scholarly journals Genetic Control of Mosquitoes: population suppression strategies

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Barretto Bruno Wilke ◽  
Mauro Toledo Marrelli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Lethal Gene ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Population Suppression

Over the last two decades, morbidity and mortality from malaria and dengue fever among other pathogens are an increasing Public Health problem. The increase in the geographic distribution of vectors is accompanied by the emergence of viruses and diseases in new areas. There are insufficient specific therapeutic drugs available and there are no reliable vaccines for malaria or dengue, although some progress has been achieved, there is still a long way between its development and actual field use. Most mosquito control measures have failed to achieve their goals, mostly because of the mosquito's great reproductive capacity and genomic flexibility. Chemical control is increasingly restricted due to potential human toxicity, mortality in no target organisms, insecticide resistance, and other environmental impacts. Other strategies for mosquito control are desperately needed. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a species-specific and environmentally benign method for insect population suppression, it is based on mass rearing, radiation mediated sterilization, and release of a large number of male insects. Releasing of Insects carrying a dominant lethal gene (RIDL) offers a solution to many of the drawbacks of traditional SIT that have limited its application in mosquitoes while maintaining its environmentally friendly and species-specific utility. The self-limiting nature of sterile mosquitoes tends to make the issues related to field use of these somewhat less challenging than for self-spreading systems characteristic of population replacement strategies. They also are closer to field use, so might be appropriate to consider first. The prospect of genetic control methods against mosquito vectored human diseases is rapidly becoming a reality, many decisions will need to be made on a national, regional and international level regarding the biosafety, social, cultural and ethical aspects of the use and deployment of these vector control methods.

Efficacy of Nanoparticles as a research tool to control Mosquito vector: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vareesh Baghela ◽  
Neetu Kachhwaha
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Copper Zinc

Nanotechnology has revolutionized a wide array of disciplines with its explicit applications in various important fields related to human health and environment. Utilization of nanoparticles to control mosquito menace is one of the most important output of nano research. Mosquitoes are a threat to the worldwide population as they serve as vectors for a variety of diseasecausing organisms. They are responsible for numerous diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, West Nile fever, Japanese encephalitis, etc. Conventional control methods use various chemicals and physical agents which are unable to fulfill the current demand of mosquito control strategy. From the decades, the application of these chemicals are causing a continuous harm to biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem. Therefore, recent studies are focusing on the novel and safe nanotool that are proving a boon to control measures against mosquito population.Plant mediated nanoparticles approach has shown impressive results in the field of mosquito control biology.Green synthesis of copper, zinc and silver nanoparticles have shown their toxic effects against mosquito.The review provides an insight of green revolution of rapidly growing nano research as a green nanotool control tactics to minimize the damage caused due to mosquito borne diseases.

scholarly journals The effect of dispersal and preferential mating on the genetic control of mosquitoes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doran Khamis ◽  
Claire El Mouden ◽  
Klodeta Kura ◽  
Michael B. Bonsall
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Lethal Gene ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gene Drives

AbstractMosquito-borne diseases cause significant social and economic damage across much of the globe. New biotechnologies that utilise manipulations of the mosquito genome have been developed to combat disease. The successful implementation of genetic mosquito control technologies may depend upon ecological, evolutionary and environmental factors, as well as the specifications of the chosen technology. Understanding the influence of these external factors will help inform how best to deploy a chosen technology to control vectors of infectious diseases. We use a continuous-time stochastic spatial network model of a mosquito life-cycle coupled to population genetics models to investigate the impact of releasing seven types of genetic control technology: a self-limiting lethal gene, two underdominance threshold gene drives, two homing gene drives and two Wolbachia systems. We apply the mathematical framework to understand control interventions of two archetypes of mosquito species: a short-range dispersing Aedes aegypti and comparatively longer-range dispersing Anopheles gambiae. We show that mosquito dispersal behaviour is an extremely important factor in determining the outcome of a release programme. Assortative mating – where the mating success of genetically modified males is lower than their wild counterparts – can facilitate the spatial containment of gene drives. The rapid evolution of strong mating preference can damage the efficacy of control efforts for all control technologies. We suggest that there cannot be a one-size-fits-all approach to regulation and implementation of vector control; there must be application-specific control plans that take account of understudied ecological, evolutionary and environmental factors.

