Aluminum hydroxy-interlayered minerals and chemical properties of a subtropical Brazilian Oxisol under no-tillage and conventional tillage

No tillage systems significantly influence the soil system, but knowledge about the effects on the mineralogy of tropical and subtropical soils is limited. This study evaluated the long-term effects (26 years) of no-tillage (NT) on aluminum hydroxy-interlayered minerals of a subtropical Oxisol in Southern Brazil (Guarapuava, PR), compared to the same soil under conventional tillage (CT). The clay fraction (< 2 µm) in soil samples of the surface horizons of a field experiment under both management systems was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify and characterize Al hydroxy-interlayered minerals before and after treatment with sodium citrate to remove intra-layer material. Soil liquid (solution) and solid phases were also characterized. The contents of total organic C, exchangeable cations, P, and the values of extractable acidity and cation exchange capacity as well as electrical conductivity and levels of dissolved organic C, basic cations, aluminum, Si, and sulfur in the soil solution were higher in the NT soil. Under both soil management systems, more than 90 % of the total soluble Al was complexed with organic compounds, with similar Al activity. No significant changes were detected by 2:1 clay mineral XRD analyses in terms of extension or intercalation of Al-hydroxy-polymers in the no-tilled in comparison to the conventionally tilled soil. In both soil management systems, Al and Si activities in the soil solution indicated thermodynamic stability of 2:1 clay minerals with partially occupied by hydroxy-Al, suggesting deceleration in the intercalation process and a tendency of transforming clay minerals from extensive into partial intercalation.

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Nitrogen dynamics in soil management systems. I - flux of inorganic nitrogen (NH4+ and NO3-)

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832011000500018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 1641-1649

Author(s):

João Carlos de Moraes Sá ◽

Eduardo Garcia Cardoso ◽

Clever Briedis ◽

Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira ◽

Paulo Rogério Borszowskei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

No Tillage ◽

Organic C ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Ct System ◽

Red Latosol

In agricultural systems the N-NH4+ and N-NO3- contents is significantly affected by soil management. This study investigated the dynamics of inorganic nitrogen (N; NH4+ and NO3-) in an experimental evaluation of soil management systems (SMSs) adopted in 1988 at the experimental station of the ABC Foundation in Ponta Grossa, in the Central South region of the State of Paraná. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in N-NH4+ and N-NO3- flux in the surface layer of a Red Latosol arising from SMSs over a 12-month period. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design in split plots, in three replications. The plots consisted of the following SMSs: 1) conventional tillage (CT); 2) minimum tillage (MT); 3) no-tillage with chisel plow every three years (NT CH); and 4) continuous no-tillage (CNT). To evaluate the dynamics of inorganic N, the subplots represented samplings (11 sampling times, T1 - T11). The ammonium N (N-NH4+) and nitric N (N-NO3-) contents were higher in systems with reduced tillage (MT and NT CH) and without tillage (CNT) than in the CT system. In the period from October 2003 to February 2004, the N-NH4+ was higher than the N-NO3- soil content. Conversely, in the period from May 2004 to July 2004, the N-NO3- was higher than the N-NH4+ content. The greatest fluctuation in the N-NH4+ and N-NO3- contents occurred in the 0-2.5 cm layer, and the highest peak in the N-NH4+ and N-NO3- concentrations occurred after the surface application of N. Both N-NH4+ and N-NO3- were strongly correlated with the soil organic C content, which indicated that these properties vary together in the system.

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Nutrient losses by water erosion

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162003000300025 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 581-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Ildegardis Bertol ◽

Eloy Lemos Mello ◽

Jean Cláudio Guadagnin ◽

Almir Luis Vedana Zaparolli ◽

Marcos Roberto Carrafa

Keyword(s):

