scholarly journals Clinical, haematological, and biochemical profile of HIV patient co-infected with hepatitis B and /or C

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3955
Author(s):  
Sonu Suman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis ◽  
Positive Population

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive population is at higher risk of getting infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) or both. Co-infection with HBV/HCV may possibly complicate the clinical course of HIV in infected patients. Aim and objectives of the study were intended to determine clinical, haematological and biochemical profile of HIV patients co infected with hepatitis B and/or C.Methods: All consecutive patients presented with HIV infection who were coinfected with either Hepatitis B, C or both presenting to immunodeficiency or Gastroenterology OPD Base Hospital Delhi, were included in the study. It was a prospective, observational study.Results: HIV impacts the progression of HCV and increases the likelihood of subsequent liver damage as it is apparent in study by significant raised liver enzymes and hypoalbuminemia in HIV-HCV co infection compare to HIV–HBV.  Conclusions: These coinfections are more common in younger and lesser educated people. Biochemical parameters could serve as pointers for early detection of liver disease as result of hepatitis co infections in HIV patients. Prompt diagnosis of HCV and HBV co-infection in HIV patients has both individual and public health benefits.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODIES FROM RETROVIRUSES, CMV AND HBV AMONG PRISONERS OF THE PENITENTIARY COMPLEX OF THE REGION OF CAMPINAS, SP, BRAZIL

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neusa Maria OSTI ◽  
Antonio Fernando PESTANA DE CASTRO ◽  
Lucila COSTALLAT RICCI
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Antigen ◽  
Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Male Inmates ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Some viruses of the families Retroviridae, such as Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV); Herpesviridae as the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Hepadnaviridae such as the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are liable to be co-transmitted with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Since prisoners are exposed to several and important risk factors involved in the transmission of HIV and the above mentioned viruses, male inmates from the penitentiary complex of Campinas, SP, Brazil, including HIV + and HIV - ones, were examined for the presence of HTLV-I and/or II antibodies; IgG and IgM anti-CMV antibodies, and the research of the superficial hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg). The presence of anti-HTLV-I and/or II was determined by the Western Blot (WB) technique, whereas IgG and IgM anti-CMV and the search of HBsAg were carried out by the Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA-Abbott Lab).With regard to anti-HTLV-I and/or II, 58.3% (14/24-Number of positive reactions/number of sera examined) were reactive among the anti-HIV positive sera. Conversely, only 12.5% (3/24) among the HIV- negative sera showed positive reactions to HTLV-I and/or II antibodies. When looking for IgG anti-CMV percentages of 97.7% (43/44) and 95% (38/40) were obtained for anti-HIV positive and negative sera, respectively. As to IgM anti-CMV antibodies 11.36% (5/44) and 2.5% (1/40) of reactive sera were found for anti-HIV positive and negative, respectively. The HBsAg was found in 12.8% (5/39) of the sera which were anti-HIV positive.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among HIV Positive Patients in Some Hospitals in Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. A. Erasmus ◽  
N. P. Akani ◽  
L. O. Amadi ◽  
J. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
State University ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Triple Infection ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Age Range

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are all blood borne pathogens that are still global health challenges and were known to be endemic in Nigeria. Little work had been done on Hepatitis-B and C co-infection among HIV positive patients in the three Senatorial Districts of Rivers State. A case- control, hospital- based study was conducted among subjects from Rivers state University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Zonal Hospital, Bori and Zonal Hospital, Ahoada to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C co-infection in these areas. Three hundred and seventy-five subjects of (10-69 years) and both sexes were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic parameters of the participants. The samples collected were screened and confirmed for hepatitis-B and C using standard techniques. The overall prevalence rates of HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV in this study are 4.5%, 2.1% and 0.8% respectively while the prevalence among HIV positive participants were; 4.6%, 2.8% and 1.1% respectively. Bori had the highest prevalence of HBV and HCV, (5.3% and 4.2%) while Ahoada had the highest prevalence of triple infection (2.1%). The prevalence of HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV infection was more among subjects within age range of 30-39 years (7.0%, 5.6% and 4.2%) and lowest within the age range of 20-29 years (2.3%, 0% and 0%). Conclusively, the research findings show that the prevalence of hepatitis B and C co-infection among HIV patients in these hospitals are high. Thus, every HIV positive patient should be screened and educated on the danger of co-infection for better management of the patient.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Seroprevalence and Serology Patterns in a Cohort of HIV Positive Individuals from Harare, Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayibongwe Louis Mzingwane ◽  
Tafadzwa Mamvura
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Zimbabwe is highly endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and also has high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence rates which may result in HIV/HBV coinfection, and as HIV/HBV coinfection may affect the classical HBV serology patterns and cause interpretation challenges, we assessed the seroprevalence of HBV in HIV positive patients and determined their serology profiles. This was a cross-sectional study on 957 HIV positive specimens from treatment naive patients. HBV serology tests were done using enzyme immunoassays for the detection of HBV markers in human serum or plasma. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence was 17.1% (males 19.0%, females 15.8%). Previous and/or current HBV exposure was evident in 59.8% of the patients and hepatitis B e antigen markers were present in 103 (10.8%) specimens. There was high prevalence of unusual HBV patterns with 14.1% of total specimens showing an anti-HBc alone profile and an additional 4.3% HBsAg positive specimens that were anti-HBc negative.

scholarly journals Identification of novel recombinants of hepatitis B virus genotypes F and G in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients from Argentina and Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Araujo ◽  
Oscar C. Araujo ◽  
Edinete M. Silva ◽  
Cristiane A. Villela-Nogueira ◽  
Letícia C. Nabuco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hbv Genotype ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Recombination Breakpoints

