scholarly journals Diet of Astyanax paranae (Characidae) in streams with different riparian land covers in the Passa-Cinco River basin, southeastern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Ferreira ◽  
Pedro Gerhard ◽  
José E. P. Cyrino
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
River System ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

An analysis of the diet of Astyanax paranae Eigenmann, 1914 in nine streams located in the Passa-Cinco River basin (upper Paraná River system) was performed to investigate the feeding habits of this species, check for possible spatial variations in diet and to investigate the influence of riparian vegetation in the composition of the diet. Stomach contents of 243 specimens were analyzed by the methods of relative frequency of occurrence and volume, and the diet was characterized by the alimentary index (AIi). The species showed insectivorous feeding habits, with a predominance of terrestrial and aquatic insects in the diet, varying by location. In most streams, resources of allochthonous origin were the most consumed. The participation of aquatic insects and terrestrial plants were high in most streams, while terrestrial insects and invertebrates were highest in streams with a greater presence of riparian forest. The two streams located draining pasture fields were the only places were A. paranae consumed algae and macrophyte fragments. These results were corroborated by the analysis of similarity (ANOSIM): the descriptor "percentage of riparian forest" was the highest environmental influence on the diet of A. paranae. The study shows that riparian forest percentage on the stream reach determines the species diet composition, but A. paranae is also able to gather enough food resources in a variety of severely degraded environments.

scholarly journals Aquatic insects as the main food resource of fish the community in a Neotropical reservoir

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Vidotto-Magnoni ◽  
Edmir Daniel Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Tietê River ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

We evaluated the feeding of fish species of the Nova Avanhandava Reservoir, low Tietê River, São Paulo State, Brazil. Fishes were collected in two stretches of the reservoir: Santa Bárbara (14 samples) and Bonito (two samples) between September 2002 and March 2004, using gill and seining nets. The results of stomach contents analysis were expressed with the frequency of occurrence and gravimetric method, combined in the Alimentary Index (AI). The 20 species studied consumed 52 food items, grouped in 10 food categories: aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, crustaceans, fish, macroinvertebrates, microcrustaceans, algae, vegetal matter, detritus/sediment and scales. The aquatic insects (mainly Chironomidae, Odonata and Ephemeroptera) were the most common food resources, consumed by 18 species. The diet composition of the community (species grouped) indicated that the dominant food category in the diet of fishes was aquatic insects (AI = 77.6%), followed by crustaceans (AI = 7.1%). Four trophic guilds were identified according a cluster analysis (Pearson distance): insectivorous (10 species), omnivorous (4 species), detritivorous (3 species) and piscivorous/carcinophagous (3 species). Despite the highest number of species, the insectivorous guild was responsible for more than 80% in captures in number and biomass (CPUEn and CPUEb). The low values of niche breadth presented by all species, along with the low values of diet overlap between species pairs indicate a high degree of food resources partitioning among species. The aquatic insects, despite being the main food resource of insectivorous fishes, also complemented the diet of other species, which demonstrate the importance of this food resource for the fish community, sustaining a high diversity, abundance and biomass of fishes.

scholarly journals On the feeding habit of the Guiana Dolphin Sotalia guianensis (van Bénedèn, 1864) (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) in southeastern Brazil (~220S): has there been any change in more than two decades?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto ◽  
Clara Da Cruz Vidart Badia ◽  
Salvatore Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
The North ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Guiana Dolphin

Along the north and central coast of Rio de Janeiro State (22025’S–23000’S), southeastern Brazil, the Guiana Dolphin Sotalia guianensis forages on neritic prey, mainly fish.  From the analysis of the dolphin’s stomach contents and the identification of partially digested prey, it was verified that the most frequent prey species were young specimens of Trichiurus lepturus.  Comparing our results with previous studies on the feeding habits of Guiana Dolphin in the same region, we noticed the maintenance of its feeding preferences during more than two decades, indicating little or no change in the use of prey by this top predator. 

