scholarly journals Foraging behavior and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows grazing ryegrass pasture alone or with white clover

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Mendonça Nunes Ribeiro Filho ◽  
Jean-Louis Peyraud ◽  
Rémy Delagarde
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of pasture composition and regrowth age on the relationship between feeding behavior and ruminal fermentation in dairy cows grazing perennial ryegrass with or without white clover. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, with two sward types and two ages of regrowth. Swards of perennial ryegrass sown alone (PRG) and of perennial ryegrass mixed with white clover (GC) were evaluated. Twelve late-lactation Holstein cows, fistulated at the rumen, were distributed in a 4x4 latin square experimental design with four 12-day periods. Daily distribution of grazing was similar in the PRG and the GC swards, but the concentration of rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) was higher and the proportion of propionate was lower on mixed swards during the day. Daily distribution of grazing was similar in pastures of different ages. However, in the oldest swards, rumen fluid pH increased and VFA concentration decreased after evening milking. Time spent grazing does not influence ruminal fermentation, which depends on the changes that occur as different sward layers are grazed.

scholarly journals Concentrate containing calcium salts of fatty acids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can change rumen fermentation in grazing goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Ludmila Couto Gomes ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Luiz Paulo Rigolon ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Possamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Ph

Feeding goats with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can supply ruminants with lipids, with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility. However, there is a shortage of information on the effect of CSFA on characteristics of rumen fermentation in grassland goats. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the addition of CSFA to concentrate on the parameters of rumen fermentation of grazing goats. Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. The pH, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were analyzed in the ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after concentrate supplementation. The pH and ammonia N concentration showed a linear effect with the addition of CSFA. There was no effect observed for the VFA molar concentration after grazing goats were fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the addition of CSFA to goat diets because there is evidence that CSFA increases ruminal pH and decreases excess ruminal ammonia without changing the VFA concentration in the rumen fluid.

Intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniimodulated rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qendrim Zebeli ◽  
Sarah J Terrill ◽  
Alberto Mazzolari ◽  
Suzanna M Dunn ◽  
Wen Z Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Profile

This study evaluated the effects of intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniion ruminal fermentation patterns, the profile of plasma metabolites, and milk yield and composition of mid-lactation dairy cows. Eight primiparous, ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were arranged in a paired 2×2 crossover design. Cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) intraruminal inoculation of 35 ml suspension per day ofM. elsdeniiATCC 25940 (MEGA), containing 108cfu/ml of bacteria, dissolved in 35 ml of saline (0·15m), or 2) carrier alone (35 ml saline; CTR). Both postprandial and preprandial rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and plasma metabolite measurements were analysed. Postprandial VFA patterns were affected the most, with butyrate (P<0·01) and valerate (P<0·01) proportions increasing, and acetate (P<0·01), isobutyrate (P=0·05) and isovalerate (P<0·01) decreasing in MEGA cows. Preprandial data measured at various days showed that MEGA dosage tended to increase the molar proportion of propionate (P=0·09) and lower the acetate to propionate ratio (P=0·07) in the rumen fluid. There was no effect of treatment on rumen pH and on the concentration of lactate in the rumen as well as on selected preprandial plasma metabolites. Postprandial plasma concentrations of cholesterol tended to increase (P=0·07) in MEGA cows compared with CTR. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the plasma were lower in MEGA cows after the morning feeding (P<0·01). Sampling hour also affected plasma NEFA in this study. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were not affected by the treatment (P>0·05); however, after the morning feeding BHBA concentration was increased in both groups of cows. Dry matter intake and milk yield and composition were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, results indicate thatM. elsdeniihas the potential to modulate the rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation Holstein cows, but these effects were only slightly reflected in changes in plasma metabolites and milk composition.

