scholarly journals Factors associated to breastfeeding in the first hour of life: systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Maria Brasil Esteves ◽  
Regina Paiva Daumas ◽  
Maria Inês Couto de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Ferreira de Andrade ◽  
Iuri Costa Leite
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE To identify independent risk factors for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life.METHODS A systematic review of Medline, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases, till August 30, 2013, was performed without restrictions on language or date of publishing. Studies that used regression models and provided adjusted measures of association were included. Studies in which the regression model was not specified or those based on specific populations regarding age or the presence of morbidities were excluded.RESULTS The search resulted in 155 articles, from which 18 met the inclusion criteria. These were conducted in Asia (9), Africa (5), and South America (4), between 1999 and 2013. The prevalence of breastfeeding within the first hour of life ranged from 11.4%, in a province of Saudi Arabia, to 83.3% in Sri Lanka. Cesarean delivery was the most consistent risk factor for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life. “Low family income”, “maternal age less than 25 years”, “low maternal education”, “no prenatal visit”, “home delivery”, “no prenatal guidance on breastfeeding” and “preterm birth” were reported as risk factors in at least two studies.CONCLUSIONS Besides the hospital routines, indicators for low socioeconomic status and poor access to health services were also identified as independent risk factors for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life. Policies to promote breastfeeding, appropriate to each context, should aim to reduce inequalities in health.

scholarly journals Childhood family income, adolescent violent criminality and substance misuse: quasi-experimental total population study

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sariaslan ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Brian D'Onofrio ◽  
Niklas Långström ◽  
Paul Lichtenstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Familial Risk Factors ◽  
Family Based

BackgroundLow socioeconomic status in childhood is a well-known predictor of subsequent criminal and substance misuse behaviours but the causal mechanisms are questioned.AimsTo investigate whether childhood family income predicts subsequent violent criminality and substance misuse and whether the associations are in turn explained by unobserved familial risk factors.MethodNationwide Swedish quasi-experimental, family-based study following cohorts born 1989–1993 (ntotal = 526 167, ncousins = 262 267, nsiblings = 216 424) between the ages of 15 and 21 years.ResultsChildren of parents in the lowest income quintile experienced a seven-fold increased hazard rate (HR) of being convicted of violent criminality compared with peers in the highest quintile (HR = 6.78, 95% CI 6.23–7.38). This association was entirely accounted for by unobserved familial risk factors (HR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.44–2.03). Similar pattern of effects was found for substance misuse.ConclusionsThere were no associations between childhood family income and subsequent violent criminality and substance misuse once we had adjusted for unobserved familial risk factors.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Rachitic Genu Varus in Preschool Children in a Paediatric Health Institute in Egypt as One of the Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 412-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif N.G. Bishay ◽  
Mostafa H. A. El-Sherbini ◽  
Amre A. Azzam ◽  
Ashraf A. Lotfy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Genu Varus

Background:Rachitic genu varus is one of the common conditions among the Egyptian children, despite the shinning sun of Egypt all the year.Purpose:The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence of rachitic genu varus among the Egyptian children, and to assess the risk factors contributing to it.Patients and Methods:This prospective study recruited a total of 250 consecutive children, being 130 males and 120 females, with rachitic bow legs or genu varus, between 2 - 4 years of age, together with 250 controls of the same age group, out of a total number of 1900 children with other types of rickets, and other children's orthopaedic diseases, who presented to the National Institute of Neuromotor System in Egypt between September 2014 to September 2015. The cases and the controls were subjected to clinical, laboratory biochemical, and plain radiographic examinations. Their parents were subjected to epidemiological, maternal, and nutritional questionnaires.Results:The calculations revealed high incidence (13.1%) of rachitic genu varus. The risk factors were low socioeconomic status, insufficient family income, poor housing conditions, lack of exposure to sunlight due to cultural practices, sole breast feeding, and inadequate supplementation of vitamin D to the children and the pregnant women. Thepvalue was <0.05.Conclusion:Vitamin D deficiency rachitic genu varus is a multifactorial condition in Egypt. Raising the standard of living, level of education, housings, and dietary supplementation of vitamin D to the pregnant women and infants are the solution.

