scholarly journals Susceptibility of fruits of the 'Valência' and 'Natal' sweet orange varieties to Guignardia citricarpa and the influence of the coexistence of healthy and symptomatic fruits

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Braga Baldassari ◽  
Renato Ferrari Reis ◽  
Antonio de Goes
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Guignardia Citricarpa ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Phyllosticta Citricarpa ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Disease Severity Level

The importance of the presence of symptomatic fruits with citrus black symptoms (CBS) on the disease severity level in subsequent crop production was assessed in an orchard planted with Valência and Natal sweet orange varieties. Additionally, the period of susceptibility of the fruits of these varieties was evaluated. Fruits were covered with paper bags at the stage of 75% fallen petals and were then exposed to natural infection at weekly intervals, from October 2000 to April 2001. This process was carried out in plants where the fruits from the previous harvest had been picked as well as in plants where fruits remained until natural drop. The evaluation of disease severity used a scale that varied from 0 (absence of symptoms) to 6 (severe symptoms). It was observed that, for the Valência and Natal varieties, conidia of Phyllosticta citricarpa that had formed on the lesions of fruits from the previous harvest did not significantly increase the severity of disease on the fruits of the subsequent harvest period. In this study, the protection of the fruits until 10 weeks after petal drop did not affect the number of lesions, indicating that ascospore discharges after that date were, probably, responsible for disease severity. Fruits exposed between the 20th and 24th week after 75% of the petals had fallen were symptomatic, indicating that, at this stage, the fruits were still susceptible to the pathogen.

scholarly journals Overall efficacies of combined measures for controlling grape bunch rot can be estimated by multiplicative consideration of individual effects

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Molitor ◽  
Lucien Hoffmann ◽  
Marco Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Average Absolute Deviation ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Disease Severity Level

Aims: The present analyses aimed at evaluating the performance of two models for estimating the overall effect of combining two or more measures (leaf removal, cluster division, late shoot topping, botryticide application, bioregulator application) for controlling grape bunch rot based on the efficacy of the individual measures.Methods and results: Field trials with the white Vitis vinifera cultivars Pinot gris and Riesling on the efficacy of three bunch rot control measures applied either alone or in combination were analyzed. Bunch rot disease severities prior to harvest were assessed and efficacies were calculated for each treatment. Observed efficacies of single measures were used to estimate the overall efficacies of all possible measure combinations. Calculated efficacies matched observed efficacies more accurately when assuming multiplicative interaction among the individual measures (R2 = 0.8574, p < 0.0001; average absolute deviation: 7.9%) than in case of assuming additive effects (R2 = 0.8280; average absolute deviation: 14.7%).Conclusions: The multiplicative approach assumes that each additional measure is affecting (in case of efficient measures: reducing) the disease severity level as the result of the additional treatments rather than compared to the disease severity level in the untreated control.Significance and impact of the study: The high goodness of fit as well as the observed low deviations between the estimated and the observed efficacies suggest that the multiplicative approach is appropriate for estimating the efficacy of combined viticultural measures in a complex practical bunch rot control strategy assembled of different modules.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF APHID BORNE POTATO VIRUS Y (PVY) THROUGH CHEMICAL AND BIO-CHEMICAL METHODS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Altaf Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Aqleem Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Individual State ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Disease Severity Level

The aim of this study was the management of potato virus Y (PVY) in potato cv. Desiree through chemical and non-chemical methods. The experiment was carried out at the New Developmental Farm (NDF), The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during spring season, 2014 under field conditions. One of the major objectives of the experiment was to assess the effectiveness of the treatments application in their individual state as well as in combinations under field conditions. The treatments were mineral oil, insecticide, biocide and their combinations. Among various treatments, Diver was effective with disease severity level (1) and % disease incidence (40) in individual state and in combination (Diver + Confidor) and (Diver + Confidor + Neem extract) gave good results with % disease incidence (33.33) and with disease severity level (1). Neem extract was found to be less effective when used individually with % disease incidence (56.66) and with disease severity level (3), whereas Confidor when applied individually was more effective than Neem extract with % disease incidence (50) and with disease severity level (2). Moreover Diver in combination with Neem extract was found to be less effective in management of PVY as compared to Diver in combination with Confidor with % disease incidence (40) and disease severity level (1). Three aphid species were found in the field i.e Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphid gossypii (Glover) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). In case of aphid’s population, Confidor was more effective in reducing aphid’s population as compared to Diver and Neem extract. Finally, it can be concluded that Diver alone was more effective in the management of PVY. However in combination, Diver with Confidor significantly managed PVY under field conditions

