scholarly journals Agronomic performance of maize populations divergently selected for diferulate cross-linkage

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 1270-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SANTIAGO ◽  
J. BARROS-RIOS ◽  
A. ALVAREZ ◽  
R. A. MALVAR
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Borers ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Grain Moisture

SUMMARYThe direct response of a divergent selection programme for total cell wall ester-linked diferulate concentration in maize pith stalk tissues and its indirect effect on cell wall degradability and corn borer resistance have been previously evaluated. Since increased total diferulate concentration is expected to improve crop performance in response to corn borers, the objective of the present research was to evaluate the indirect response of the divergent selection for diferulates on agronomic traits under corn borer infestation. For this purpose, five maize populations with contrasting total diferulate concentrations were evaluated four environments for performance under protected and infested conditions. Measured traits were: days to anthesis, days to silking, plant height, stalk lodging, grain moisture at harvest and grain yield. High diferulate populations showed a significant reduction in anthesis (precocity), and were 11 cm taller than the starting population, while low diferulate populations were 9 cm shorter, and showed nearly 1 t/ha lower grain yield than the original and high diferulate populations. The analysis showed that cycles of selection were positively correlated with flowering, plant height and grain yield. The infestations with borers produced >1 t/ha of reduction in grain yield; although the higher diferulate populations showed a better performance under infestation than the low diferulate populations. This positive effect on the grain yield by increasing diferulate content can be considered an extra in order to breed for resistance to corn borers.

scholarly journals Relationships between Stalk Resistance and Corn Borers, Agronomic Traits, and Cell Wall Hydroxycinnamates in a Set of Recombinant Inbred Lines from a Maize MAGIC Population

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Ana López-Malvar ◽  
Zoila Reséndiz ◽  
Rogelio Santiago ◽  
José Cruz Jiménez-Galindo ◽  
Rosa Ana Malvar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Borers ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Magic Population

Corn borers are the most important pest affecting maize. Resistance to corn borer attack may compromise plant fitness being detrimental for some important agronomic traits such as yield. Against the attack of this pest, cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamates have been previously described as a possible defense mechanism. In this study, agronomic characterization and cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamates quantification was performed in a subset of Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) from a Multiparent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) population that showed contrasting behavior against corn borer attack. Resistant lines showed greater concentration of p-coumaric acid, the only hydroxycinnamate that could have a role in the resistance in these particular materials. In addition, results indicated that resistant lines showed precocity, low grain moisture at harvest, and reduced plant height, thus, selecting for resistance may be detrimental for yield. In this way, a breeding strategy directly targeting grain yield in order to tolerate corn borer attack would be the recommended one.

Yield performance with heritability measurements of half sib families obtained from maize variety Azam

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Faizan Mahmood, Hidayat- Ur-Rahman, Nazir Ahmad ◽  
Fahim-ul- Haq ◽  
Samrin Gul, Quaid Hussain ◽  
Ammara Khalid ◽  
Touheed Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Sib Families

This study evaluated the performance of 64 half sib families (HSF) derived from “Azam” variety of maize using partially balanced lattice square design with two replications. Data were recorded on grain yield and other agronomic traits. Observations showed difference in half-sib families for studied traits. Among the 64 half-sib families, minimum days to 50% tasseling (51 days) were observed for HS-49 while maximum (57 days) for HS-63. Minimum days to 50% silking (56 days) were counted for HS-6 while maximum (63 days) for HS-23. Minimum days to 50% anthesis (55 days) were counted for HS-1 and HS-6 while maximum (62 days) for HS-23. Similarly, minimum ASI (-2 days) were observed in HS-1, HS-15, HS-16, HS-28 and HS-63 while maximum (2 days) in HS-48. Minimum (60 cm) ear height was recorded for HS-11 and maximum (93.5 cm) for HS-28. Minimum fresh ear weight (1.3 kg) was weighted for HS-17 while maximum (3.2 kg) for HS-21. Grain moisture was recorded minimum (19.35 %) for HS-19 and maximum (31.25%) for HS-2. HS-42 showed minimum (28 g) 100 kernel weight while HS-5 showed maximum (47 g). Grain yield was minimum (2323 kg ha-1) for HS-17 and maximum (5742 kg ha-1) for HS-21. Maximum heritability estimate (0.92) was recorded for fresh ear weight, while minimum (0.41) was observed for ear height.

scholarly journals Genetic control of agronomic traits in an oat population of recombinant lines

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar Cristiano Nava ◽  
Ismael Tiago de Lima Duarte ◽  
Marcelo Teixeira Pacheco ◽  
Luiz Carlos Federizzi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection

