scholarly journals Heterosis in crosses among white grain maize populations with high quality protein

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Costa Rodrigues ◽  
Lázaro José Chaves ◽  
Cleso Antônio Patto Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Normal Equation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
White Grain

The objective of this work was to investigate heterosis and its components in 16 white grain maize populations presenting high quality protein. These populations were divided according to grain type in order to establish different heterosis groups. The crosses were carried out according to a partial diallel cross design among flint and dent populations. Seven agronomic traits were evaluated in three environments while four leaf diseases and incidence of corn stunt were evaluated in one. Least square procedure was applied to the normal equation X'Xbeta = X'Y, to estimate the model effects and their respective sum of squares. Among the heterosis components, in diallel analysis, significance for average heterosis in grain yield, number of days to female flowering and to all evaluated diseases was detected. Specific heterosis was significant for days to female flowering and resistance to Puccinia polysora. Results concerned to grain yield trait indicate that populations with superior performance in dent group, no matter what flint population group is used in crosses, tend to generate superior intervarietal hybrids. In decreasing order of preference, the dent type populations CMS 476, ZQP/B 103 and ZQP/B 101 and the flint type CMS 461, CMS 460, ZQP/B 104 and ZQP/B 102 are recommended to form composites.

scholarly journals Trait-QTL-heritability of grain yield and other agronomic traits under low nitrogen conditions in bi-parental maize populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 096-116
Author(s):  
Collins Kimutai ◽  
Manje Gowda ◽  
Oliver Kiplagat
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Solution Mapping ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

Limited or low Nitrogen is a wanting abiotic stress in maize mainly in Sub-Sahara Africa, affecting yields and quality development of maize crop. As an approach to getting a breeding solution; mapping of QTLs and understanding the heritability factor can provide useful information and guide for breeders in developing low nitrogen resilient maize. QTL mapping which is a molecular breeding component forms an actual basis in estimation of genomic regions associated to the expression of quantitative traits, and how heritable are such traits. Conducting a selection for Low N-tolerance is challenging due to its complex nature with strong interaction between genotypes and environments; therefore, marker assisted breeding is key to improving such complex traits, but at the same time requires markers associated with the trait of interest. In this study, three bi-parental populations were subjected to either or both low and optimum N conditions to detect and determine the QTLs heritability for grain yield and other agronomic traits. Essential to the study; genotype by environmental interaction, significance and heritability was examined for each population with most traits expressing low (<0.2) and moderate to high heritabilities (0.3>). These QTLs with high heritabilities across environments will be of great value for rapid introgression into maize populations using marker assisted selection approach. The study was a preliminary and therefore require further validation on heritability and fine mapping for them to be useful in MAS.

scholarly journals Agro-nutritional variations of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Omolaran Bello ◽  
Odunayo Olawuyi ◽  
Sunday Ige ◽  
Jimoh Mahamood ◽  
Micheal Afolabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nutritional Qualities

Quality protein maize (QPM) combining the enhanced levels of lysine and tryptophan with high grain yield and desirable agronomic traits could reduce food insecurity and malnutrition in West and Central Africa. Twenty-two varieties of QPM and two local checks were evaluated for agronomic characteristics and nutritional qualities in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria for two years (2009 and 2010). Though crude protein levels are good indicators of quality, amino acid composition analyses, especially lysine and tryptophan that would provide a final proof are in progress. The genotypes comprised five open pollinated varieties (OPVs), nine inbred lines, eight hybrids and two local varieties. Differences among the varieties were significant (P<0.01) for grain yield, days to tasselling as well as plant and ear heights, while year x variety interaction was only significant (P<0.05) for days to tasselling. Most of the QPM inbred lines (CML 437, CML 490 CML 178) and hybrids (Dada-ba, ART98-SW5-OB, ART98-SW4- OB and TZPB-OB) have superior performance for grain yield, other yield attributes and nutritional qualities compared with the OPVs and local checks. These inbreds could be potential sources of favorable alleles useful for future maize breeding, while the hybrids could be evaluated in different environments of Nigeria for comparative advantages in different environments and quality of the grains to be released to farmers.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of maize populations divergently selected for diferulate cross-linkage

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 1270-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SANTIAGO ◽  
J. BARROS-RIOS ◽  
A. ALVAREZ ◽  
R. A. MALVAR
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Borers ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Grain Moisture