scholarly journals Diet composition of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840), a fish introduced into the Tietê River system

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM. Stefani ◽  
O. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
River System ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Tietê River

Plagioscion squamosissimus is a species from the Amazon basin that was introduced into the Tietê River system. The present study aimed to analyse the feeding habits of this species in Bariri Reservoir and to verify the possible occurrence of ontogenetic changes in its diet composition. The samples were gathered in four periods of the year: February, June, September and November 2003. The fish were gathered with different fishing net meshes in three different reservoir portions. The alimentary items found in the stomachs were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and had abundance, occurrence frequency, volume and biomass determined. The Alimentary Index (IAi) was calculated for each alimentary item consumed by "corvina" for each studied period. Comparisons among the diet of different size classes of P. squamosissimus were done using the similarity coefficient of Jaccard and the Cluster Analysis (UPGMA). The Friedman proof was performed to verify if there is a significant ontogenetic variation in the species diet and changes in the consumption of different alimentary categories by P. squamosissimus among the sampled periods. P. squamosissimus presented a piscivorous feeding habit, although other items were also consumed. The biggest values of IAi were obtained for the alimentary item fish in the months of June (0.47) and November (0.39). The item Ephemeroptera (Campsurinae) was the most representative in February (0.30) and June (0.45). Despite the fact that P. squamosissimus consumed an ample spectrum of alimentary items, the ontogenetic changes were evident through the exploration of aquatic insects by the younger classes and by a diet mainly composed of fish in adult individuals. The alimentary plasticity of P. squamosissimus evidenced in this study might have contributed to the success of this species in Bariri Reservoir.

scholarly journals Feeding habits of Thoracocharax stellatus (Characiformes: Gasteropelecidae) in the upper rio Tocantins, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
André L. Netto-Ferreira ◽  
Míriam P. Albrecht ◽  
Jorge L. Nessimian ◽  
Érica P. Caramaschi
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
Land Water

The silver hatchetfish Thoracocharax stellatus is one of the approximately 200 fish species recorded for the upper rio Tocantins, in the region where it was impounded by the Serra da Mesa hydroelectric dam. Analysis of the stomach contents of 88 specimens revealed a diet consisting almost entirely of insects (99.6%), most of which were terrestrial (87.6%). Ants, beetles, and mayflies were the main food items. Dawn and dusk seemed to be the periods of highest foraging activity for T. stellatus. As a specialist on terrestrial insects, this species has a close connection with the region near the river bank, where prey is provided from the associated riparian vegetation. Despite the impoundment and depletion of the land-water ecotone observed in later stages of reservoir formation, no significant changes in the diet of the few remnant specimens were recorded, which seems to indicate little feeding flexibility. Thus, feeding seemed to be an overriding factor for the displacement of this species after river impoundment.

scholarly journals Feeding habits of whitemouth croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in Caraguatatuba Bay, southeastern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Regina Denadai ◽  
Flávia Borges Santos ◽  
Eduardo Bessa ◽  
Wellington Silva Fernandez ◽  
Camila Luvisaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Opportunistic Behavior ◽  
Large Bank ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Micropogonias Furnieri

Abstract This study examined the feeding habits of Micropogonias furnieri in Caraguatatuba Bay. Samples were collected monthly between May 2003 and October 2004 by trawling in two areas (southern and northern parts of the bay). The fish were measured and their stomach contents identified. The abundance was compared between areas and among months. M. furnieri was more abundant in the southern area and in the spring of 2003. The population was dominated by small immature individuals. This species had a varied diet, feeding on crustaceans, bivalve siphons, and polychaetes. The ingestion of bivalve siphons may be an opportunistic behavior, due to the presence of a large bank of the bivalve Tivela mactroides in the study area. The high proportion of unidentified organic matter in the stomach corroborates published reports that this species eats continuously and has rapid digestion. These results demonstrate that M. furnieri can be considered a carnivore, with a preference for benthic organisms.