scholarly journals PSXI-21 Effects of different levels and protein sources on ruminal fermentation of feedlot Nellore steers fed high-concentrate diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 405-405
Author(s):  
Vinícius C De Souza ◽  
Juliana Messana ◽  
Erick Batista ◽  
Paulo Henrique Colovate ◽  
Maria Júlia Ganga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels (10 and 13% crude protein) and protein source on ruminal fermentation of feedlot Nellore steers fed high-concentrate diets. The protein sources tested were urea, dried distillers grains (DDG) and corn gluten meal. The DDG and gluten were used as RUP sources. We used 6 cannulated Nellore steers, rumen, duodenum, and ileum arranged in 6×6 Latin square designed in factorial (2 nitrogen levels and 3 protein sources) balanced for residues. The pH was measured immediately after rumen fluid sampling at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10h after feeding. The NH3-N concentrations were determined with micro-Kjeldahl apparatus. The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was assessed by gas chromatography. Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with repeated measures over time. There was no interaction between sampling time and treatments for NH3-N and pH (P &gt; 0.05). Animals fed diets containing Urea had a higher concentration of NH3-N (20.6 mg/dL) than animals supplemented with Gluten (16.2 mg/dL) or DDG (12.7 mg / dL). There was an increase in the NH3-N concentration (P = 0.049) with the increase of the protein level 10 to 13% CP with 14.7 and 18.3 mg/dL, respectively. The ruminal pH was affected by the dietary protein level (P = 0.016), in which animals fed a level of 10% CP had a higher pH (6.80) compared to the level of 13% CP (6.43). Total and individual VFA concentration was not affected by protein levels and sources (P &gt; 0.05). The reduction of N level and the use of RUP did not adversely affect the ruminal fermentation. Although significant differences were observed for pH, they were small and adequate for microbial protein synthesis in the rumen.

The effect of lipid sources on intake, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial protein synthesis in Nellore steers supplemented with glycerol

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Samuel Gomez Insuasti ◽  
Yury Tatiana Granja Salcedo ◽  
Pablo de Souza Castagnino ◽  
Bruno Ramalho Vieira ◽  
Euclides Braga Malheiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

The effects of glycerol with fat sources as a feed alternative were investigated in the ration for Nellore steers (Bos indicus). Eight cannulated steers at 30 months of age with initial bodyweight of 554 ± 36.0 kg were used in a double 4 by 4 Latin square design with four consecutive 16-day periods. Treatments were three different diets with lipid sources (soybean, soybean oil and calcium salts of fatty acids) and one diet control without lipid sources. All diets formulated contained 10% crude glycerol and 5% ether extract with a forage:concentrate ratio of 35:65; corn silage was used as forage. The ruminal liquid was sampled for 24 h and ruminal fermentations were monitored by measuring pH, concentrations of ammonia nitrogenand volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid. Urine samples were obtained from the total collection for 24 h for estimation of rumen microbial protein supply using urinary purine derivatives. Our results showed that the use of lipid sources combined with glycerol did not induce significant changes in rumen pH, acetate molar proportion, ruminal microbial protein or dry matter intake. Although the acetate molar proportion was kept constant within normal parameters, the propionate molar proportion was increased by the diet containing lipid sources. Moreover, we found that there was a negative effect of lipid sources on crude protein and neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein intake, and one positive effect on ether extract intake. We believe that association between fat and glycerol may affect rumen fermentation parameters through reducing fibre intake and increasing propionate production and ammonia nitrogen.

Concentrate feeding and ruminal fermentation. 1. Influence of the frequency of feeding concentrates on rumen acid composition, feed intake and milk production.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
A. Malestein ◽  
A.T. van't Klooster ◽  
G.H.M. Counotte ◽  
R.A. Prins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Short Time