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Management Systems ◽

Soluble Form ◽

No Tillage ◽

Nutrient Losses ◽

Natural Pasture ◽

Calcium And Magnesium ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

Water erosion causes soil degradation, which is closely related to nutrient losses either in, the soluble form or adsorbed to soil particles, depending mainly on the adopted soil management system. This study was carried out in São José do Cerrito, SC, Brazil, between March 2000 and June 2001. The objective was to quantify available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium losses in water erosion obtained with simulated rainfall in the following soil management systems: conventional tillage with no-crop (bare soil) (BS), conventional tillage with soybean (CT), reduced tillage with soybean (RT), no tillage with soybean on a desiccated and burned natural pasture (DBNP), and no tillage with soybean on a desiccated natural pasture (DNP). A rotating boom rainfall simulator was used to perform three rainfall tests with constant intensity of 64 mm h-1 and sufficient duration to reach constant runoff rate, on a clayey-loam, well-structured Typic Hapludox, with an average slope of 0.18 m m-1. The first test was carried out five days before soybean emergence and the second and third at 30 and 60 days, respectively. The nutrient concentration in water and total losses of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher under CT than in the other soil management systems.

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Effect of soil management on the white grub population and damage in soybean

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2000000500004 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 887-894 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

LENITA JACOB OLIVEIRA ◽

CLARA BEATRIZ HOFFMANN-CAMPO ◽

MARIA ALICE GARCIA

Keyword(s):

Larval Mortality ◽

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

No Tillage ◽

White Grub ◽

Primary Tillage ◽

Moldboard Plow

To evaluate the effect of soil management systems on population of white grubs, (Phyllophaga cuyabana Moser), and on its damage in soybean, experiments were set up under no-tillage and conventional tillage (one disk plow, and a leveling disk harrow) areas. Primary tillage equipment, used in other soil management systems, such as moldboard plow, disk plow, chisel plow and heavy duty disk harrow were also tested. Fluctuation of P. cuyabana population and the extent of its damage to soybean was similar under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. Results comparing a range of primary tillage equipment showed that it affected soil insect populations differently, depending on the time during the season in which tillage was executed. Larval mortality could mostly be attributed to their exposure to adverse factors, soon after tillage, than to changes in soil conditions. Reduction of white grub population was more evident in plots managed by heavier equipment, such as the moldboard plow. Soil tillage could be one component within the soil pest management system in soybean, however, its use can not be generalized.

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Carbon stocks in organic matter fractions as affected by land use and soil management, with emphasis on no-tillage effect

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782002000300006 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 401-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Cimélio Bayer ◽

Deborah Pinheiro Dick ◽

Genicelli Mafra Ribeiro ◽

Klaus Konrad Scheuermann

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

Forest Site ◽

No Tillage ◽

C Stocks ◽

Tillage System ◽

Organic Matter Fractions

Land use and soil management may affect both labile and humified soil organic matter (SOM) fractions, but the magnitude of these changes is poorly known in subtropical environments. This study investigated effects of four land use and soil management systems (forest, native pasture, and conventional tillage and no-tillage in a wheat/soybean succession) on (i) total soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks (0 to 250mm depth) and on (ii) carbon (C) stocks in labile (coarse, light) and humified (mineral-associated, humic substances) SOM fractions (0 to 25mm depth), in a Hapludox soil from southern Brazil. In comparison to the adjacent forest site, conventionally tilled soil presented 36% (46.2Mg ha-1) less SOC in the 0 to 250mm depth and a widespread decrease in C stocks in all SOM fractions in the 0 to 25mm depth. The coarse (>53 mum) and light (<1kg dm-3) SOM fractions were the most affected under no-tillage, showing 393% (1.22Mg C ha-1) and 289% (0.55Mg C ha-1) increases, respectively, in relation to conventional tillage. Similar results were observed for mineral-associated SOM and humic substance C pools (34% and 38% increases, respectively) under no-tillage. Compared with labile SOM fraction results, the percentual increments on C stocks in humified fractions were smaller; but in absolute terms this C pool yielded the highest increases (3.06 and 2.95Mg C ha-1, respectively). These results showed that both labile and humified organic matter are better protected under the no-tillage system, and consequently less vulnerable to mineralization. Humified SOM stabilization process involving interactions with variable charge minerals is probably important in maintaining and restoring soil and environmental quality in tropical and subtropical regions.

