scholarly journals The use of total luminescence spectroscopy in the investigation of the effects of different rice management practices on humic substances of a planosol

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Nogueira Olendzki ◽  
Andréia Christina Ignácio ◽  
Antonio Salvio Mangrich
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Emission Wavelength ◽  
Luminescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Impact

In the Earth's carbon cycle, C stocks in the soil are higher than in vegetation and atmosphere. Maintaining and conserving organic C concentrations in the soil by specific management practices can improve soil fertility and productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of agricultural management techniques and influence of water regime (flooded or drained) on the structure of humic substances by excitation/emission matrix fluorescence. Six samples of a Planosol (Planossolo by the Brazilian System of Soil Classification) were collected from a rice field. Humic substances (HS) were extracted from flooded and drained soil under different agricultural management techniques: conventional tillage, reduced tillage and grassland. Two peaks at a long emission wavelength were observed in the EEM spectra of HA whereas those of the corresponding FA contained a unique fluorophore at an intermediate excitation/emission wavelength pair (EEWP) value. The fluorescence intensity measured by total luminescence (FI TL) of HA was lower than that of the corresponding FA. A comparison of all samples (i.e., the HA values compared to each other) revealed only slight differences in the EEWP position, but the FI TL values were significantly different. In this soil, anoxic conditions and reduced tillage (little plowing) seem to favor a higher degree of humification of the soil organic matter compared with aerated conditions and conventional tillage.

scholarly journals Impact of crop residue management on crop production and soil chemistry after seven years of crop rotation in temperate climate, loamy soils

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Hiel ◽  
Sophie Barbieux ◽  
Jérôme Pierreux ◽  
Claire Olivier ◽  
Guillaume Lobet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Crop Residue Management ◽  
The Impact

Society is increasingly demanding a more sustainable management of agro-ecosystems in a context of climate change and an ever growing global population. The fate of crop residues is one of the important management aspects under debate, since it represents an unneglectable quantity of organic matter which can be kept in or removed from the agro-ecosystem. The topic of residue management is not new, but the need for global conclusion on the impact of crop residue management on the agro-ecosystem linked to local pedo-climatic conditions has become apparent with an increasing amount of studies showing a diversity of conclusions. This study specifically focusses on temperate climate and loamy soil using a seven-year data set. Between 2008 and 2016, we compared four contrasting residue management strategies differing in the amount of crop residues returned to the soil (incorporation vs. exportation of residues) and in the type of tillage (reduced tillage (10 cm depth) vs. conventional tillage (ploughing at 25 cm depth)) in a field experiment. We assessed the impact of the crop residue management on crop production (three crops—winter wheat, faba bean and maize—cultivated over six cropping seasons), soil organic carbon content, nitrate (${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil content and uptake by the crops. The main differences came primarily from the tillage practice and less from the restitution or removal of residues. All years and crops combined, conventional tillage resulted in a yield advantage of 3.4% as compared to reduced tillage, which can be partly explained by a lower germination rate observed under reduced tillage, especially during drier years. On average, only small differences were observed for total organic carbon (TOC) content of the soil, but reduced tillage resulted in a very clear stratification of TOC and also of P and K content as compared to conventional tillage. We observed no effect of residue management on the ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ content, since the effect of fertilization dominated the effect of residue management. To confirm the results and enhance early tendencies, we believe that the experiment should be followed up in the future to observe whether more consistent changes in the whole agro-ecosystem functioning are present on the long term when managing residues with contrasted strategies.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Strategic Management Practices on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Makurdi – Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
David Adugh Kuhe ◽  
Victor Utor ◽  
Darius Ikyanyon
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of strategic management practices on the performance of some commercial banks in Makurdi – Nigeria. The study utilized primary data obtained through structured questionnaire administered to 160 respondents sampled from seven commercial banks in the study area. The collected data from the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics, percentages, correlation and regression analysis. The correlation results showed that strategic management practices are highly positively and significantly related to organizational performance. The regression result which explains about 99.9% variability in the model revealed that strategic management had positive and significant impact on the performance and profitability of commercial banks. The study recommended among other things that the management of the commercial banks should enhance the strategic management techniques in order to improve performance.