scholarly journals THE USE OF TRANSGENIC MOSQUITOES FOR PREVENTION OF SPREADOF ARBOVIRAL DISEASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
G. G. Onishchenko ◽  
T. E. Sizikova ◽  
V. N. Lebedev ◽  
S. V. Borisevich
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
Transgenic Technologies ◽  
Population Suppression ◽  
Transgenic Mosquitoes

The mosquitoes of Aedes genus are the most important vector such arboviral diseases as dengue, yellow, Chikungunya, West Nile and Zika fevers. Work is currently in progress to control the transmission of agents of these diseases by forming of transgenic mosquitoes in order to altering the capacity of wild mosquitoes to support of virus replication. There are two main strategies of genetic control of mosquitoes population. Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), that mainly uses population suppression methods for making self-sustaining genetic systems and Release of insects carrying of a Dominant Lethal (RIDL) that uses mainly gene transfer methods for making of self-limiting genetic systems. The RIDL is more expensive, but it has some significant preferences, according compares with SIT. The field trials of genetic control methods are conducted in several countries from 2009 to present time. Genetic control, transgenic technologies to induce sterility, genetic elimination and stable transformation of Aedes mosquitoes are viewed in this review.

scholarly journals Zika virus epidemiology: from Uganda to world pandemic, an update

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Talero-Gutiérrez ◽  
A. Rivera-Molina ◽  
C. Pérez-Pavajeau ◽  
I. Ossa-Ospina ◽  
C. Santos-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Zikv Infection

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infection is an emergent worldwide public health problem. Historically, 84 countries have reported vector-borne ZIKV transmission, 61 of which report on-going transmission. It is a Flavivirus transmitted through arthropods belonging to the Aedes genus. Since 2015, ZIKV infections have increased dramatically; with 1.3 million people infected during 2015 in Brazil alone. This paper's objective is to highlight the conjectural epidemiological points of the virus’ dissemination. The digital archives Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane were searched for papers that assessed aspects of ZIKV transmission and epidemiology. The first isolation occurred in Uganda in 1947. Since then, important outbreaks were documented globally. Consequently, an emergent public health problem arose from a rapidly increasing incidence and its association with the development of neurological diseases such as microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome. Key factors in the successful containment of outbreaks include surveillance of mosquitos in the neighbourhood, an early mosquito control treatment, an assertive information campaign, and the involvement of the local population and healthcare workers. As such, while ZIKV seems to be spreading globally in a similar manner to other arboviruses, such as Dengue and Chikungunya viruses, it can also be rapidly contained due to the pre-existing availability of necessary resources and regulatory tools as control measures. This review aims to provide a description of those characteristics of ZIKV infection that may be useful in the construction of effective outbreak control strategies.

scholarly journals Sterile Insect Technique: Successful Suppression of Aedes Aegypti Field Population in Cuba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Gato ◽  
Zulema Menéndez ◽  
Enrique Prieto ◽  
Rafael Argilés ◽  
Misladys Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Species Specific

Dengue virus infections are a serious public health problem worldwide. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue in Cuba. Since there is no vaccine or specific treatment, the control efforts are directed to reduce mosquito populations. The indiscriminate use of pesticides can lead to increase insecticide resistance as well as adverse effects on human health. The sterile insect technique is a species-specific and environmental friendly method of insect control based on the release of large numbers of sterile males. The success of this technique in sustainable control of agricultural pests has encouraged its evaluation for mosquito control. Here, we describe an open field trial to evaluate the effect of the release of irradiated males on a wild population of Aedes aegypti. The case-control study was performed in a suburb of Havana, and compared the mosquito population before and after the intervention, in both control and treated areas. The wild population was monitored by an ovitrap network, recording frequency and density of eggs as well as their hatch rate. A significant induced sterility was observed in the field population, compared to the control. The ovitrap index and the mean eggs/ trap declined dramatically after an expected lag period of twelve and five weeks, respectively. For the last three weeks, no egg was collected in the treated area, evidencing a significant suppression of the wild population. We conclude that the sterile males released competed successfully, and induced enough sterility to suppress the local Aedes aegypti population.