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Soil Physical Attributes in Long-Term Soil Management Systems (Tillage and No-till)

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n4p194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 194

Author(s):

Venâncio Rodrigues e Silva ◽

José Luiz Rodrigues Torres ◽

Danyllo Denner de Almeida Costa ◽

Bruna de Souza Silveira ◽

Dinamar Márcia da Silva Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Management ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

Root Penetration ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System ◽

Physical Attributes

The period of implantation of the no-tillage system (NTS) is a fundamental factor to the dimension of the changes that occur to the soil's physical, chemical and biological attributes. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the soil changes to the physical attributes and correlate the results to the soil organic matter in areas of different long-term soil management. The study was set as a completely randomised design, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, with four management systems [5 years NTS (NTS5); 17 years NTS (NTS17); conventional tillage system for 20 years (CTS20); native area (NA)], and four soil depths (0-0.05, 0.05-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.4 m), with five repetitions. Soil mechanical resistance to root penetration (RP), bulk density (SD), volumetric moisture (VM), macro (Ma), microporosity (Mi) and total porosity (TP), and the aggregation parameters were evaluated. The CTS20, NTS5 and NTS17 presented superior SD in the most superficial soil layers, which was not yet causing resistance to root development. The SD was the only physical attribute that correlated significantly with all the other soil attributes evaluated, indicating the importance of such attribute to evaluate soil quality to crops. The soil physical attributes found in the Cerrado native area followed the sequence of similarities: no-tillage system with 17 years (most similar), with five years and the conventional tillage system (less similar). The changes caused by the anthropic activity in the soil's physical attributes are more pronounced and perceptible in soil depths up to 0.2 m.

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Soil organic matter as affected by management systems, phosphate fertilization, and cover crops

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900067 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 1668-1676 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Géssica Pereira de Souza ◽

Cícero Célio de Figueiredo ◽

Djalma Martinhão Gomes de Sousa

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

No Tillage ◽

Phosphate Fertilization ◽

Humic Fractions

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil management systems, cover crops, and phosphate fertilization on soil humic fractions in a long-term experiment. The treatments consisted of conventional tillage and no-tillage with pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) or velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima) as cover crops, at two doses of phosphorous: 0 and 100 kg ha-1 P2O5 per year. Soil samples were taken 11 years after the establishment of the experiment and analyzed for soil total organic carbon and carbon content of humic fractions at 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20-m depths. The humic fractions are sensitive to soil management, except free fulvic acid, which was the only one that did not reduce its carbon contents on the surface layer (0.00-0.05 m) with conventional tillage. The main changes occurred on the soil surface layer, in which the no-tillage system with pearl millet as a cover crop provided the highest carbon levels in humic fractions. Long-term phosphate fertilization under no-tillage, with pearl millet as a cover crop, promotes the accumulation of organic carbon in soil humic fractions.

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Application of x-ray computed tomography in the evaluation of soil porosity in soil management systems

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162014000600012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1162-1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José M. G. Beraldo ◽

Francisco de A. Scannavino Junior ◽

Paulo E. Cruvinel

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

Soil Porosity ◽

Native Forest ◽

No Tillage ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

X Ray ◽

Percentile Method

The study aimed to evaluate a methodology to quantify the porosity of the soil using computed tomography in areas under no-tillage, conventional tillage and native forest. Three soil management systems were selected for the study: forest, conventional tillage and no-tillage. In each soil management system, undisturbed soil samples were collected in the surface layer (0.0 to 0.10 m). The tomographic images were obtained using a X-ray microtomography. After obtaining the images, they were processed, and a methodology was evaluated for image conversion into numerical values. The statistical method which provided the greatest accuracy was the percentile method. The methodology used to analyze the tomographic image allowed quantifying the porosity of the soil under different soil management. The method enabled the characterization of soil porosity in a non-evasive and non-destructive way.

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Water erosion under simulated rainfall in different soil management systems during soybean growth

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162007000200013 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 187-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fernando Luis Engel ◽

Ildegardis Bertol ◽

Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽

Neroli Pedro Cogo

Keyword(s):

