scholarly journals The Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among HIV Positive Patients in Some Hospitals in Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. A. Erasmus ◽  
N. P. Akani ◽  
L. O. Amadi ◽  
J. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
State University ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Triple Infection ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Age Range

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are all blood borne pathogens that are still global health challenges and were known to be endemic in Nigeria. Little work had been done on Hepatitis-B and C co-infection among HIV positive patients in the three Senatorial Districts of Rivers State. A case- control, hospital- based study was conducted among subjects from Rivers state University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Zonal Hospital, Bori and Zonal Hospital, Ahoada to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C co-infection in these areas. Three hundred and seventy-five subjects of (10-69 years) and both sexes were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic parameters of the participants. The samples collected were screened and confirmed for hepatitis-B and C using standard techniques. The overall prevalence rates of HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV in this study are 4.5%, 2.1% and 0.8% respectively while the prevalence among HIV positive participants were; 4.6%, 2.8% and 1.1% respectively. Bori had the highest prevalence of HBV and HCV, (5.3% and 4.2%) while Ahoada had the highest prevalence of triple infection (2.1%). The prevalence of HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV infection was more among subjects within age range of 30-39 years (7.0%, 5.6% and 4.2%) and lowest within the age range of 20-29 years (2.3%, 0% and 0%). Conclusively, the research findings show that the prevalence of hepatitis B and C co-infection among HIV patients in these hospitals are high. Thus, every HIV positive patient should be screened and educated on the danger of co-infection for better management of the patient.

scholarly journals Vaccination status and prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among health-care workers in a tertiary health institution, Enugu State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Chinonyelu Jennie Orji ◽  
Onyinye Hope Chime ◽  
Edmund Onyemaechi Ndibuagu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
State University ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Clinical Departments

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health concern. The prevalence among health-care workers (HCWs) is about 13% in Nigeria. Although the vaccine has been found to be effective in preventing infection in 90–95% of recipients, its uptake among HCW is low. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and vaccination status of HCW in a tertiary health facility in Southeast Nigeria. Methods: The study was conducted at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) to mark the 2018 World Hepatitis Day. The HCWs were sensitised through handbills, posters, memo to the different departments and an awareness walk. HCWs who presented voluntarily were screened. Data were collected using a pro forma and analysed. Results: Out of the 1720 staff at ESUTH, 241 (14.0%) were screened; 33.2% were classified as clinical staff, 43.9% worked in clinical departments and 25.3% and 6.6% had been previously screened and vaccinated, respectively. Only 2.1% were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Previous screening for hepatitis B, working in clinical departments and being a core clinical health worker were factors that were significantly associated with previous vaccination status. Positive predictors included previous screening and working in clinical departments. Conclusion/Recommendation: This study revealed low HBV screening and vaccination uptake among HCWs in Enugu state University Teaching hospital, and also low disease prevalence. Though the prevalence of HBV infection was low, organising more awareness-raising activities in the facility will improve prevention and further reduce prevalence.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODIES FROM RETROVIRUSES, CMV AND HBV AMONG PRISONERS OF THE PENITENTIARY COMPLEX OF THE REGION OF CAMPINAS, SP, BRAZIL

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neusa Maria OSTI ◽  
Antonio Fernando PESTANA DE CASTRO ◽  
Lucila COSTALLAT RICCI
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Antigen ◽  
Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Male Inmates ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Some viruses of the families Retroviridae, such as Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV); Herpesviridae as the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Hepadnaviridae such as the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are liable to be co-transmitted with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Since prisoners are exposed to several and important risk factors involved in the transmission of HIV and the above mentioned viruses, male inmates from the penitentiary complex of Campinas, SP, Brazil, including HIV + and HIV - ones, were examined for the presence of HTLV-I and/or II antibodies; IgG and IgM anti-CMV antibodies, and the research of the superficial hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg). The presence of anti-HTLV-I and/or II was determined by the Western Blot (WB) technique, whereas IgG and IgM anti-CMV and the search of HBsAg were carried out by the Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA-Abbott Lab).With regard to anti-HTLV-I and/or II, 58.3% (14/24-Number of positive reactions/number of sera examined) were reactive among the anti-HIV positive sera. Conversely, only 12.5% (3/24) among the HIV- negative sera showed positive reactions to HTLV-I and/or II antibodies. When looking for IgG anti-CMV percentages of 97.7% (43/44) and 95% (38/40) were obtained for anti-HIV positive and negative sera, respectively. As to IgM anti-CMV antibodies 11.36% (5/44) and 2.5% (1/40) of reactive sera were found for anti-HIV positive and negative, respectively. The HBsAg was found in 12.8% (5/39) of the sera which were anti-HIV positive.

scholarly journals A ten year review of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraceptive use at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, South Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Esther I. Nonye-Enyidah ◽  
Terhemen Kasso
Keyword(s):  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
State University ◽  
Depo Provera ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Source Of Information