scholarly journals Investigation on the Severity of Alternaria Blight of Pigeonpea and its Characterisation in Northern Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Savitha ◽  
K. Ajithkumar ◽  
S.T. Yenjerappa
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Culturally Based ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Molecular Characters

Background: The Alternaria blight of pigeonpea is considered as an important foliar disease and poses threat to the pigeonpea cultivation due to change in the climatic condition, cultivation practices and variation in pathogenic character. Though the disease is noticed in an alarming proportion after the post rainy season and causing economic yield, little is known about the severity of disease and its impact on crop production. The current study is aimed to study the disease severity and variability of the pathogen and which would helps us to understand the biology of the pathogen to develop suitable management strategies. Methods: In the field and laboratory investigations during 2015 and 2017, different localities of Northern Karnataka were surveyed. Twenty sampling localities were selected based on geographical situation. In the laboratory, collected diseased samples were isolated and determined morphologically and culturally based on taxonomic and molecular characters. Result: Our investigations revealed the varied disease severity in surveyed districts, Vijayapura district recorded the maximum disease severity with a range of 38.67 to 49.33 and this might be due to variation in pathogenic character, rainfall pattern and climatic conditions and also disease severity varied with varieties indicating the source of resistance. The present study contributed for identification of geographical distribution of the disease and its severity in different varieties and places of Northern Karnataka and their genetic and morphological variations.

scholarly journals Pengobatan transfer energi sebagai salah satu metode pengobatan tradisional dalam penyembuhan penyakit

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Annisa Novitasari ◽  
Myrtati D Artaria
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Disease Severity Level

Nowadays, traditional medicine has been a widely spreaded phenomena in society as alternative or supplement aside of modern medication. Energy-transfer medication is one kind of traditional medication which become popular in the society, even no specific medicine or medical devices used in this treatment. The research method used were observation and interview. Interview was conducted to two informant as energy-transfer performer and six patients of this medication. The research shows that the use of energy-transfer medication was influenced by disease severity level, knowledge and experience, faith, social, and distance.

scholarly journals Brown Spot Disease Severity Level Detection using Binary-RGB Image Masking

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. A. M Taujuddin ◽  
N. H. N. A Halim ◽  
M. Siti Norsuha ◽  
R. Koogeethavani ◽  
Z. H Husin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease ◽  
Rgb Image ◽  
Disease Severity Level

Fodder legumes affecting sequential crop production and fertilizer N use efficiency

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De ◽  
M. A. Salim Khan ◽  
M. S. Katti ◽  
V. Raja
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Subsequent Crop

SUMMARYExperiments made with winter fodder crops, lucerne (Medicago sativa), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) and oats (Avena sativa) and summer fodder crops, cow pea (Vigna unguiculata), guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), sunhemp (Crotolaria juncea) and pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) showed that a sequential crop of Sudan grass yielded more after the legumes than after the cereal fodders, oats or pearl millet. The legume advantage was noted in the crop not given fertilizers but also when Sudan grass was given N fertilizer. The yield increase in Sudan grass grown after legumes was equivalent to 32–60 kg fertilizer N/ha applied to Sudan grass following pearl millet.After harvesting the legumes more available N and NO3-N was present in the soil and the apparent recovery of fertilizer N by a subsequent crop was increased by the legume.

scholarly journals Continuous Lighting Reduces Conidial Production and Germinability in the Rose Powdery Mildew Pathosystem

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suthaparan ◽  
Arne Stensvand ◽  
S. Torre ◽  
Maria L. Herrero ◽  
R. I. Pettersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
The Rose