Crop Residue ◽

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

No Tillage ◽

Simulated Rainfall ◽

Cultivated Soil ◽

Soil Losses

Soil management influences soil cover by crop residues and plant canopy, affecting water erosion. The objective of this research was to quantify water and soil losses by water erosion under different soil tillage systems applied on a typical aluminic Hapludox soil, in an experiment carried out from April 2003 to May 2004, in the Santa Catarina highland region, Lages, southern Brazil. Simulated rainfall was applied during five soybean cropstages, at the constant intensity of 64.0 mm h-1. Treatments were replicated twice and consisted of: i) conventional tillage on bare soil - control treatment (CTBS), ii) conventional tillage on cultivated soil (CTCS), iii) no-tillage on non tilled soil with burned crop residue (NTRB), iv) no-tillage in non tilled soil with crop residue desiccated (NTRD), and v) no-tillage on four-years interrupted soil tillage with crop residue desiccated - "traditional no tillage" (NTRT). Regardless of soybean cropstages, water losses were the highest for the CTCS than for the untilled soils, while soil losses were considerably higher in the CTCS treatment only until cropstage 3, in cultivated soil treatments. The NTRT was most effective treatment in terms of both water and soil loss reduction. Water infiltration should also be considered, when considering the soil erosion process caused by rainfall and its associated runoff, due to the management systems usually adopted in cultivated fields.

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Comparison of soil CO2 emissions from three different tillage methods on chernozem soil

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-14675 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Márton Dencső ◽

Ágota Horel ◽

Zsófia Bakacsi ◽

Eszter Tóth

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Chernozem Soil ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

The Difference ◽

Tillage Methods

Tillage practices influence soil CO2 emissions, hence many research investigate the long-term effects of conservation and conventional tillage methods e.g. ploughing and no-tillage on soil greenhouse gas emission.The experiment site is an 18-years-old long-term tillage trial established on chernozem soil. During 2020, we took weekly CO2 emission measurements in the mouldboard ploughing (MP), no-tillage (NT), and shallow cultivation (SC) treatments Tillage depth was 26-30 cm, 12-16 cm and 0 cm in the cases of MP, SC and NT respectively. The experiment was under wither oat cultivation.We investigated the similarity in the CO2 emission trends of SC to MP or NT treatments. Besides CO2 emission measurements, we also monitored environmental parameters such as soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (SWC) in each treatment.During the investigated year (2020 January - December) SC had higher annual mean CO2 emission (0.115&#177;0.083 mg m-2 s-1) compared to MP (0.099&#177;0.089 mg m-2 s-1) and lower compared to NT (0.119&#177;0.100 mg m-2 s-1). The difference of the CO2 emissions was significant between SC and MP (p<0.05); however, it was not significant between SC and NT (p>0.05) treatments. The Ts dependency of CO2 emission was moderate in all treatments. CO2 emissions were moderately depended on SWC in MP and SC, and there was no correlation between these parameters in NT.The annual mean CO2 emission of the SC treatment was more similar to the NT, than to the MP treatment.

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Distribution and vertical stratification of carbon and nitrogen in soil under different managements in the pampean region of Argentina

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832011000600015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1985-1994 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carina Rosa Álvarez ◽

Alejandro Oscar Costantini ◽

Alfredo Bono ◽

Miguel Ángel Taboada ◽

Flavio Hernán Gutiérrez Boem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Layer ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C ◽

C Storage ◽

C Pools ◽

No Till ◽

Total Organic C

One of the expected benefits of no-tillage systems is a higher rate of soil C sequestration. However, higher C retention in soil is not always apparent when no-tillage is applied, due e.g., to substantial differences in soil type and initial C content. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of no-tillage management to increase the stock of total organic C in soils of the Pampas region in Argentina. Forty crop fields under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems and seven undisturbed soils were sampled. Total organic C, total N, their fractions and stratification ratios and the C storage capacity of the soils under different managements were assessed in samples to a depth of 30 cm, in three layers (0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm). The differences between the C pools of the undisturbed and cultivated soils were significant (p < 0.05) and most pronounced in the top (0-5 cm) soil layer, with more active C near the soil surface (undisturbed > no-tillage > conventional tillage). Based on the stratification ratio of the labile C pool (0-5/5-15 cm), the untilled were separated from conventionally tilled areas. Much of the variation in potentially mineralizable C was explained by this active C fraction (R² = 0.61) and by total organic C (R² = 0.67). No-till soils did not accumulate more organic C than conventionally tilled soils in the 0-30 cm layer, but there was substantial stratification of total and active C pools at no till sites. If the C stratification ratio is really an indicator of soil quality, then the C storage potential of no-tillage would be greater than in conventional tillage, at least in the surface layers. Particulate organic C and potentially mineralizable C may be useful to evaluate variations in topsoil organic matter.

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