scholarly journals Mapping Of Mosquito Distribution And Influencing Factors From Salem District, Tamilnadu Using Geographical Information System (Gis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 506-528
Author(s):  
R. Villavan ◽  
◽  
Pari Madhiyazhagan ◽  
Arjunan Naresh kumar ◽  
N. Kanagaraju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Breeding Sites

In India, Mosquito borne diseases constitute a major public health problem in the list of communicable diseases. The most important are malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya fever. Some environmental factors greatly influence the vector prevalence. One of the important components of vector-borne disease control programme is to impart awareness about mosquito bite prevention in the general community. Therefore, the urgent need a technology to give awareness to public about present situation of mosquito-borne disease epidemic prevalence in the country. Geographic information system (GIS) is a powerful tool to analyse the distribution of mosquitoes and their relationship to different environmental factors, and can substantially improve our ability to quantify the impacts of demographic, climatic and ecological changes in vector distribution. The influence factor of vector prevalence was collected from particular departments and direct inspection of field survey. The collected data was interpreted using ArcGIS (version 10.0) for thematic map preparation. Result of the study obtained the environmental factors such as human population, percentage of education greatly influence the mosquito breeding sites. The output is laymen friendly model and reaches the public with more interest. This study also stresses the importance of mosquito control measures.

MEASLES OUTBREAK IN A RURAL AREA OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Mir M Hassan Bullo ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
Jawad Faisal Malik ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muazam Abbas Ranjha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
District Health ◽  
Active Case

Background: Measles is highly contagious vaccine preventable disease (VPD), and a major public health problem considered as leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Pakistan. An outbreak of measles was reported in Sharifabad Islamabad on 15th of April 2017, and an investigation was launched to assess the magnitude of outbreak, evaluate risk factors and recommend control measures. Methods: A comprehensive house to house active case search along with vaccine coverage survey was conducted from April 19-22, 2017. A case was defined as "onset of maculopapular rash with fever in a resident of Sharifabad with at least one of the following signs/ symptoms, Coryza, Conjunctivitis, Cough, Otitis media or Pneumonia present in between 19 March to 22nd April 2017". Four age & sex matched controls were selected from the neighborhood. Data was collected through interview method using structured questionnaire and vaccination coverage was determined by using Epi survey form. Blood samples were sent for laboratory confirmation. Results: A total of eight cases were identified through active case finding while three were reported by local practitioner. Mean age of cases were 20 months (range 8-36 months). Severely affected age-group was 1-2 years with attack rate of 46%. Around two-third (64%) of cases and a few (16%) of controls were unvaccinated against measles. Contact with measles patient [OR 25.2, CI 3.9-160.1, P=0.00], unvaccinated children [OR 9.2 CI 2.12-40.4, P=0.000], social misconception regarding vaccination [OR 7.8 CI 1.42-42.6, P=0.00], and distance from healthcare facility [OR 5.7 CI 1.15-28.35, P=0.02] were significant risk factors. Vaccine efficacy was 90%. Conclusion: Main reasons of the outbreak were contact with the cases, and low vaccination status. We recommended comprehensive measles vaccination and community awareness sessions. On our recommendations district health authority Islamabad carried out mop up of whole area.