Understanding the genetic control of phenotypic traits is essential to increase the efficiency of selection for adapted, high-yielding genotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic control of nine traits of hexaploid oat. Phenotypic data were collected from a population of 162 recombinant lines derived from the cross 'UFRGS17 x UFRGS 930598-6'. For the traits plant growth habit, hairs on leaf edges and panicle type, monogenic genetic control was observed. A quantitative and/or polygenic genetic control was stated for the traits panicle weight, panicle length, vegetative cycle, plant height, test weight and grain yield. High heritability was estimated for the traits vegetative cycle (h² = 0.89) and plant height (h² = 0.79), while moderate heritability was determined for test weight (h² = 0.51) and grain yield (h² = 0.48).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Underutilized Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) Accessions using Morphological and Quality Traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nirubana ◽  
R. Ravikesavan ◽  
K. Ganesamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kodo Millet ◽  
Inflorescence Length

Background: Kodo millet is an important drought tolerant crop and has high nutritional values, dietary fiber and antioxidant properties. It has considerable production potential in marginal and low fertility soils under diverse environmental conditions. Considering the importance of the crop, it is necessary to improve the nutritional quality along with grain yield of the crop. With this background, the investigation was aimed to study the correlation and path coefficient analysis which helps to identify the promising traits for yield and quality improvement. Methods: One hundred and three kodo millet germplasm lines were evaluated for 13 morpho-agronomic and two grain nutritional traits. The crop was raised in randomized block design to select the promising genotypes and to study the association among the traits and the magnitude of direct and indirect effects for fifteen quantitative traits. Result: Based on the overall mean performance the significant genotypes were identified and found wide range of variability for different traits. Character association studies indicated that days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers, peduncle length, inflorescence length, length of the longest raceme and thumb length were significantly positive association with grain yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis revealed that inflorescence length, plant height, length of the longest raceme, flag leaf blade length and number of productive tillers exhibited high direct positive effect on grain yield. Therefore, giving importance of these traits during selections may be useful for developing nutritionally superior high yielding kodo millet genotypes.

scholarly journals Heterosis in crosses among white grain maize populations with high quality protein

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Costa Rodrigues ◽  
Lázaro José Chaves ◽  
Cleso Antônio Patto Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Normal Equation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
White Grain

The objective of this work was to investigate heterosis and its components in 16 white grain maize populations presenting high quality protein. These populations were divided according to grain type in order to establish different heterosis groups. The crosses were carried out according to a partial diallel cross design among flint and dent populations. Seven agronomic traits were evaluated in three environments while four leaf diseases and incidence of corn stunt were evaluated in one. Least square procedure was applied to the normal equation X'Xbeta = X'Y, to estimate the model effects and their respective sum of squares. Among the heterosis components, in diallel analysis, significance for average heterosis in grain yield, number of days to female flowering and to all evaluated diseases was detected. Specific heterosis was significant for days to female flowering and resistance to Puccinia polysora. Results concerned to grain yield trait indicate that populations with superior performance in dent group, no matter what flint population group is used in crosses, tend to generate superior intervarietal hybrids. In decreasing order of preference, the dent type populations CMS 476, ZQP/B 103 and ZQP/B 101 and the flint type CMS 461, CMS 460, ZQP/B 104 and ZQP/B 102 are recommended to form composites.

scholarly journals Evaluation of agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability in some popular wheat genotypes cultivated in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleman M. Al-Otayk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Days To Maturity

The present study was carried out to evaluate agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability of some wheat genotypes at Qassim region, Saudi Arabia', during 2010/11 and2011/12 seasons. Fourteen wheat genotypes including five bread wheat and nine durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotypes were evaluated for ten different yield contributing characters viz., days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, grain filling rate, plant height, number of spikes m-2, kernels spike-1, 1000-kernel weight, grain yield and straw yield. The combined analysis of variance indicated the presence of significant differences between years for most characters. The genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the characters studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. Maximum coefficient of variation was observed for number of spikes m-2 (17%), while minimum value was found for days to maturity. Four genotypes produced maximum grain yield and statistically similar, out of them two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) and the other two were durum wheat (AC-5 and BS-1). The genotypes AC-3, AC-5 and BS-1 had higher grain yield and stable in performance across seasons. The estimation of phenotypic coefficient of variation in all the traits studied was greater than those of the genotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability estimates (> 0.5) were observed for days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height, while the other characters recorded low to moderate heritability. The high GA % for plant height and days to heading (day) was accompanied by high heritability estimates, which indicated that heritability is mainly due to genetic variance. Comparatively high expected genetic advances were observed for grain yield components such as number of kernels spike-1 and 1000-kernel weight. Grain yield had the low heritability estimate with a relatively intermediate value for expected genetic advance. The results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior durum wheat genotypes for grain yield in the two seasons (AC-5 and BS-1) are clustered in group II (Fig. 2). Also, the superior two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) were in group I. Therefore, it could be future breeding program to develop new high yielding genotypes in bread and durum wheat.

scholarly journals ESTIMATING VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY, AND GENETIC ADVANCE OF RICE GENOTYPES IN MID-HILLS OF NEPAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Sashi Lamichhane ◽  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Bishwas K.C. ◽  
Sapana Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improvement Programs