1. Four cows with rumen cannulae were given 12 kg concentrates daily in 2 equal portions at 0800 and 1530, in one portion of 12 kg at 0800 or in 4 portions of 3 kg each at 0800, 1100, 1400 and 1700 h. Every period lasted 2 weeks. In addition to the concentrates hay was provided at 0900 and 1630 h and was adjusted so that the daily remainder was at least 1 kg. In 1978 experiments were made with concentrates low in starch and sugars (LSS) (23%) and in 1979 with concentrates high in starch and sugars (HSS) (50%). In 1978 when total DM intake, milk production and milk fat content of each milking were estimated daily, the trend in pH and concentration of L-lactic acid in rumen fluid were estimated on the last day of the preliminary period (2 X 6 kg) and on the 1st, 7th and 14th days of the experimental periods (1 X 12 kg and 4 X 3 kg). In 1979 the same estimations were made, but D-lactic acid and volatile fatty acids were also estimated. Compared to 2 X 6 kg concentrates the changeover to daily 1 X 12 kg or 4 X 3 kg concentrates did not result in significant differences in DM intake nor in milk or milk fat production. Within types of concentrates there was hardly any difference in lowest rumen pH between frequencies of concentrate feeding. When HSS concentrates were given pH in rumen fluid tended to be lower than with the LSS concentrates. With 2 X 6 kg HSS concentrates, pH in rumen fluid was for a short time lower than 5.5. Lactic acid concentrations in the rumen fluid reached maximum within 1 h after concentrate feeding and L-lactic acid was 6.5, 5.0 and 2.0 mmol/litre, respectively, for 1 X 12, 2 X 6 and 4 X 3 kg LSS concentrates. For HSS concentrates the values were 4.5, 2.5 and 1.0 mmol/litre. When the HSS concentrates were given maximum concentration of D-lactic acid in rumen fluid were 2.5 to 3 times the L-lactic acid concentration. When lactic acid was not increased D- and L-lactic acid concentrations were similar. At 0800 h the molar ratio of volatile fatty acids (C2:C3:C4) as a percentage of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in rumen fluid was 62:22:15 and changed gradually to 56:24:20 at 1900 h. Differences in VFA between frequencies of concentrate feeding were small. Total concentrations of VFA did not vary between treatments. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Rumen fermentation and microbial population in lactating dairy cows receiving diets containing oilseeds rich in C-18 fatty acids

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1211-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivan ◽  
H. V. Petit ◽  
J. Chiquette ◽  
A.-D. G. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dietary Linoleic Acid ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Sixteen Holstein rumen-cannulated primiparous milking dairy cows were fed a control diet (CN) based on maize silage and soyabean meal during a 4-week period before the start of a 21-d experiment with oilseeds containing high concentration of linoleic acid (Linola™) or linolenic acid (NuLin™). Thereafter, four cows receivedad libitumone of each of four dietary treatments comprising of CN, Linola (LN), NuLin (NL) and LN/NL (50/50 % combination). Each LN, NL and LN/NL treatment contained 6 % oil of DM. Rumen digesta samples were collected on days 6, 11, 16 and 21 and milk samples on days 13, 15 and 17. There were no effects (P>0·05) of the oilseeds on pH and concentrations of NH3-N and total volatile fatty acids, while the acetate:propionate ratio was decreased (P< 0·05). The oilseeds also decreased (P< 0·05) protozoa and increased (P< 0·1) total cellulolytic bacteria in rumen fluid, especially when containing high dietary linoleic acid (P< 0·05). The milk protein concentration was increased (P< 0·1) by the dietary linoleic acid, which produced most beneficial results. It was concluded that supplements of linoleic acid in diets of ruminants might contribute to better digestion of dietary fibre and increased quality of milk.

scholarly journals Effect of pasture species on milk yield and milk composition

1995 ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Robyn J. Johnson ◽  
N.A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

One 10-day experiment in autumn 1994 then four 10-day experiments throughout the 1994195 lactation in a complete Latin square investigated the effect of pasture species on yield, composition and total colour of milk from dairy cows. Treatments were Grasslands Kopu white clover (Trifolium repens L.), Yatsyn- 1 perennial ryegrass (L&urn perenne L.), Grasslands Kahu timothy (Phfeum pratense L.) and Grasslands Kara cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) offered at similar allowances of green leaf. Cows grazing white clover produced higher (P