scholarly journals Insectivory in Potamotrygon signata (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae), an endemic freshwater stingray from the Parnaíba River basin, northeastern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Moro ◽  
P. Charvet ◽  
RS. Rosa
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Diet Variability ◽  
Freshwater Stingray ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Main Item

Potamotrygon signata is an endemic freshwater stingray species in the Parnaíba River basin, Brazil. After its original description, only citations in systematic lists were recorded in the literature and the biology of the species remains unknown, including the feeding habits. The aim of this study is to characterize the overall diet of P. signata based on analysing stomach contents and to provide preliminary information on intraspecific diet variability between sexes and maturity stages. The stomach contents of 56 specimens of P. signata were analyzed. The taxonomic identification of food items showed the presence of 13 prey orders, including insects, mollusks, crustaceans and teleost fish. The Index of Relative Importance (IRI%) indicated P. signata as an insectivorous species, with a dominance of Diptera larvae (60.64%) and Ephemeroptera nymphs (34.68%). Differences in diet were observed between sexes, as well as between mature and immature individuals. The IRI% of females showed a similar occurrence of Diptera and Ephemeroptera (47.12% and 47.86%, respectively), whereas for males, Ephemeroptera was the main item (79.56%). Immature individuals showed a dominance of Diptera (76.20%) while mature individuals showed a similar occurrence of Diptera (46.95%) and Ephemeroptera (47.23%). The observed sexual and ontogenetic differences in diet may be related to distinct nutritional requirements of males and females, and to the variation of morphological aspects of the oral apparatus and dentition of males and females and of immature individuals and adults. The essentially insectivorous diet of the species is possibly adaptively advantageous in the Caatinga semi-arid environment, where the availability of fish as prey may be subject to strong seasonal variation.

scholarly journals [NO TITLE AVAILABLE]

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xênia Moreira Lopes ◽  
Marcos César de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Ednilson da Silva ◽  
Manuela Bassoi ◽  
Roberta Aguiar dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Stenella Frontalis ◽  
New Information ◽  
Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Atlantic Spotted Dolphins ◽  
Pagrus Pagrus

This study presents new information on the feeding habits of the Atlantic spotted dolphins, Stenella frontalis, in the Western South Atlantic. Nine stomach contents of S. frontalis incidentally caught in fishing operations conducted by the gillnet fleet based on main harbour of Cananéia (25°00'S; 47°55'W), southeastern Brazil, were analyzed. These specimens were captured between 2005 and 2007. A total of 1 422 cephalopod beaks, 147 otoliths and three crustaceans were recovered from the stomach contents. The dolphins assessed preyed on at least eight different fish species of the families Trichiuridae, Carangidae, Sparidae, Merluccidae, Engraulidae, Sciaenidae, Congridae and Scombridae, five cephalopod species of the families Loliginidae, Sepiolidae, Tremoctopodidae and Thysanoteuthidae, and one shrimp species of the Penaeidae family. Based on the analysis of the Index of Relative Importance (IRI), the Atlantic cutlassfish, Trichiurus lepturus, was the most important fish species represented. Of the cephalopods, the squid Doryteuthis plei was by far the most representative species. Several items were reported for the first time as prey of the S. frontalis: Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, Tremoctopus violaceus, Semirossia tenera, Merluccius hubbsi, Pagrus pagrus and Paralonchurus brasiliensis. S. frontalis presented teuthophagous and ichthyofagous feeding habits, with apparent predominance of the first, and preyed mainly on pelagic and demersal items.

scholarly journals Spatial, seasonal and ontogenetic variation in the diet of Astyanax aff. fasciatus (Ostariophysi: Characidae) in an Atlantic Forest river, Southern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Lazzarini Wolff ◽  
Vinícius Abilhoa ◽  
Flavia Sant'Anna Rios ◽  
Lucélia Donatti
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
Common Items