Healthcare-Associated Infections: Not Only a Clinical Burden, But a Forensic Point of View

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 658-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Di Paolo ◽  
Luigi Papi ◽  
Paolo Malacarne ◽  
Federica Gori ◽  
Emanuela Turillazzi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) occur when patients receiving treatment in a health care setting develop an infection. They represent a major public health problem, requiring the integration of clinical medicine, pathology, epidemiology, laboratory sciences, and, finally, forensic medicine. Methods: The determination of cause of death is fundamental not only in the cases of presumed malpractice to ascertain the causal link with any negligent behavior both of health facilities and of individual professionals, but also for epidemiological purposes since it may help to know the global burden of HCAIs, that remains undetermined because of the difficulty of gathering reliable diagnostic data. A complete methodological approach, integrating clinical data by means of autopsy and histological and laboratory findings aiming to identify and demonstrate the host response to infectious insult, is mandatory in HCAIs related deaths. Results: Important tasks for forensic specialists in hospitals and health services centers are the promotion of transparency and open communication by health-care workers on the risk of HCAIs, thus facilitating patients’ engagement and the implementation of educational interventions for professionals aimed to improve their knowledge and adherence to prevention and control measures. Conclusion: HCAIs are a major problem for patient safety in every health-care facility and system around the world and their control and prevention represent a challenging priority for healthcare institution and workers committed to making healthcare safer. Clinicians are at the forefront in the war against HCAIs, however, also forensic pathologists have a remarkable role.

CONTROLLING SUFETULA SPP.: A COCONUT INSECT PEST ON PEAT SOILS

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. BONNEAU ◽  
M. HUSNI ◽  
L. BEAUDOIN-OLLIVIER ◽  
JOKO SUSILO
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Depressive Effect ◽  
Moss Cover ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
The Impact

We demonstrated experimentally that Sufetula, a root-mining insect, has a depressive effect on coconut yields on peat soils. The impact of the pest resulted in a shortfall in earnings that warranted taking control measures. We considered control methods suitable for rehabilitating infested mature coconut plantings and for preserving young coconut plantings. Currently, cultural control is the only effective method. It involves eliminating all identified shelters for the adult insect, i.e. fern cover and heaps of coconut waste (dry fronds and husks). The aim is to achieve totally bare soil, with moss cover that does not attract the pest, or planted with an unattractive intercrop such as pineapple.

A STUDY OF INTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF SWINE FROM CHIKUN AND JEMA’A LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 594-600
Author(s):  
Chibuzor Nwokoye ◽  
Benjamin Onusiriuka ◽  
Umar Yahaya ◽  
Karderam Bukar Dikwa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Potential Public Health

A study was conducted between May and August, 2018 to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminths of pigs in Chikun and Jema’a Local Government Areas, Kaduna State. 203 faecal samples were collected, processed and examined under light microscopy. Intestinal helminths recorded were: Ascaris suum (57.1%), Oesophagostomum dentatum (37.0%), Hyostrongylus rubidus (14.8%), Metastrongylus elongates (8.9%), Strongyloides (4.5%), Stepanurus dentatum (2.5%), Trichuris suis(1.5%), Globocephalus urobuslatus (2.0%) and Physocephalus sexalatus (1.5%). The overall prevalence of helminth infection in both LGAs was 71.9%. Pigs in Jema’a LGA had significantly higher prevalence (87.9%) than pigs from Chikun LGA (56.7%). Female pigs had relatively higher (74.4%) infection than male pigs (68.6%). This pattern was also reflected in Chikun LGA where female pigs had a prevalence of 63.9% compared to 46.5% in males, however, the reverse was the case in Jema’a LGA where males had 90.7% prevalence and females 85.7%. In Chikun LGA, the highest prevalence of 58.6% was recorded among pigs aged 25-36 months, followed by pigs aged 5-12 months with prevalence of 57.1%, and the least prevalence of 55.0% was recorded in pigs aged 13-24 months. The prevalence of intestinal helminthosis in pigs tends to decrease with age in Jema’a LGA. The presence of these parasites in pigs examined indicates a potential public health problem in Chikun and Jema’a Local Government Areas of Kaduna state. Enlightenment of pig farmers on the need for periodic veterinary care and restriction of stray pigs through legislation formulation and enforcement are recommended as control measures

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document