SUMMARYThe direct response of a divergent selection programme for total cell wall ester-linked diferulate concentration in maize pith stalk tissues and its indirect effect on cell wall degradability and corn borer resistance have been previously evaluated. Since increased total diferulate concentration is expected to improve crop performance in response to corn borers, the objective of the present research was to evaluate the indirect response of the divergent selection for diferulates on agronomic traits under corn borer infestation. For this purpose, five maize populations with contrasting total diferulate concentrations were evaluated four environments for performance under protected and infested conditions. Measured traits were: days to anthesis, days to silking, plant height, stalk lodging, grain moisture at harvest and grain yield. High diferulate populations showed a significant reduction in anthesis (precocity), and were 11 cm taller than the starting population, while low diferulate populations were 9 cm shorter, and showed nearly 1 t/ha lower grain yield than the original and high diferulate populations. The analysis showed that cycles of selection were positively correlated with flowering, plant height and grain yield. The infestations with borers produced >1 t/ha of reduction in grain yield; although the higher diferulate populations showed a better performance under infestation than the low diferulate populations. This positive effect on the grain yield by increasing diferulate content can be considered an extra in order to breed for resistance to corn borers.

scholarly journals GENE ACTION AND SOME GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR GRAIN YIELD, ITS COMPONENTS AND GROWTH TRAITS OF CORN IN FULL DIALLEL CROSS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Salih Hadi Farhood AL- Salim ◽  
Dheya P. Yousif ◽  
Mahdi S. M. Alzrgani ◽  
Abbas Lateef Abdulrahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Fixed Model ◽  
Female Flowering

The objective of this study was to quantify gene action and some genetic parameters for grain yield, its components and other traits of six varietal hybrids and its parents (AM-145 (A), AM-153 (B) and AM-200 (C) obtained from Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq). All hybrids and their parental entries in full diallel cross were tested at Al-Gharraf suburb, 25 Km north of Al-Nasyria City, Iraq during fall 2013 in RCBD with three replications according to Griffing's fixed model, method for grain yield, its components and other agronomic traits. Gene action, general and specific combining abilities and broad and narrow sense heritability were estimated. Results showed significant differences among entries for almost all traits except ears/plant, and kernels weight. In addition to GCA and SCA significant variances, GCA variances were more important than SCA variances for all traits except ears/plant, which resulting the more importance of the additive genetic effects. SCA variances suggesting the importance the effects of non-additive effects for ears/plant which demonstrating entries could produce prolificacy plants. Additive genetic variances reflect its importance for all traits except female flowering and grain yield/plant. In general, the dominance degree average for all traits except grain yield/plant showed the over dominant effect and the narrow sense heritability ranged between 0.44-0.64 for female flowering and grain yield, respectively. Grain yield/plant ranged between 97.54- 68.44 g for B x A and C x B, respectively. Cytoplasmic heredity revealed its importance studying for all traits and 2GCA/SCA estimates ranged between 1.86 and 35.9 for ears/plant and female flowering, respectively. 

scholarly journals Estimación de aptitud combinatoria de líneas endogámicas y predicción de híbridos de maíz de alta calidad de proteína, Guatemala, 1988

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nery Soto León ◽  
Mario Roberto Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Hybrid Program ◽  
Tropical Lowlands

Yellow grain hybrids of high quality protein can provide a comparative advantage because carotenes found in these materials are more easily taken up compared to normal hybrids. This advantage could provide added benefits within the poultry Industry. In this study, 91 possible crosses coming from 14 endogamic lines from the CIMMYT maize hybrid program were evaluated. The single crosses demonstrated superior adaptation notable in the coastal plain of Guatemala having grain yields approaching 7.0 Mg/ha along with excellent agronomic traits, decreased ear rot and uniform plant type. Superior hybrids demonstrated increased yields (average increase of I Mg/ha) versus the best natural check. Inbred parents 2, 1 and 6 demonstrated the highest values for general combinability and they were also amongst the best specific crosses. The yield levels, agronomic characteristics and the expression of stability in the modified endosperm of the single crosses that can be used as females to produce seed for double and three way crosses, suggests anew production alternative that could enhance the use of yellow grain hybrids of high protein quality in the tropical lowlands of Guatemala.

scholarly journals Híbridos dobles de maíz formados con líneas mejoradas por selección gamética y retrocruza.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Enrique Navarro ◽  
Gustavo Burciaga ◽  
Salvador González ◽  
M. Cristina Vega ◽  
Regino Morones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
Stalk Lodging ◽  
Gamete Selection ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Double Cross

