their best to provide the patient with a holistic nursing care.

scholarly journals Probiotic Supplementation in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia - An Explorative Intervention Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1106-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Leblhuber ◽  
Kostja Steiner ◽  
Burkhard Schuetz ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs ◽  
Johanna M. Gostner
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
State Examination

Background: Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in the elderly can cause a leaky gut, which may result in silent systemic inflammation and promote neuroinflammation - a relevant pathomechanism in the early course of Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: The rebalancing of the microbiome could benefically impact on gut inflammation and immune activation. Methods: In this study, routine laboratory tests in twenty outpatients (9 females, 11 males, aged 76.7 ± 9.6 years) with Alzheimer’s disease were investigated. The mean Mini Mental State Examination score was 18.5 ± 7.7. Biomarkers of immune activation – serum neopterin and tryptophan breakdown - as well as gut inflammation markers and microbiota composition in fecal specimens were analyzed in 18 patients before and after probiotic supplementation for 4 weeks. Results: After treatment a decline of fecal zonulin concentrations and an increase in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii compared to baseline were observed. At the same time, serum kynurenine concentrations increased (p <0.05). Delta values (before - after) of neopterin and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratios (Kyn/Trp) correlated significantly (p <0.05). Conclusion: Results show that the supplementation of Alzheimer’s disease patients with a multispecies probiotic influences gut bacteria composition as well as tryptophan metabolism in serum. The correlation between Kyn/Trp and neopterin concentrations points to the activation of macrophages and/or dendritic cells. Further studies are warranted to dissect the potential consequences of Probiotic supplementation in the course of Alzheimer’s disease.

The accuracy of the Clock Drawing Test compared to that of standard screening tests for Alzheimer's disease: results from a study of Brazilian elderly with heterogeneous educational backgrounds

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Aprahamian ◽  
José Eduardo Martinelli ◽  
Anita Liberalesso Neri ◽  
Mônica Sanches Yassuda
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test

ABSTRACTBackground: Although the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is the second most used test in the world for the screening of dementia, there is still debate over its sensitivity, specificity, application and interpretation in dementia diagnosis. This study has three main aims: to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the CDT in a sample composed of older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls; to compare CDT accuracy to the that of the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG); and to test whether the association of the MMSE with the CDT leads to higher or comparable accuracy as that reported for the CAMCOG.Methods: Cross-sectional assessment was carried out for 121 AD and 99 elderly controls with heterogeneous educational levels from a geriatric outpatient clinic who completed the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorder of the Elderly (CAMDEX). The CDT was evaluated according to the Shulman, Mendez and Sunderland scales.Results: The CDT showed high sensitivity and specificity. There were significant correlations between the CDT and the MMSE (0.700–0.730; p < 0.001) and between the CDT and the CAMCOG (0.753–0.779; p < 0.001). The combination of the CDT with the MMSE improved sensitivity and specificity (SE = 89.2–90%; SP = 71.7–79.8%). Subgroup analysis indicated that for elderly people with lower education, sensitivity and specificity were both adequate and high.Conclusions: The CDT is a robust screening test when compared with the MMSE or the CAMCOG, independent of the scale used for its interpretation. The combination with the MMSE improves its performance significantly, becoming equivalent to the CAMCOG.

scholarly journals The Takeda Three Colors Combination Test: A Screening Test for Detection of Very Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Takeda ◽  
Kayo Tajime ◽  
Toshiatsu Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
Combination Test

Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is prevalent worldwide. It is expected that AD, for which aging is a risk factor, will increase in the future. Because early detection of AD has become increasingly important, promoting demand for screening tests with adequate sensitivity. In this study, we examined the usefulness of the Takeda Three Colors Combination Test (TTCC) for screening of the very mild AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).Methods. 154 senior persons participated in the research: 55 with very mild AD, 45 with aMCI, and 54 control group. The TTCC, which was a colored cards configuration memory task, was examined for sensitivity and specificity.Results. The sensitivity of the TTCC was 76% and 47% for the very mild AD and aMCI groups, and the specificity was 83%. Conducting TTCC (including instruction and evaluation) was accomplished within 2 minutes for all subjects.Conclusion. The TTCC is useful screening test for early detection of AD. Furthermore, administration time is short and requires no special training or skills. Thus, we believe the TTCC shows great potential for use as an AD screening test by a general practitioner in communities worldwide.

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