scholarly journals Critical values of nitrogen indices in tomato plants grown in soil and nutrient solution determined by different statistical procedures

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1421-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Cezar Rezende Fontes ◽  
Cláudio Pagotto Ronchi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Petiole Sap

The objective of this study was to establish critical values of the N indices, namely soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), petiole sap N-NO3 and organic N in the tomato leaf adjacent to the first cluster (LAC), under soil and nutrient solution conditions, determined by different statistical approaches. Two experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design with four repli-cations. Tomato plants were grown in soil, in 3 L pot, with five N rates (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg kg-1) and in solution at N rates of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 mmol L-1. Experiments in nutrient solution and soil were finished at thirty seven and forty two days after transplanting, respectively. At those times, SPAD index and petiole sap N-NO3 were evaluated in the LAC. Then, plants were harvested, separated in leaves and stem, dried at 70ºC, ground and weighted. The organic N was determined in LAC dry matter. Three statistical procedures were used to calculate critical N values. There were accentuated discrepancies for critical values of N indices obtained with plants grown in soil and nutrient solution as well as for different statistical procedures. Critical values of nitrogen indices at all situations are presented.

scholarly journals VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF VEGETABLE AMARANTH AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 733c-733
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Whitehead ◽  
Bharat P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Successful Production

Influences of nitrogen (N) rate were evaluated on vegetable amaranth. Amaranthus tricolor, grown at uniform populations over two year. The main objective was to determine an optimum level of N fertilization for successful production in middle Georgia. In 1992 and 1993 accession `RRC 241' was planted in randomized complete block design on June 19 and 23, respectively. Four N rates, equally split were evaluated: 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha-1. First of the applications were 18 and 13 days post planting for 1992 and 1993, and again when plants were 5 weeks old. Plants were harvested 48 days after planting with green yield, leaf fresh weight. and stem fresh weight collected in both years and leaf area for 1993. In years 1992 and 1993 green yields were 5.3 and 6.5, 10.7 and 9.0. 13.2 and 12.1, and 13.5 and 14.0 Mg ha-1. respectively for the 0, 45, 90, and 135 rates. In both years vegetative components showed significant regression for all treatments. Vegetative response (R2) for green yield in 1992 and 1993 was quadratic (85%) and linear (73%), leaf fresh weight in both years was cubic (63% and 48%), while stem fresh weight response was linear (29%) and cubic (72%). During 1993 leaf area was linear (58%). Non-significance predominantly occurred between the two higher rates for each year and when combined. indicating that 90 kg N ha-1 should provide optimal production of amaranth for the middle Georgia region.

scholarly journals Effects of Varying Sulfate Concentrations on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of the Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 769C-769
Author(s):  
J. Lopez ◽  
L.E. Parent ◽  
N. Tremblay ◽  
A. Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

In hydroponic recirculating systems, sulfate ions can accumulate to excessive levels and interfere with other nutrient ions. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of four sulfate concentrations on growth and mineral nutrition of greenhouse tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Trust). Tomato seeds were sown in flats and subsequently transplanted into rockwool slabs. Ten days after transplanting, plants were given four sulfate concentrations in nutrient solutions (S0 = 0.1, S1 = 5.2, S2 = 10.4, and S4 = 20.8 mM). The plots were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with four replications. Treatment S0 reduced dry weight of the top portion of the plant. A sulfate shortage in the nutrient solution decreased S concentrations in the leaf and decreased fruit number. Activities and concentrations of major ions in solutions expressed in mM or as row-centered logratios were correlated with corresponding foliar concentrations expressed in grams of nutrient per kilogram of dry matter or as row-centered logratios. Data were presented in this manner in order to explore interactive models describing relationships between mineral composition of both nutrient solutions and plant tissues. High concentrations of sulfate ions in the nutrient solution up to 20.8 mM did not affect tomato growth or yield. Tomato plants appeared prone to sulfate deficiency, but tolerant to sulfate concentrations up to 20.8 mM in the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals The retranslocation of boron is influenced by the nutritional status of cherry tomato plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denison Queiroz Pogorzelski ◽  
Daniel Teixeira Pinheiro ◽  
Vanessa De Queiroz ◽  
Jaqueline do Carmo Alexandre ◽  
Arlindo Ferreira de Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Phloem Mobility ◽  
Localized Form