The effect of day length on production and germinability of conidia and severity of disease caused by Podosphaera pannosa, the causal agent of rose powdery mildew, was studied. Whole potted plants or detached leaves of Rosa interspecific hybrid ‘Mistral’ were inoculated with P. pannosa and exposed to 0, 12, 18, 20, 22, or 24 h of artificial light per day in growth chambers equipped with mercury lamps. Increasing duration of illumination from 18 to 20 to 24 h per day reduced production of conidia by 22 to 62%. Exposure to 24 h of illumination per day also strongly reduced disease severity compared with 18 h. Our results suggest that increasing day lengths from 18 h per day to 20 to 24 h may suppress the disease significantly and, thereby, reduce the need for fungicide applications against powdery mildew.

scholarly journals Assessing the Correlation Between Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life Questionnaires (ABQOL, TABQOL, DLQI) and Disease Severity Indices in Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Cao ◽  
Lulu Sun ◽  
Zhongxiang Shi ◽  
Baoqi Yang ◽  
Furen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Bullous Pemphigoid ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Disease Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Bullous Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Bullous Disease

Abstract Background: Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) that affect the skin and mucous membranes, and adversely impact quality of life (QOL). Few studies have assessed the correlation between the severity of disease and QOL in patients with pemphigus and BP. Objectives: To identify the correlation between the severity of AIBDs and QOL using the Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life (ABQOL), Treatment Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life (TABQOL), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaires in Chinese patients with pemphigus and BP at baseline, and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. Methods: Pemphigus and BP patients were invited to complete the ABQOL, TABQOL, and DLQI questionnaires. We measured the pemphigus disease area index (PDAI), autoimmune bullous skin disorder intensity score (ABSIS), and antibodies of desmoglein1,desmoglein3 (DSG1/DSG3) for pemphigus; and the bullous pemphigoid disease area index (BPDAI), ABSIS, and antibodies of BP180/ BP230 for BP as disease severity indices. The correlations between the severity of disease and QOL were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r). Results: Eighty-five patients were included: 55 with pemphigus and 30 with BP. The pemphigus subtypes included pemphigus vulgaris (PV, n = 32), pemphigus foliaceus (PF, n = 22), and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP, n = 1). We found significantly strong correlations between QOL (ABQOL, TABQOL, DLQI) and severity of disease (PDAI/BPDAI, ABSIS) with (r = 0.87, 0.77, 0.83; r = 0.86, 0.73, 0.80) for pemphigus and BP, respectively. Mild or strong correlations were also observed between QOL and antibody titers in pemphigus with DSG1/DSG3(r=0.32/0.36) and BP with BP180/BP230( r = 0.73/0.17) respectively. Conclusion: The QOL of patients with pemphigus and BP decreased with increased severity of the AIBDs. As the disease severity descended, so the QOL improved. The QOL indices should be used in clinical trials and to manage patients’ treatment, especially during the active disease stage, despite the mild correlation observed after 1 month of treatment.The PDAI to be better at assessing disease severity than the ABSIS in patients with pemphigus, and ABSIS are better than BPDAI in BP patients for correlation with the QOL indices.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature, leaf wetness, and rainfall on the production of Guignardia citricarpa ascospores and on back spot severity on sweet orange

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato F. Reis ◽  
Lavern W. Timmer ◽  
Antonio de Goes
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Guignardia Citricarpa ◽  
Ascospore Production

The black spot of citrus (Citrus sp.) is caused by Guignardia citricarpa with ascospore production depending on temperature, leaf wetness, and rainfall. The number of ascospores produced was monitored using a spore trap and climatic factors were recorded using an automated meteorological station of 'Natal' and 'Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) orchards in Mogi Guaçu in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from November 2000 to March 2001. The fruits were bagged to prevent infection and the bags removed from different sets of fruit for one week during each of the 18 weeks of the season in both orchards. Ascospores were produced during the entire experimental period, from spring through summer, primarily after rain events. In both orchards, ascospore production reached a peak in January and February. Ascospore production was related to leaf wetness only in the Natal orange orchard but was not related to total rainfall or temperature in either orchard. Disease was most severe on fruit exposed the 7th, 8th, and 13th weeks after beginning the experiment in both cultivars as well as after the 16th week for 'Natal'. There was a strong relationship between disease severity and total rainfall for both orchards and a weak correlation between temperature and severity in the 'Natal' block only. There was no relationship between severity and leaf wetness or ascospore numbers.

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