scholarly journals RESEARCH OF ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODIES FROM RETROVIRUSES, CMV AND HBV AMONG PRISONERS OF THE PENITENTIARY COMPLEX OF THE REGION OF CAMPINAS, SP, BRAZIL

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neusa Maria OSTI ◽  
Antonio Fernando PESTANA DE CASTRO ◽  
Lucila COSTALLAT RICCI
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Antigen ◽  
Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Male Inmates ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Some viruses of the families Retroviridae, such as Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV); Herpesviridae as the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Hepadnaviridae such as the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are liable to be co-transmitted with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Since prisoners are exposed to several and important risk factors involved in the transmission of HIV and the above mentioned viruses, male inmates from the penitentiary complex of Campinas, SP, Brazil, including HIV + and HIV - ones, were examined for the presence of HTLV-I and/or II antibodies; IgG and IgM anti-CMV antibodies, and the research of the superficial hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg). The presence of anti-HTLV-I and/or II was determined by the Western Blot (WB) technique, whereas IgG and IgM anti-CMV and the search of HBsAg were carried out by the Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA-Abbott Lab).With regard to anti-HTLV-I and/or II, 58.3% (14/24-Number of positive reactions/number of sera examined) were reactive among the anti-HIV positive sera. Conversely, only 12.5% (3/24) among the HIV- negative sera showed positive reactions to HTLV-I and/or II antibodies. When looking for IgG anti-CMV percentages of 97.7% (43/44) and 95% (38/40) were obtained for anti-HIV positive and negative sera, respectively. As to IgM anti-CMV antibodies 11.36% (5/44) and 2.5% (1/40) of reactive sera were found for anti-HIV positive and negative, respectively. The HBsAg was found in 12.8% (5/39) of the sera which were anti-HIV positive.

scholarly journals Occult Hepatitis B virus infection among HIV negative and positive isolated anti-HBc individuals in eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desalegn Admassu Ayana ◽  
A. Mulu ◽  
A. Mihret ◽  
B. Seyoum ◽  
A. Aseffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractThe absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in the blood of apparently healthy individuals may not indicate the absence of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) and might be infectious. Despite the risk of HBV transmission, there has been no report from Ethiopia examining this issue; therefore, this study determined occult HBV infection (OBI) among isolated anti-HBc (IAHBc) HIV negative and HIV positive individuals on ART in eastern Ethiopia. A total of 306 IAHBc individuals were included in this study. DNA was extracted, amplified, and detected from plasma using a commercially available RealTime PCR platform (Abbott m2000rt) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Data were entered into EPI Data version 3.1, cleaned, and analyzed using Stata version 13. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate prevalence, summarize sociodemographic data and other factors. From the 306 IAHBc individuals (184 HIV positive and 122 HIV negative) included in the study, 183 (59.8%) were female of which 142 (77.6%) were within the reproductive age group. DNA extraction, amplified and detection was conducted in 224 individuals. The overall OBI prevalence was 5.8% (5.6% in HIV negative and 6% in HIV positive) among the IAHBc individuals. The HBV DNA concentration among the occult hepatitis B individuals was < 200 IU/mL, indicating a true occult. This study reported the burden of OBI, which pauses a significant public health problem due to the high burden of HBV infection in the country. OBI may cause substantial risk of HBV transmission from blood transfusion, organ transplantation as well as vertical transmission as screening is solely dependent on HBsAg testing.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Major Transfusion-Transmissible Infections among Foreign Departing Employees from Itahari, Nepal.

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Jenish Shakya ◽  
Bijay Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Hemanta Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Anti Hiv

Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis that are transmitted from person to person through parenteral, administration of blood or blood products leading to serious health problems. The present study was lab based cross-sectional study conducted from February 2018 to August 2019 to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B, HIV, hepatitis C, and syphilis among the foreign departing employees from Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal. The samples were screened for the presence of anti-HIV IgG, HBsAg, anti-syphilis and anti-HCV IgG using commercial rapid test kits following standard protocols. A total of 4260 samples processed, the overall seroprevalence of TTIs was found to be 1.22% (52/4260). Seroprevalence of HIV was found to be 0.05% (2/4260), HBV was found to be 0.53% (23/4260), HCV was found to be 0.18% (8/4260) and syphilis was found to be 0.45% (19/4260). Among the transfusion transmissible infections in individuals going for foreign employment, the most prevalent was found to be hepatitis B (0.53%). In overall, the TTIs infection was most prevalent in the age group of 24-29 (0.35%) and 30-35 (0.35%) years. Further investigation including studying the prevalence of TTIs in general population is required to address the issue and to formulate proper preventive, diagnosis and treatment procedures of these infections.

scholarly journals Treatment type and amount influenced human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence of patients with congenital bleeding disorders