scholarly journals Effects of different soil management practices on soil properties and microbial diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Gajda ◽  
Ewa A. Czyż ◽  
Anthony R. Dexter ◽  
Karolina M. Furtak ◽  
Jarosław Grządziel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage

AbstractThe effects of different tillage systems on the properties and microbial diversity of an agricultural soil was investigated. In doing so, soil physical, chemical and biological properties were analysed in 2013-2015, on a long-term field experiment on a loamy sand at the IUNG-PIB Experimental Station in Grabów, Poland. Winter wheat was grown under two tillage treatments: conventional tillage using a mouldboard plough and traditional soil tillage equipment, and reduced tillage based on soil crushing-loosening equipment and a rigid-tine cultivator. Chopped wheat straw was used as a mulch on both treatments. Reduced tillage resulted in increased water content throughout the whole soil profile, in comparison with conventional tillage. Under reduced tillage, the content of readily dispersible clay was also reduced, and, therefore, soil stability was increased in the toplayers, compared with conventional tillage. In addition, the beneficial effects of reduced tillage were reflected in higher soil microbial activity as measured with dehydrogenases and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate, compared with conventional tillage. Moreover, the polimerase chain reaction – denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that soil under reduced till-age had greater diversity of microbial communities, compared with conventionally-tilled soil. Finally, reduced tillage increased organic matter content, stability in water and microbial diversity in the top layer of the soil.

scholarly journals Conventional tillage vs. organic farming in relation to soil organic carbon stock in olive groves in Mediterranean rangelands (Southern Spain)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Parras-Alcántara ◽  
B. Lozano-García
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Management System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Management Techniques

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration is a soil variable subject to changes. In agricultural soils, the management system is a key factor that influence to these changes. For determine the management system effects on SOC stocks (SOC-S) in olive groves, 114 soil profiles were studied in the Los Pedroches Valley (Mediterranean rangelands – southern Spain) for long-term (20 yr). The management practices were conventional tillage (CT) and organic farming (OF) in four soil types: Cambisols (CM), Regosols (RG), Luvisols (LV) and Leptosols (LP). Soil properties were statistically analyzed by management techniques, soil types and horizons. The principal components analyses identified four factors that explained 65% of the variance. Also, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between soil types and management techniques. Equally was observed that the management system affected to SOC-S. In addition, the total SOC-S for 20 yr increased in OF with respect to CT by 72% and 66% in CM and LV respectively. The SOC showed significant differences for horizons (p < 0.05) in relation to the management types. The stratification ratio index of SOC was >2 in all studied soils. These results indicate high soils quality, and that management practices affect to SOC store in the Los Pedroches Valley.

scholarly journals Weed control methods and coffee shrub residue effects on carbon stocks in a Latosol under conservation management practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Bruno Henrique Martins ◽  
Cezar Francisco Araujo Junior ◽  
Mario Miyazawa ◽  
Karen Mayara Vieira ◽  
Carlos Alberto Hamanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Split Plot

Weed control methods in coffee crops can significantly influence carbon (C) stocks of soil humic substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate C stocks in an experimental coffee crop submitted to conservation agriculture for weed control between coffee rows. The study was carried out in a very clayey Dystroferric Red Latosol, Londrina, Paraná state (23°21’30” S; 51°10’17” W), cultivated with cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 379-19. In 2008, the experiment was established as randomized block design with four replicates within split-split plot scheme. Seven weed control methods between coffee rows were considered (hand weeding; portable mechanical mower; herbicides application; two cover crops; weed check and spontaneous). In September 2013, coffee shrub pruning was conducted and residues were distributed along inter rows. The weed control methods were considered as the main-plot factor and sampling period (March 2014 and February 2015) as the split-plot. Soil samples were collected at the center of the inter rows at four depth increments. C stocks evaluation included total organic carbon determination by chromic acid wet oxidation. Humic substances were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Most of the considered weed control methods did not affect organic carbon storage in 0 – 40 cm layer, nevertheless led to increase at topsoil. In 2015, the humin fraction C stock was 54 % higher at superficial layer than subsequent depth, presenting 39 % average increase at the 2014/2015 interval. Although C stocks from humic and fulvic acids did not vary, more conjugated/condensed characteristic for the fulvic fraction was observed.