This research work includes the evaluation of 1040 double cross hybrids which were produced from single crosses improved by gamete and backcross procedures. Single hybrids were crossed with five testers. The yield trials were carried out during 1991 at Gómez Palacio, Durango, México, and the goals were as follows: 1) To evaluate the performance of double cross hybrids and 2) To determine the main agronomic traits on the observed variation. For grain yield, the double cross hybrids formed with single crosses improved by gamete selection performed better than those obtained by backross whose yields were adobe 11,6 t/ha (23% with respect to the best backcross genotype). The outstanding yields observed across the gamete procedure are probably due to the low percentage of rot ers. On the controry, the single crosses improved by backcross procedure showed early to flower, short height and had less problems ofboth root and stalk lodging. The best testers were AN258-18-19 x MLS4-1 and the AN 232 x 255- 18-19 when crossed with some single crosses yield more than 14 t/ha. It is import to mention that the outstanding grain yields were associated with values of general combining ability with the gamete selection. Finally, the multivariate analysis showed that two-thirds of the observed variation in the double cross hybrids was given by grain yield and clean grain yield, plant and ear height, male and female flowering.

scholarly journals Heterosis for oil content in maize populations andhybrids of high quality protein

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Oliveira ◽  
L.J. Chaves ◽  
J.B. Duarte ◽  
K.O. Ribeiro ◽  
E.M. Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
High Quality Protein

Yield performance with heritability measurements of half sib families obtained from maize variety Azam

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Faizan Mahmood, Hidayat- Ur-Rahman, Nazir Ahmad ◽  
Fahim-ul- Haq ◽  
Samrin Gul, Quaid Hussain ◽  
Ammara Khalid ◽  
Touheed Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Sib Families

This study evaluated the performance of 64 half sib families (HSF) derived from “Azam” variety of maize using partially balanced lattice square design with two replications. Data were recorded on grain yield and other agronomic traits. Observations showed difference in half-sib families for studied traits. Among the 64 half-sib families, minimum days to 50% tasseling (51 days) were observed for HS-49 while maximum (57 days) for HS-63. Minimum days to 50% silking (56 days) were counted for HS-6 while maximum (63 days) for HS-23. Minimum days to 50% anthesis (55 days) were counted for HS-1 and HS-6 while maximum (62 days) for HS-23. Similarly, minimum ASI (-2 days) were observed in HS-1, HS-15, HS-16, HS-28 and HS-63 while maximum (2 days) in HS-48. Minimum (60 cm) ear height was recorded for HS-11 and maximum (93.5 cm) for HS-28. Minimum fresh ear weight (1.3 kg) was weighted for HS-17 while maximum (3.2 kg) for HS-21. Grain moisture was recorded minimum (19.35 %) for HS-19 and maximum (31.25%) for HS-2. HS-42 showed minimum (28 g) 100 kernel weight while HS-5 showed maximum (47 g). Grain yield was minimum (2323 kg ha-1) for HS-17 and maximum (5742 kg ha-1) for HS-21. Maximum heritability estimate (0.92) was recorded for fresh ear weight, while minimum (0.41) was observed for ear height.

Performance Evaluation of Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Common bean Genotypes at Yabello and Abaya, Southern Ethiopia

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Ejigu Ejara, Wassu Mohammed, Berhanu Amsalu ◽  
Zinash Misgana, Mulatu Gabisa, Ganane Tasama
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Borana Zone ◽  
Home Consumption

Common bean is among the major crops grown in southern Ethiopia including Borana zone where the majority of the farmers are Agro-pastoralist and produce the crop mainly for home consumption. The area has potential to the production of common bean for food and nutrition security as well as export commodity. However, scarcity of varieties that fit to the environment is one of the major constraints of production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate 36 common bean genotypes including seven released varieties to evaluate performance of genotypes for yield and agronomic traits. The field experiment was conducted in 2015 at two locations (Abaya and Yabello) and genotypes were planted in triple lattice design. Data were collected on yield and important agronomic traits. Analysis of variance computed for individual locations and combined analysis over locations revealed significant variations among genotypes for all traits. Moreover, 16.67% of the genotypes had mean grain yield greater than the best performing released variety across locations and the genotypes showed a grain yield as high as 3.25 tons ha-1. Based on results of this study it is recommended to test the high yielding and early maturing genotypes at many locations to develop preferred varieties across many locations.

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