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1623-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
GF Gjerset ◽  
MJ Clements ◽  
RB Counts ◽  
AS Halvorsen ◽  
AR Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Volunteer Donor ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Two hundred and eighty-two patients with congenital bleeding disorders received blood component replacement therapy between January 1979 and April 1985, were followed-up by the Puget Sound Blood Center's Hemophilia Care Program, and were tested for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Serologic results were obtained at least 1 year after the last exposure to volunteer donor products that were prepared before donor HIV screening or after the last exposure to concentrates produced before the manufacturer's use of treatment methods for inactivation of HIV. In all, 106 patients were anti-HIV positive. The risk of HIV infection was greater in patients with more severe bleeding tendencies, greater exposure to components, and exposure to lyophilized concentrates from large pools of donors. Of 100 patients with hemophilia A who only received cryoprecipitate from volunteer donors from Washington State (during the 6.3-year period), 14% had become anti-HIV positive. Of 27 patients receiving mostly cryoprecipitate but also being exposed to a single lot of concentrate during the same period, 13 (48%) were positive. Of 49 patients treated predominantly or solely with factor VIII concentrates during this period, 43 (88%) were anti-HIV positive. Of 29 patients with von Willebrand disease, four were anti-HIV positive, including 2 of 26 receiving only cryoprecipitate and two of three who had received a single dose of factor VIII concentrate. Of 19 patients who were treated solely with volunteer donor plasma, all remained anti-HIV negative. Of 47 patients exposed to factor IX concentrate, 28 (60%) were positive. Data relevant to the risk of HIV transmission subsequent to screening of the volunteer donor population were also obtained. Treatment records of 55 hemophilia A patients who have remained anti-HIV negative through at least June 1990 showed exposure to 71,173 screened donors from May 1985 through December 1989, and all 55 patients have remained anti-HIV negative.

ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) IN HAEMOPHILIA AND VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE AND IN THEIR HETEROSEXUAL PARTNERS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Nosari ◽  
L Barbarnano ◽  
T M Caimi ◽  
A Strinchini ◽  
G Muti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Von Willebrand's Disease ◽  
Von Willebrand’S Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

The prevalence of antibodies to HIV in Haemophiliacs varies in different series: the latest figures (19636) are 12-94%, the lower values referring to patients with the mild form or treated by blood bank products. Serum conversion dates back to 1978 in USA and to 1980 in Europe. Antibodies to HIV in heterosexual partners are reported in percentage from 0-24%. Our population of patients:ALL VON WILLEBRANND'disease-patients were treated by crycoprecipitates and are all antibodies to HIV negative lymphocyte subsets: CD4 × 109/1 (x) 863; CD4/CD8(x)1.148.10 hetrosexual partners of anti HIV positive heamophiliacs were tested:Stored samples of prozen plasam of 19 haemophiliacs were also tested:p patients were found anti HIV positive ;1 in 1980;2 in 1982;2 in 1994.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among HIV Positive Patients in Some Hospitals in Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. A. Erasmus ◽  
N. P. Akani ◽  
L. O. Amadi ◽  
J. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
State University ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Triple Infection ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Age Range

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are all blood borne pathogens that are still global health challenges and were known to be endemic in Nigeria. Little work had been done on Hepatitis-B and C co-infection among HIV positive patients in the three Senatorial Districts of Rivers State. A case- control, hospital- based study was conducted among subjects from Rivers state University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Zonal Hospital, Bori and Zonal Hospital, Ahoada to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C co-infection in these areas. Three hundred and seventy-five subjects of (10-69 years) and both sexes were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic parameters of the participants. The samples collected were screened and confirmed for hepatitis-B and C using standard techniques. The overall prevalence rates of HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV in this study are 4.5%, 2.1% and 0.8% respectively while the prevalence among HIV positive participants were; 4.6%, 2.8% and 1.1% respectively. Bori had the highest prevalence of HBV and HCV, (5.3% and 4.2%) while Ahoada had the highest prevalence of triple infection (2.1%). The prevalence of HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV infection was more among subjects within age range of 30-39 years (7.0%, 5.6% and 4.2%) and lowest within the age range of 20-29 years (2.3%, 0% and 0%). Conclusively, the research findings show that the prevalence of hepatitis B and C co-infection among HIV patients in these hospitals are high. Thus, every HIV positive patient should be screened and educated on the danger of co-infection for better management of the patient.

scholarly journals Clinical, haematological, and biochemical profile of HIV patient co-infected with hepatitis B and /or C

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3955
Author(s):  
Sonu Suman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis ◽  
Positive Population

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive population is at higher risk of getting infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) or both. Co-infection with HBV/HCV may possibly complicate the clinical course of HIV in infected patients. Aim and objectives of the study were intended to determine clinical, haematological and biochemical profile of HIV patients co infected with hepatitis B and/or C.Methods: All consecutive patients presented with HIV infection who were coinfected with either Hepatitis B, C or both presenting to immunodeficiency or Gastroenterology OPD Base Hospital Delhi, were included in the study. It was a prospective, observational study.Results: HIV impacts the progression of HCV and increases the likelihood of subsequent liver damage as it is apparent in study by significant raised liver enzymes and hypoalbuminemia in HIV-HCV co infection compare to HIV–HBV.  Conclusions: These coinfections are more common in younger and lesser educated people. Biochemical parameters could serve as pointers for early detection of liver disease as result of hepatitis co infections in HIV patients. Prompt diagnosis of HCV and HBV co-infection in HIV patients has both individual and public health benefits.

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