scholarly journals Risk factors for sleep problems in infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-91
Author(s):  
Hesti Lestari ◽  
Audrey Mety Iriani Wahani ◽  
Rocky Wilar ◽  
Permatami Herwansyah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Sleeping Position ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Background Sleep disorders in infants can cause developmental problems, suboptimal growth, behavioral disorders, fatigue, irritability, impulsiveness, and poor mother-infant bonding. Objective To evaluate possible risk factors for sleep disorders in infants. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy infants aged 3-6 months. Subjects were selected using proportional random sampling from four different primary healthcare facilities in Manado, North Sulawesi. Their parents completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Sleep disorder was defined as the presence of one or more conditions including sleep duration less than 9 hours at night (from 19.00 until 07.00), waking up at night (from 22.00 until 06.00) more than 3 times, and more than 1 hour waking at night. Results Of 112 subjects, 58 (51.8%) were male. Subjects’ mean age was 4.21 (SD 0.829) months and 76 (67.86%) experienced sleep disorders. Sleep disorders had significant associations with low socioeconomic status (OR 17; 95%CI 3.8 to 75.8), middle school or lower maternal education (OR 44.5; 95%CI 9.8 to 202), non-supine sleeping position (OR 8.8; 95%CI 1.9 to 39.7), parental use of electronic devices (OR 156.2; 95%CI 35.1 to 692.9), and non-exclusive breastfeeding (OR 85.2; 95%CI 21.1 to 344.2). Correlative analyses also revealed that electronic media usage had the strongest association with sleep disorders, followed by breastfeeding pattern, maternal education, socioeconomic status, and sleeping position ( 0.839, 0.771, 0.624, 0.433, and 0.309, respectively).  However, there were no significant correlations upon  multivariate analysis. Conclusion Parental use of electronic media before sleeping is the strongest risk factor for sleep disorders among infants, followed by non-exclusive breastfeeding pattern, low maternal education, low socioeconomic status, and non-supine sleeping position. However, none of these correlations were significant upon multivariate analysis, this show that all these factors influence sleep together

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS OF COVID 19 TRANSMISSION IN CHOLERA ENDEMIC COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrika Murugaiah
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Endemic Setting

COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing deaths, illnesses and economic despair. The least developed countries have limited or lack of medicine, ventilators, beds, water electricity, availability of doctors’ service for a large population and facing challenges to handle the economic fallout of the crisis. Cholera patients are more likely to reside in a slum, and this triggers worries with higher infection and spread chances if they were to be contracted with coronavirus.  Decrease maternal education and reduce family income could increase cholera risk in rural children. Low Socioeconomic status, clean water supply and limited healthcare facilities may pose risks of covid spread. Should an awareness and knowledge of covid 19 in cholera endemic setting is developed, it is the residents of poor nation that stand to benefit the most.

scholarly journals Supporting active ageing before retirement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of workplace physical activity interventions targeting older employees

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e045818
Author(s):  
Dafna Merom ◽  
Fiona Stanaway ◽  
Klaus Gebel ◽  
Joanna Sweeting ◽  
Anne Tiedemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Health And Fitness