Perceived fairness of revenue management practices in casual and fine-dining restaurants

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Tang ◽  
Toni Repetti ◽  
Carola Raab
Keyword(s):  
Revenue Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Perceptions Of Fairness ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Restaurant Revenue Management ◽  
The Impact

PurposeRestaurants typically have small profit margins and with the pressure of increasing food and labor costs, management is looking to revenue as a way to maintain and drive profits. One technique to increase revenue is through revenue management practices, but management needs to be aware of their customers’ reactions to these practices prior to implementation. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes linear regression to determine the impact of select restaurant revenue management practices, customers’ familiarity with revenue management in general and in restaurants specifically, and customers’ demographics on perceived fairness of revenue management practices in casual and fine-dining restaurants.FindingsResults indicate that customers find certain restaurant revenue management practices, such as charging premium prices on certain days of the week, fair in both casual and fine-dining restaurants, while others are not in either. Non-refundable reservation fees were found to be fair for fine-dining establishments only. Increased familiarity with restaurant revenue management was associated with higher perceptions of fairness for both casual and fine dining. Age was the only demographic studied that affected perceived fairness.Originality/valueThis study is the only known study to simultaneously evaluate the impact of price and duration restaurant revenue management techniques in combination with customer demographics and revenue management familiarity on consumer perceptions of fairness.

Evaluation of SLAKES, a smartphone application for quantifying aggregate stability, in soils with contrasting managements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Peluchon ◽  
Didier Michot ◽  
Blandine Lemercier ◽  
Sylvain Busnot ◽  
Thierry Morvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Stability Measurements

&lt;p&gt;The measurement of aggregate stability is an important indicator of soil quality and is widely used for monitoring soil condition. The SLAKES mobile app is an alternative tool to laboratory-based methods to measure soil aggregate stability. It provides aggregate stability measurements through Slaking Index (SI) with SI close to 0 suggesting high stability and values above 7 suggesting minimum stability. As the duration of this low-cost experiment is only 10 minutes, SLAKES is very attractive for scientists and no-scientists. SLAKES was implemented in Australia and has proven its efficiency in several studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study was conducted to determine whether the SLAKES mobile app could be adapted to French soils and then could be an alternative to the Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) method, normalized in France (ISO 10390). More specifically, the three main objectives were: (i) determining whether the aggregate stability measurements depend on the phones used for the experiment, (ii) estimating the number of measurements necessary to get reliable results, (iii) determining whether the app has the ability to detect the effect of contrasting soil managements previously shown using the MWD method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study was performed on silty loam soils from EFELE (Effluents d&amp;#8217;Elevage et Environnement) experimental site at le Rheu (Brittany, France) which is part of the French &amp;#8220;Organic Residues&amp;#8221; research observatory (SOERE PRO). The experimental design combines two different tillage practices (conventional tillage and shallow tillage) with two fertilizer treatments (mineral and organic (cattle manure)) randomly replicated three times. Soil samples were collected in March 2017 at both 0-15 cm and 15-25 cm depth from the 12 plots.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The SI was measured on three aggregates simultaneously and this measurement was repeated 15 times for each sample which provided 45 SI per sample. Outliers above SI=11 were removed before statistical treatments. Four different phones of the same brand and generation were used to measure SI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An analysis of variance showed that the effect of the smartphone on SI measurements was not significant (p-value = 0.73, 0.88, 0.067 for 3 different samples).&amp;#160;The SLAKES results showed comparable significant separation of means (p &lt; 0.0001) between each soil management than the MWD method. According to the results of an analysis of variance, SI was significantly lower in reduced tillage than in conventional tillage condition (p-value = 2.10&lt;sup&gt;-16&lt;/sup&gt;). These results indicate a higher soil stability in reduced tillage. Yet, the analysis of variance did not underline any effect of fertilization on the SI (p-value = 0.28), as previously found with the MWD method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study proved that a relatively simple mobile app can detect the effect of soil management practices on aggregate stability with a similar performance than the MWD method. This conclusion was reinforced by the existing correlation between the SI and the MWD index (p-value = 0.00059, R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.39). We recommend to perform similar experiments on other sampling campaigns or in other pedological and soil management contexts taking at least 15 measures per sample.&lt;/p&gt;