This study described the feeding habits of the characin Astyanax aff. fasciatus. The diet compositions of specimens from two sites (A and B) on a river in Southern Brazil were compared according to the size of individuals and seasonal period. The collections were performed monthly from March 2005 to February 2006, where the stomach contents of 290 specimens were assessed. Food items for A. aff. fasciatus were basically composed of plants and insects, especially leaf fragments, seeds, fruits, filamentous algae, aquatic and terrestrial insects and insect fragments. At site A, the most common items were insect and plant fragments. Conversely at site B, plant fragments were more representative. In general, all items of animal origin showed the highest feeding index values at site A, whereas at site B detritus and grass items were more abundant. The composition of items varied seasonally, with higher diversity of items being recorded during the spring at both sites. Smaller individuals preferred items of animal origin, while the larger ones consumed mainly items of plant origin. According to its size, A. aff. fasciatus in this study may be considered a species with insectivorous tendencies when immature or herbivorous tendencies when adult. Nevertheless, its feeding habits may be flexible according to resource availability, showing wide ontogenetic, besides spatial and temporal variation.

scholarly journals Stable isotope analyses of web-spinning spider assemblages along a headwater stream in Puerto Rico

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Kelly ◽  
Elvira Cuevas ◽  
Alonso Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Headwater Stream ◽  
Stream Channel ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Stable Isotope Analyses ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
Isotope Analyses

Web-spinning spiders that inhabit stream channels are considered specialists of aquatic ecosystems and are major consumers of emerging aquatic insects, while other spider taxa are more commonly found in riparian forests and as a result may consume more terrestrial insects. To determine if there was a difference in spider taxa abundance between riverine web-spinning spider assemblages within the stream channel and the assemblages 10 m into the riparian forest, we compared abundances for all web-spinning spiders along a headwater stream in El Yunque National Forest in northeast Puerto Rico. By using a nonmetric dimensional scaling (NMDS) abundance analysis we were able to see a clear separation of the two spider assemblages. The second objective of the study was to determine if aquatic insects contributed more to the diet of the spider assemblages closest to the stream channel and therefore stable isotope analyses ofδ15N andδ13C for web-spinning spiders along with their possible prey were utilized. The results of the Bayesian mixing model (SIAR) however showed little difference in the diets of riverine (0 m), riparian (10 m) and upland (25 m) spiders. We found that aquatic insects made up ∼50% of the diet for web-spinning spiders collected at 0 m, 10 m, and 25 m from the stream. This study highlights the importance of aquatic insects as a food source for web-spinning spiders despite the taxonomic differences in assemblages at different distances from the stream.

scholarly journals Cladocerans from gut contents of fishes associated to macrophytes from Taquari River Basin, MS, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Maria Güntzel ◽  
Ilze Katsue Morita Melo ◽  
Kennedy Francis Roche ◽  
Valéria Flávia Batista da Silva ◽  
Priscila Gusmão Pompiani
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Oxbow Lake ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fish Feeding ◽  
Important Food Source

AIM: The aim of this study was to identify the cladocerans species from the gut contents of fishes sampled in an oxbow lake from Taquari River Basin, MS, with the specific view of investigating the importance of these crustaceans in the fishes diets; METHODS: Sampling was carried out in April and August of 2005 (dry season) and January of 2006 (wet season). The fish were captured with a sieve. In the laboratory, individuals were identified and stomachs were removed and weighed. The stomach contents were identified, and a Feeding Index calculated; RESULTS: The items most consumed by fishes were filamentous algae, Cladocera and detritus. The Cladocera were especially important in the August and January samples, and consisted primarily of Chydoridae; cladocerans were most consumed by species of Serrapinnus and by Mesonauta festivus. Fish fed more in April, with decreases occurring in stomach fullness on the other two sampling dates. CONCLUSIONS: Cladocerans associated with macrophytes may be an important food source for small fish individuals in marginal lakes from Taquari River Basin. The relative importance of the Chydoridae in the guts may have been due to the high relative abundance and species richness of this group in the environment. A short discussion on fish feeding habits was included in the text.

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