Boron (B) retranslocation may confer greater tolerance to B deficiency or toxicity, resulting in plants and fruits with better nutritional quality. Most plants do not demonstrate phloem mobility for B; however, some plants have natural mobility and others express it under stress conditions, such as nutritional stress. Therefore, we investigated the phloem mobility of B in cherry tomato plants with different nutritional status. The plants were cultivated in nutrient solution with adequate and insufficient doses of Potassium (K) and B. Furthermore, the plants received foliar fertilization with B in a mature leaf (F) in a localized form. The B content and amount in leaves near F were compared with leaves of the same age and position on control plants. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment and conducted in a randomized complete block design in a subdivided plot scheme with four replicates. Re-translocation of B between neighboring leaves was observed when the plant was without K deficiency and with B deficiency. In this nutritional status, leaves next to fertilized leaf with B (F) showed higher B amount when compared to leaves of the same position of control plants. Evidence suggests that retranslocation of B over relatively short distances (between leaves) can be influenced by the nutritional status the cherry tomato plants.

scholarly journals Performance of soybean grown in succession to black oat and wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Julio Cezar Franchini dos Santos ◽  
Henrique Debiasi ◽  
Antônio Eduardo Coelho ◽  
Moryb Jorge Lima da Costa Sapucay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of isolated or combined roots and straw of black oat and wheat, as previous crops in autumn/winter, on the performance of soybean in succession. The experiment was carried out in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The following seven treatments were applied in the autumn/winter of 2017 and 2018, before soybean planting: fallow; straw of black oat or wheat, distributed on plots kept under fallow during autumn/winter, without roots; plots only with roots of black oat or wheat, without straw; and plots with straw and roots of black oat or wheat. Soybean crop performance was estimated using the following variables: plant density, leaf area index, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index, shoot dry matter, grain yield, and yield components. In comparison with fallow, the cultivation of black oat or wheat, as previous crops during the autumn/winter, increases soybean grain yield. The impact of the roots of black oat or wheat on soybean yield is similar to that of straw. Soybean agronomic performance is improved in the combined presence of roots and straw of black oat or wheat.

Agronomic and Bromatological Traits of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã as Affected by Nitrogen Rates and Cutting Heights

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anne Caroline Dallabrida Avelino ◽  
Dayana Aparecida De Faria ◽  
Sarah Penso ◽  
Daniel de Oliveira Souza Lima ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

This study aimed to evaluate the bromatological traits of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã submitted to different cutting heights and nitrogen (N) rates. A randomized complete block design with sixteen treatments and four replications was used. The treatments arranged in 4x4 factorial arrangement, comprised four cutting heights (8, 16, 24 and 32 cm) and nitrogen rates (0, 100, 200, 300 kg N ha-1). N rates were applied after a standardization cutting. Agronomic traits comprised number of tillers, dry mass, leaf blade pseudocolus ratio and amount of senescent material. Bromatological traits of morphological components leaf blade and pseudostem comprised crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and mineral matter (MM). In the first and second cuttings, maximum yields were obtained at 16 and 32 cm cutting heights combined with N rates of 180.5 and 230.5 kg ha-1, respectively. No interaction was observed between N rates and cutting heights. It was concluded that 16 and 24 cm cutting heights combined with N rates of 200 and 300 kg ha-1 improved agronomic and bromatological traits of Brachiaria with a better efficiency in pasture system.

scholarly journals Spad value varies with age and leaf of maize plant and its relationship with grain yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Prasad Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Phase Data

Abstract Objectives A field experiment was conducted to evaluate Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value in different age and leaf of maize hybrid and correlating with grain yield. Ten maize hybrids were replicated thricely under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) during winter of 2018. SPAD value was measured by SPAD 502 plus meter. At 30 days interval during vegetative stage SPAD measurement were taken from T1 (top most leaf) and T3 (2nd leaf from top leaf) leaves of five randomly selected plants from one plot and they were averaged. For reproductive phase data taken from eo (leaf attached to ear) and e2 (2nd leaf from eo leaf) leaves at 10 days intervals. Same leaves were used for entire data collection. Results Significantly different SPAD value was observed for different age and leaves of maize during pre and post anthesis. SPAD value increase with increase in age and decrease at the time of maturity. During vegetative phase T3 leaves has more SPAD value than T1. During reproductive stage eo leaves had more SPAD than e2 leaves, so center leaf of maize contributes more to grain yield. Correlation showed that there is strong positive correlation between different stage of SPAD with grain yield.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters and selection indexes for biofortified red leaf lettuce