Background: Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) also known as Depo provera is a long acting progestogen-only contraceptive injection used by women worldwide. It is given deep intramuscularly at interval of 3 months. It is easy to use, effective, safe, convenient and reversible. Objective was to determine the prevalence of DMPA contraceptive method and profile of its acceptors at the RSUTH.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 271 clients attending family planning clinic at the RSUTH from 1st January, 2008 - 31st December, 2017. Their records were retrieved from the clinic and reviewed. Data was extracted, coded and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) IBM version 25.0 (Armonk, NY).Results: The prevalence rate of DMPA contraceptive among contraceptive acceptors at the RSUTH within the study period was 14.3 %. The modal age group was 30-34 years accounting for 103 (38.0%). Age range was 20-51 years. Two hundred and sixty eight (98.9%) had formal education. Majority of the clients had secondary level of education 209 (77.1 %). Of the 271 acceptors of DMPA, 175 (64.6%) were multipara. Most of the clients were married 259 (95.6%) and of Christian religion 265 (97.8%). Clinical personnel were the commonest source of information, accounting for 228 (84.1%).Conclusions: The prevalence of DMPA use over the study period was low. There is need for more counseling and enlightenment campaign to encourage our women to use this effective and safe method of contraception.

scholarly journals Clinical, haematological, and biochemical profile of HIV patient co-infected with hepatitis B and /or C

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3955
Author(s):  
Sonu Suman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis ◽  
Positive Population

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive population is at higher risk of getting infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) or both. Co-infection with HBV/HCV may possibly complicate the clinical course of HIV in infected patients. Aim and objectives of the study were intended to determine clinical, haematological and biochemical profile of HIV patients co infected with hepatitis B and/or C.Methods: All consecutive patients presented with HIV infection who were coinfected with either Hepatitis B, C or both presenting to immunodeficiency or Gastroenterology OPD Base Hospital Delhi, were included in the study. It was a prospective, observational study.Results: HIV impacts the progression of HCV and increases the likelihood of subsequent liver damage as it is apparent in study by significant raised liver enzymes and hypoalbuminemia in HIV-HCV co infection compare to HIV–HBV.  Conclusions: These coinfections are more common in younger and lesser educated people. Biochemical parameters could serve as pointers for early detection of liver disease as result of hepatitis co infections in HIV patients. Prompt diagnosis of HCV and HBV co-infection in HIV patients has both individual and public health benefits.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Seroprevalence and Serology Patterns in a Cohort of HIV Positive Individuals from Harare, Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayibongwe Louis Mzingwane ◽  
Tafadzwa Mamvura
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Zimbabwe is highly endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and also has high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence rates which may result in HIV/HBV coinfection, and as HIV/HBV coinfection may affect the classical HBV serology patterns and cause interpretation challenges, we assessed the seroprevalence of HBV in HIV positive patients and determined their serology profiles. This was a cross-sectional study on 957 HIV positive specimens from treatment naive patients. HBV serology tests were done using enzyme immunoassays for the detection of HBV markers in human serum or plasma. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence was 17.1% (males 19.0%, females 15.8%). Previous and/or current HBV exposure was evident in 59.8% of the patients and hepatitis B e antigen markers were present in 103 (10.8%) specimens. There was high prevalence of unusual HBV patterns with 14.1% of total specimens showing an anti-HBc alone profile and an additional 4.3% HBsAg positive specimens that were anti-HBc negative.

scholarly journals Identification of novel recombinants of hepatitis B virus genotypes F and G in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients from Argentina and Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Araujo ◽  
Oscar C. Araujo ◽  
Edinete M. Silva ◽  
Cristiane A. Villela-Nogueira ◽  
Letícia C. Nabuco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hbv Genotype ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Recombination Breakpoints

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype G (HBV/G) infection is almost always detected along with a co-infecting HBV strain that can supply HBeAg, typically HBV/A2. In this study we describe, in two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients from Argentina and Brazil, the first report of HBV/G infection in Argentina and co-circulation of HBV/G, HBV/F and G/F recombinants in the American continent. HBV isolates carrying the 36 bp insertion of HBV/G were the most prevalent in both patients, with >99 % of colonies hybridizing to a probe specific for this insertion. Phylogenetic analyses of full-length genomes and precore/core fragments revealed that F4 and F1b were the co-infecting subgenotypes in the Brazilian and Argentinian patients, respectively. Bootscanning analysis provided evidence of recombination in several clones from both patients, with recombination breakpoints located mainly at the precore/core region. These data should encourage further investigations on the clinical implications of HBV/G recombinants in HBV/HIV co-infected patients.

scholarly journals Frequency of Hepatitis B, C and HIV Infections among Transfusion-Dependent Beta Thalassemia Patients in Dhaka

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Golam Sarower Bhuyan ◽  
Aftab Uz Zaman Noor ◽  
Rosy Sultana ◽  
Farjana Akther Noor ◽  
Nusrat Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Transfusion transmitted infections have remained a major deterrent to public health, particularly among the patients with transfusion-dependent Beta thalassemia in developing countries. Although proper donor selection through adoption of WHO-advised infection panel has lowered the rate of infections, the multi-transfused patients are not free of risk. In this study, we screened 148 transfusion-dependent Beta thalassemia patients to determine the frequency of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) using the ELISA method. Among them, infected cases with HCV, HBV and HIV were 13.51%, 3.37% and 0%, respectively. Moreover, 2% of the patients were found to be co-infected with both HBV and HCV. The percentage of infections in the patients with frequent transfusion interval (≤30 days) was significantly higher (p < 0.0005) than that in the patients with less frequent transfusion intervals (>30 days). Immunochromatography (ICT)-based rapid test kits are usually used to screen and confirm these infections in the blood of the patients. However, ICT-based tests are not sensitive enough to detect the infections. So, a combination of both Nucleic Acid testing (NAT) and serological testing are suggested to significantly reduce the risk of viral infections during blood transfusion.

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