<p>Rice is an essential staple food in Nepal but researches and varietal improvement programs are rarely carried out due to inadequate variability study. The field study was carried to diagnose the influence of genetic and environmental factors on yield traits to aid future rice breeding programs. Twelve genotypes were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications from July to November 2019 at the research field of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, in the hilly area of Nepal. Analysis of variance showed significant difference for days to 50% booting, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, flag leaf area, filled grains per panicle, unfilled grains per panicle, fertility percentage, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, straw yield, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and harvesting index indicating the presence of variation in genotypes. LPN BR-1615 was the most promising genotype in grain yield. The values of Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for each trait and low difference between them was found for days to 50% booting, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, grain yield, thousand-grain weight, fertility percentage, and harvesting index. Plant height, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, and grain yield showed high heritability (i.e. 93.2%, 60.5% and 92.6%, respectively) and higher genetic advance as percentage of mean (i.e. 46.5, 34.6 and 50.1, respectively) . Thus, the experiment revealed that selections favoring plant height, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, and grain yield would help in effective breeding programs of rice in future.</p>

scholarly journals Trait-QTL-heritability of grain yield and other agronomic traits under low nitrogen conditions in bi-parental maize populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 096-116
Author(s):  
Collins Kimutai ◽  
Manje Gowda ◽  
Oliver Kiplagat
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Solution Mapping ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

Limited or low Nitrogen is a wanting abiotic stress in maize mainly in Sub-Sahara Africa, affecting yields and quality development of maize crop. As an approach to getting a breeding solution; mapping of QTLs and understanding the heritability factor can provide useful information and guide for breeders in developing low nitrogen resilient maize. QTL mapping which is a molecular breeding component forms an actual basis in estimation of genomic regions associated to the expression of quantitative traits, and how heritable are such traits. Conducting a selection for Low N-tolerance is challenging due to its complex nature with strong interaction between genotypes and environments; therefore, marker assisted breeding is key to improving such complex traits, but at the same time requires markers associated with the trait of interest. In this study, three bi-parental populations were subjected to either or both low and optimum N conditions to detect and determine the QTLs heritability for grain yield and other agronomic traits. Essential to the study; genotype by environmental interaction, significance and heritability was examined for each population with most traits expressing low (<0.2) and moderate to high heritabilities (0.3>). These QTLs with high heritabilities across environments will be of great value for rapid introgression into maize populations using marker assisted selection approach. The study was a preliminary and therefore require further validation on heritability and fine mapping for them to be useful in MAS.

scholarly journals Genetic variability to improve yield and resistance to bacterial leaf blight in rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-589
Author(s):  
AK Singh ◽  
RK Singh ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
M Arya ◽  
PK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Panicle Weight

One hundred F2 and F3 single plant progenies along with their parents and the infector rows were evaluated for 13 quantitative traits to assess the genetic variability, heritability, associations and estimation of number of genes for bacterial leaf blight resistance and yield related traits. In both F2 and F3, a wide range of variability was present for all the traits, indicating considerable scope for selection. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, panicle length, panicle weight, number of effective tillers per plant and grain yield per plant. Positive and significant correlation were observed between grain yield per plant with days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, panicle weight, number of effective tillers per plant, test weight and flag leaf length in either one of the generation or in combination of both F2 and F3. Path-coefficients analysis showed that plant height, panicle length and test weight had high direct positive effect in both the F2 and F3. The estimated number of gene(s) in the segregating generations for bacterial leaf blight was 2.14 in the F2 and 0.92 in the F3 revealed that two genes were involved in the inheritance of resistance to bacterial leaf blight in F2, while only one gene in F3 due to dominance effect.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC TRAITS EVALUATION IN IRRIGATED SORGHUM IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
AMADEU REGITANO NETO ◽  
RAFAEL DANTAS DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Semi Arid

Green and dry matter production, along with grain yield and otheragronomic traits, were assessed in 44 sorghum genotypes. Two sets of genotypes were formed based on known plant height, aiming to evaluate green and dry matter production and grain yield, as well as to separate forage and grain sorghum genotypes. The evaluations were performed based on experiments with three replications, being one irrigated (drip system) in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, and the other rainfed, in Nossa Senhora da Glória, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Sowing dates were July 30, 2016, in Nossa Senhora da Glória; July 13, 2017, and October 24, 2018, in Petrolina; with 117 and 128 days from sowing to harvest, respectively. Expressive forage production was observed in genotypes EP-17 and SF-11, which exceeded 120 t ha-1. BRS 506 produced 108 t ha-1, while 13F03(1141572), P-294, P-288, 2502 x 467, BRS Ponta Negra, and SF-15 presented green matter production ranging from 94 to 98.5 t ha-1. Dry matter production was highly correlated with green matter production, and SF-11 had the best performance of 45.5 t ha-1. The observed plant height was more expressive for forage sorghum genotypes, being this trait highly correlated with the green and dry matter. The best grain yield performance reached 13.4 and 10.3 t ha-1, values observed for 9910032 and BRS Ponta Negra, respectively. The results demonstrate the full adaptability of sorghum to the semi-arid environment and the feasibility to produce roughage and grains under irrigation in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

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