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joicy Vitória Miranda Peixoto ◽  
Gabriel Mascarenhas Maciel ◽  
Rafael Resende Finzi ◽  
Lucas Medeiros Pereira ◽  
Ana Carolina Silva Siquieroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Selection Indexes ◽  
Leaf Lettuce

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the genetic parameters and the efficiency of different selection indices for biofortified red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) lines with agronomic and nutritional potential. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and 31 crisp-textured and red-tinted leaf lettuce genotypes: the Belíssima cultivar, with a low carotenoid content and rich in anthocyanins; and 30 lines from the cross between the Belíssima and Uberlândia 10000 cultivars, rich in carotenoids and with a low anthocyanin content. The assessed traits were: total green mass (g), stem diameter (cm), leaf count, plant diameter (cm), foliar temperature (°C), soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index, anthocyanin content (mg 100 g-1 sample), and bolting (days after sowing). To estimate selection gains, 12 genotypes were selected through selection indices. The traditional index proposed by Smith & Hazel and the sum of ranks index by Mulamba & Mock provided the highest selection gains in the biofortified lettuce. The coefficient of genotypic determination for leaf count, anthocyanin content, bolting, and SPAD index is of high magnitude.

scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus and Trichoderma species in the management of the bacterial wilt of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) in the field

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline K. Kariuki ◽  
Eunice W. Mutitu ◽  
William M. Muiru
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Abstract Background Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating diseases in tomato cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bacillus and Trichoderma isolates to manage the bacterial wilt disease. Main body of the abstract Field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design at Mwea and Kabete sites in Kenya. The treatments included 3 Trichoderma; 2 Bacillus isolates; a mixture of T1, T2, and T4; chemical standard; and distilled water as control. Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates were grown on sterilized sorghum grain and cow manure carriers respectively. Antagonist’s inoculation was carried out by dipping tomato plants for 30 min in each treatment suspension. Each treatment was then applied at a rate of 150 ml/plant hole and this was repeated after 35 days. All the treatments significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence and severity at P ≤ 0.05 than the control at both sites. Trichoderma isolate T1, followed by Bacillus isolate CB64, was the best in reducing the disease incidence by more than 61.66 and 53%, respectively at both sites. Treatment CB64 and T1 had the highest reduction of R. solanacearum population in the soil by 93.17 and 92.07%, respectively. However, control had a pathogen increase of 20.40%. CB64 and T1 performed significantly better compared to the standard, while the mixture of isolates T1, T2, and T4 performed the poorest in all parameters. The treatments also increased the yield of tomato. Short conclusion Results from this study showed that Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates are effective biological control agents for use in management of bacterial wilt.

(Coriandrum sativum)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 494a-494
Author(s):  
J.P. Morales-Payan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Plastic Containers

Treatment with short-chain alcohols such as methanol and ethanol have been found to stimulate the performance of a number of crops. Container experiments were conducted in the Dominican Republic to determine the effect of methanol and nitrogen (N) treatments on the yield of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum). Plants were individually grown in plastic containers (15 × 15 cm) filled with loamy clay soil (4.3% organic matter) fertilized at planting with 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg N/ha. Methanol was sprayed in aqueous solutions (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15 %) when plants reached the three true leaf stage. A randomized complete-block design with a factorial arrangement and five replications was utilized. Cilantro plants were harvested 40 days after emergence and shoot fresh and dry weight were determined. Resulting data was subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. No significant nitrogen and methanol interactions were detected. In the range of rates tested in this study, methanol did not significantly influence cilantro shoot fresh or dry weight. Cilantro yields increased when N rates were increased from 20 to 40 kg per ha, reaching a plateau at higher N rates.

scholarly journals Selected Insecticides for Corn Earworm Control in ‘Holladay’ Soybean in Virginia, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-235
Author(s):  
G. F. Chappell ◽  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Small Plot

Abstract Efficacy of selected insecticides, with and without adjuvants, was evaluated against CEW in soybean. Double-crop ‘Holladay’ soybean was planted in 15-inch rows on 29 Jun. Treatments were applied on 31 Aug with water using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 12.0 gpa at 18 psi through 8002VS fiat fan nozzles spaced 18 inches apart on the spray boom. A randomized complete block design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 10 ft by 30 ft. Treatments were evaluated 1 h before and 2 and 6 DAT by comparing numbers of larvae using a rigid beat cloth sampling technique. Percent pod damage was determined 9 DAT by randomly selecting 3 plants from the center rows of each plot and recording the number of damaged pods. Yield was determined by combining the 3 center rows of each plot (97.5 row ft) using an Almaco small-plot combine. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.

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