Effect of glucose sources on production and metabolic responses of dairy cows fed diets based on restrictively fermented grass silage

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
A. Vanhatalo ◽  
P. Huhtanen ◽  
T. Varvikko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Glucose Supply

Diets based on restrictively fermented grass silage do not provide sufficient gluconeogenic precursors in high-yielding dairy cows (Huhtanen 1998). In principle, manipulating the glucose supply of cows may be done either by increasing the proportion of propionate in rumen volatile fatty acids or by increasing glucose supply to the intestines. The objective of this experiment was to compare casein, glucose, propionic acid, and starch as glucose sources in dairy cows fed diets based on restrictively fermented grass silage.Four rumen cannulated Finnish Ayrshire cows 15-16 weeks into their 4. or 5. lactation were used in an experiment designed as a 4 x 5 incomplete Latin square with 14-d periods. The five treatmens allocated to four animals were continuous infusions of 1) water (Control), 2) casein 300 g/d (Cas), 3) glucose 300 g/d (G), 4) propionic acid 247 g/d (P) and 5) barley starch 270 g/d (S). Substrates dissolved in water were infused either into the rumen (P) or the abomasum (other substrates).

Effects of forage neutral detergent fibre and time after feeding on medial and ventral rumen pH and volatile fatty acids concentration in heifers fed highly digestible grass/clover silages

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. S. Schulze ◽  
A. C. Storm ◽  
M. R. Weisbjerg ◽  
P. Nørgaard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Rumen Ph

The major microbial fermentation of forages and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) takes place in the medial part of the rumen, whereas the absorption of VFA occurs through the rumen epithelium, for example the ventral sac. The objective was to study effects of forage neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content and time after feeding on the medial to ventral VFA and pH gradient as well as rumen motility in the rumen of heifers fed grass/clover silages. Four silages were harvested at different growth stages with NDF contents of 31–45% of DM and in vitro organic matter digestibilities of 75–82% and fed to four rumen-fistulated Jersey heifers at 90% of ad libitum level in a Latin square design, with half the ration fed at 0800 hours and 1530 hours. Rumen fluid was sampled hourly from 0730 hours to 1530 hours in the medial and ventral rumen, and analysed for pH and concentrations of VFA, L-lactic acid, and ammonia to assess ruminal chemical gradient. Reticular contractions were continuously recorded by a pressure transducer. Time relative to feeding affected rumen parameters as pH was generally lower and VFA content greater in medial compared with ventral rumen fluid. Greater NDF content of the silage caused lower VFA concentration and higher pH in the rumen mat, and therefore the gradient diminished at greater NDF content in the silages; an effect probably caused by reduced organic matter digestibility rather than digesta NDF properties. This study therefore suggests that VFA production decreased with greater NDF content of forages, whereas intra-ruminal equilibration increased.

Utilisation of white clover silage fed alone or with maize silage by lactating dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Auldist ◽  
K. L. Atkinson ◽  
D. W. Dellow ◽  
M. J. Silvapulle ◽  
G. H. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
High Yields

Six lactating dairy cows in mid lactation were fed either white clover silage or a mixture of white clover and maize silages (70 : 30, dry matter basis). Milk yields (about 20 L/day) and compositions were similar when cows were fed either diet. Although the mixed diet was less digestible and provided less energy and crude protein than white clover, rumen fermentation may have been improved relative to that when white clover silage was fed alone. Flow rates of fluid from the rumen were faster, pH values for rumen liquor were higher and concentrations of ammonia in rumen liquor were lower when cows were fed the mixed diet than white clover silage. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and the proportions of the major volatile fatty acids in rumen liquor were similar for both diets. The efficiency of utilisation of dietary nitrogen for liveweight gain and milk production also appeared to be similar for both diets. Plasma concentrations of key metabolites were consistent with the cows being well nourished when fed both diets. Overall, it was evident that white clover silage may be used effectively in combination with lower quality maize silage to meet the nutrient requirements of cows with reasonably high yields of milk during mid lactation.

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