The impact of harvesting native forests on vegetation and soil C stocks, and soil CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Page ◽  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
R. J. Raison
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
The Impact

Australia’s harvested native forests are extremely diverse in terms of species-mix, disturbance history and ecology, forest productivity and C storage. Our understanding of the effects of harvesting on C storage and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from these systems is incomplete, and this paper consolidates current Australian knowledge, places this in a global context, and identifies areas requiring further study. The uptake of CO2 and the re-accumulation of forest C stocks after harvesting or other disturbance is largely dependent on forest primary production. However, in Australian native forests, knowledge of rates of primary production for the diverse range of species and management practices present is poor. Soil respiration rates following harvest have also been largely unquantified for Australian systems. It is essential that both these parameters are quantified if estimates of net ecosystem production (NEP) are to be made. It is generally acknowledged that harvested forests have a negative NEP, and thus are sources of C, immediately following harvest, but attain a positive NEP as the forest regrows and photosynthetic capacity increases. The magnitude and time course of these changes are largely unknown for most Australian forest systems. In addition, little data are available to quantify the effect on soil C storage, and where estimates have been made these are often subject to methodological uncertainty and are thus highly contentious. Following harvest, the changes that occur to soil structure, moisture content, and N cycling may also influence CH4 and N2O flux, although these fluxes also remain largely unquantified in harvested Australian forests. Given the significant changes to NEP, CH4 and N2O fluxes observed after forest harvest in international studies, it is expected that GHG fluxes would typically increase from Australian native forests following harvest, and then slowly decrease over time as biomass accumulates, and N2O and CH4 fluxes return to background levels. However, it is currently difficult to quantify the magnitude and time course of these changes due to a lack of both gas flux and primary production measurements. Clearly, further research effort to quantify these parameters throughout Australia is required in order to obtain a more reliable picture of the effects of harvesting and other disturbances on forest GHG balance.

scholarly journals Measured and Modeled (DNDC) Nitrous Oxide Emissions (N2O) under Different Crop Management Practices in the Nitra Region, Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Ján Horák ◽  
Irina Mukhina
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Relative Deviation ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract An important method of investigating N2O emissions from cropland is model simulation. The measured data of N2O emissions under conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) with (N1) and without (N0) N fertilizer application were used to test the DNDC model during the year 2012 (April-December) in Slovakia. There was found a good agreement with seasonal N2O emissions only for CTN0 treatment, but in case of other treatments DNDC overestimated the emissions. The relative deviation between observed and simulated total seasonal N2O emissions (kg N ha−1) from four treatments were 46%, 164%, 346% and 321% for CTN0, CTN1, RTN0 and RTN1, respectively. Also, some discrepancies were found between observed and simulated emissions when evaluating the daily N2O emissions, especially when looking at the magnitude of N2O emissions peaks. The correlation between observed and simulated daily N2O emissions (N = 38) in case of conventional tillage was quite high and significant with r = 0.48 (P <0.01), r = 0.45 (P <0.01) for CTN0 and CTN1 treatment, respectively. On the other hand, there was found poor correlation in reduced tillage treatment with r = 0.22 (P >0.01) and r = 0.39 (P >0.01), for RTN0, RTN1, respectively.

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