ObjectiveWith the growing representation of older adults in the workforce, the health and fitness of older employees are critical to support active ageing policies. This systematic review aimed to characterise and evaluate the effects on physical activity (PA) and fitness outcomes of workplace PA interventions targeting older employees.DesignWe searched Medline, PreMedline, PsycInfo, CINAHL and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) for articles published from inception to 17 February 2020. Eligible studies were of any experimental design, included employees aged ≥50 years, had PA as an intervention component and reported PA-related outcomes.ResultsTitles and abstracts of 8168 records were screened, and 18 unique interventions were included (3309 participants). Twelve studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Seven interventions targeted multiple risk factors (n=1640), involving screening for cardiovascular disease risk factors, but had a non-specific description of the PA intervention. Four interventions targeted nutrition and PA (n=1127), and seven (n=235) focused only on PA. Interventions overwhelmingly targeted aerobic PA, compared with only four interventions targeting strength and/or balance (n=106). No studies involved screening for falls/injury risk, and only two interventions targeted employees of low socioeconomic status. Computation of effect sizes (ESs) was only possible in a maximum of three RCTs per outcome. ESs were medium for PA behaviour (ES=0.25 95% CI −0.07 to 0.56), muscle strength (ES=0.27, 95% CI −0.26 to 0.80), cardiorespiratory fitness (ES=0.28, 95% CI −22 to 0.78), flexibility (ES=0.50, 95% CI −0.04 to 1.05) and balance (ES=0.74, 95% CI −0.21 to 1.69). Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria-rated quality of evidence was ‘low’ due to high risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency.ConclusionsThe lack of high-quality effective workplace PA interventions contrasts the importance and urgency to improve the health and fitness in this population. Future interventions should incorporate strength and balance training and screening of falls/injury risk in multi risk factors approaches.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018084863. (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=84863).

scholarly journals P103: How knowledgeable are Canadian emergency physicians about the risk factors of completing suicide in patients presenting to the ED with suicidal thoughts?

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S102-S102
Author(s):  
J. Fernandes ◽  
A. Chakraborty ◽  
F. Scheuermeyer ◽  
S. Barbic ◽  
D. Barbic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Attending Physician ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

Introduction: Suicide is the 9th leading cause of death in Canada, and a common reason for patients to present to Canadian emergency departments (ED). Little knowledge exists around Canadian emergency physicians (EPs) knowledge about the risk factors of completing suicide in patients presenting to the ED with suicidal thoughts. Methods: We developed a web-based survey on suicide knowledge, which was pilot tested by two emergency physicians and one psychiatrist for clarity and content. The survey was distributed via email to attending physician members of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. Data were described using counts, means, medians and interquartile ranges. Results: 193 EPs responded to the survey (response rate 16%), with 42% of EPs practicing in Ontario. 35% of EPs were female, the mean age was 48 (95% CI 47.3-48.7), and mean years in practice was 17 (95% CI 16.3-17.7). Academic practice location was reported by 55% of EPs, and 81% reported access to an inpatient psychiatry service. Twenty four (12%) EPs had personally considered suicide, and 45% had experience with suicide in their personal lives. The top three risk factors for suicide identified by EPs were: intent for suicide (90%); a plan for suicide (89%); prior suicide attempt (88%). A majority of EPs were able to correctly identify the other risk factors for completion of suicide except for the following: diagnosis of anxiety disorder (25%), chronic substance use (43%), prior non-suicidal self-injury (37%), low socioeconomic status (34%). Conclusion: Canadian EPs have substantial personal experience with suicide. A majority of EPs were able to correctly identify known risk factors for suicide completion, yet important gaps in knowledge exist.

Academic Interventions for Elementary and Middle School Students With Low Socioeconomic Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Dietrichson ◽  
Martin Bøg ◽  
Trine Filges ◽  
Anne-Marie Klint Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
School Students ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Elementary And Middle School

Socioeconomic status is a major predictor of educational achievement. This systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to identify effective academic interventions for elementary and middle school students with low socioeconomic status. Included studies have used a treatment-control group design, were performed in OECD and EU countries, and measured achievement by standardized tests in mathematics or reading. The analysis included 101 studies performed during 2000 to 2014, 76% of which were randomized controlled trials. The effect sizes (ES) of many interventions indicate that it is possible to substantially improve educational achievement for the target group. Intervention components such as tutoring (ES = 0.36), feedback and progress monitoring (ES = 0.32), and cooperative learning (ES = 0.22) have average ES that are educationally important, statistically significant, and robust. There is also substantial variation in effect sizes, within and between components, which cannot be fully explained by observable study characteristics.

scholarly journals Low Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with Worse Survival in Children with Cancer: A Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e89482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Gupta ◽  
Marta Wilejto ◽  
Jason D. Pole ◽  
Astrid Guttmann ◽  
Lillian Sung
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Low Socioeconomic
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