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype G (HBV/G) infection is almost always detected along with a co-infecting HBV strain that can supply HBeAg, typically HBV/A2. In this study we describe, in two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients from Argentina and Brazil, the first report of HBV/G infection in Argentina and co-circulation of HBV/G, HBV/F and G/F recombinants in the American continent. HBV isolates carrying the 36 bp insertion of HBV/G were the most prevalent in both patients, with >99 % of colonies hybridizing to a probe specific for this insertion. Phylogenetic analyses of full-length genomes and precore/core fragments revealed that F4 and F1b were the co-infecting subgenotypes in the Brazilian and Argentinian patients, respectively. Bootscanning analysis provided evidence of recombination in several clones from both patients, with recombination breakpoints located mainly at the precore/core region. These data should encourage further investigations on the clinical implications of HBV/G recombinants in HBV/HIV co-infected patients.

scholarly journals The role of prophylactic antibiotics in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients at risk of bacterial infection: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Qin Liu ◽  
Xue-Yun Zhang ◽  
Yue Ying ◽  
Jian-Ming Zheng ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Abstract Background Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by an excessive systemic inflammatory response and organ failure and has high mortality. Bacterial infections (BIs) worsen the clinical course of ACLF and carry a poor prognosis in ACLF patients. The efficacy of third-generation cephalosporins has been challenged in recent years. The aim of this study was to characterize the difference between ACLF patients with and without BIs and to provide a reference for medical intervention. Methods A total of 140 patients with hepatitis B virus-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF) hospitalized at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University (Shanghai, China) between May 2013 and January 2020 were enrolled. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the baseline characteristics of HBV-ACLF patients with and without BIs. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to find predictors of BIs. The characteristics of BIs and the role of prophylactic antibiotics were profiled. Results A total of 97 episodes of BIs occurred in patients during the course of HBV-ACLF. Patients with and without BIs differed in clinical characteristics. The incidence of BIs showed a positive correlation with the ACLF grade (P = 0.003) and the clinical course (P = 0.003). The 90-day transplant-free survival of patients with BIs was lower than those without BIs (P < 0.0001). Patients administered prophylactic antibiotics showed a lower incidence of BIs and had a higher transplant-free survival probability than those who did not (P = 0.046). No statistical differences in antibiotic efficacy between third-generation and other antibiotics were observed (P = 0.108). Conclusions BIs affected the clinical course and prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF. Prophylactic antibiotics were of potential clinical importance in the prevention of BIs and improving the clinical course and prognosis in HBV-ACLF patients. Third-generation cephalosporins were qualified for use in antibiotic prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Frequency of Hepatitis B, C and HIV Infections among Transfusion-Dependent Beta Thalassemia Patients in Dhaka

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Golam Sarower Bhuyan ◽  
Aftab Uz Zaman Noor ◽  
Rosy Sultana ◽  
Farjana Akther Noor ◽  
Nusrat Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Transfusion transmitted infections have remained a major deterrent to public health, particularly among the patients with transfusion-dependent Beta thalassemia in developing countries. Although proper donor selection through adoption of WHO-advised infection panel has lowered the rate of infections, the multi-transfused patients are not free of risk. In this study, we screened 148 transfusion-dependent Beta thalassemia patients to determine the frequency of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) using the ELISA method. Among them, infected cases with HCV, HBV and HIV were 13.51%, 3.37% and 0%, respectively. Moreover, 2% of the patients were found to be co-infected with both HBV and HCV. The percentage of infections in the patients with frequent transfusion interval (≤30 days) was significantly higher (p < 0.0005) than that in the patients with less frequent transfusion intervals (>30 days). Immunochromatography (ICT)-based rapid test kits are usually used to screen and confirm these infections in the blood of the patients. However, ICT-based tests are not sensitive enough to detect the infections. So, a combination of both Nucleic Acid testing (NAT) and serological testing are suggested to significantly reduce the risk of viral infections during blood transfusion.

scholarly journals Algorithms for the Testing of Tissue Donors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Axel Pruß ◽  
Akila Chandrasekar ◽  
Jacinto Sánchez-Ibáñez ◽  
Sophie Lucas-Samuel ◽  
Ulrich Kalus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Tissue Donors ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Although transmission of pathogenic viruses through human tissue grafts is rare, it is still one of the most serious dreaded risks of transplantation. Therefore, in addition to the detailed medical and social history, a comprehensive serologic and molecular screening of the tissue donors for relevant viral markers for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is necessary. In the case of reactive results in particular, clear decisions regarding follow-up testing and the criteria for tissue release must be made. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Based on the clinical relevance of the specific virus markers, the sensitivity of the serological and molecular biological methods used and the application of inactivation methods, algorithms for tissue release are suggested. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compliance with the preanalytical requirements and assessment of a possible hemodilution are mandatory requirements before testing the blood samples. While HIV testing follows defined algorithms, the procedures for HBV and HCV diagnostics are under discussion. Screening and decisions for HBV are often not as simple, e.g., due to cases of occult HBV infection, false-positive anti-HBc results, or early window period positive HBV NAT results. In the case of HCV diagnostics, modern therapies with direct-acting antivirals, which are often associated with successful treatment of the infection, should be included in the decision. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In HBV and HCV testing, a high-sensitivity virus genome test should play a central role in diagnostics, especially in the case of equivocal serology, and it should be the basis for the decision to release the tissue. The proposed test algorithms and decisions are also based on current European recommendations and standards for safety and quality assurance in tissue and cell banking.

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