scholarly journals Overall efficacies of combined measures for controlling grape bunch rot can be estimated by multiplicative consideration of individual effects

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Molitor ◽  
Lucien Hoffmann ◽  
Marco Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Average Absolute Deviation ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Disease Severity Level

Aims: The present analyses aimed at evaluating the performance of two models for estimating the overall effect of combining two or more measures (leaf removal, cluster division, late shoot topping, botryticide application, bioregulator application) for controlling grape bunch rot based on the efficacy of the individual measures.Methods and results: Field trials with the white Vitis vinifera cultivars Pinot gris and Riesling on the efficacy of three bunch rot control measures applied either alone or in combination were analyzed. Bunch rot disease severities prior to harvest were assessed and efficacies were calculated for each treatment. Observed efficacies of single measures were used to estimate the overall efficacies of all possible measure combinations. Calculated efficacies matched observed efficacies more accurately when assuming multiplicative interaction among the individual measures (R2 = 0.8574, p < 0.0001; average absolute deviation: 7.9%) than in case of assuming additive effects (R2 = 0.8280; average absolute deviation: 14.7%).Conclusions: The multiplicative approach assumes that each additional measure is affecting (in case of efficient measures: reducing) the disease severity level as the result of the additional treatments rather than compared to the disease severity level in the untreated control.Significance and impact of the study: The high goodness of fit as well as the observed low deviations between the estimated and the observed efficacies suggest that the multiplicative approach is appropriate for estimating the efficacy of combined viticultural measures in a complex practical bunch rot control strategy assembled of different modules.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF APHID BORNE POTATO VIRUS Y (PVY) THROUGH CHEMICAL AND BIO-CHEMICAL METHODS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Altaf Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Aqleem Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Individual State ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Disease Severity Level

The aim of this study was the management of potato virus Y (PVY) in potato cv. Desiree through chemical and non-chemical methods. The experiment was carried out at the New Developmental Farm (NDF), The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during spring season, 2014 under field conditions. One of the major objectives of the experiment was to assess the effectiveness of the treatments application in their individual state as well as in combinations under field conditions. The treatments were mineral oil, insecticide, biocide and their combinations. Among various treatments, Diver was effective with disease severity level (1) and % disease incidence (40) in individual state and in combination (Diver + Confidor) and (Diver + Confidor + Neem extract) gave good results with % disease incidence (33.33) and with disease severity level (1). Neem extract was found to be less effective when used individually with % disease incidence (56.66) and with disease severity level (3), whereas Confidor when applied individually was more effective than Neem extract with % disease incidence (50) and with disease severity level (2). Moreover Diver in combination with Neem extract was found to be less effective in management of PVY as compared to Diver in combination with Confidor with % disease incidence (40) and disease severity level (1). Three aphid species were found in the field i.e Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphid gossypii (Glover) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). In case of aphid’s population, Confidor was more effective in reducing aphid’s population as compared to Diver and Neem extract. Finally, it can be concluded that Diver alone was more effective in the management of PVY. However in combination, Diver with Confidor significantly managed PVY under field conditions

scholarly journals Susceptibility of fruits of the 'Valência' and 'Natal' sweet orange varieties to Guignardia citricarpa and the influence of the coexistence of healthy and symptomatic fruits

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Braga Baldassari ◽  
Renato Ferrari Reis ◽  
Antonio de Goes
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Guignardia Citricarpa ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Phyllosticta Citricarpa ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Disease Severity Level

The importance of the presence of symptomatic fruits with citrus black symptoms (CBS) on the disease severity level in subsequent crop production was assessed in an orchard planted with Valência and Natal sweet orange varieties. Additionally, the period of susceptibility of the fruits of these varieties was evaluated. Fruits were covered with paper bags at the stage of 75% fallen petals and were then exposed to natural infection at weekly intervals, from October 2000 to April 2001. This process was carried out in plants where the fruits from the previous harvest had been picked as well as in plants where fruits remained until natural drop. The evaluation of disease severity used a scale that varied from 0 (absence of symptoms) to 6 (severe symptoms). It was observed that, for the Valência and Natal varieties, conidia of Phyllosticta citricarpa that had formed on the lesions of fruits from the previous harvest did not significantly increase the severity of disease on the fruits of the subsequent harvest period. In this study, the protection of the fruits until 10 weeks after petal drop did not affect the number of lesions, indicating that ascospore discharges after that date were, probably, responsible for disease severity. Fruits exposed between the 20th and 24th week after 75% of the petals had fallen were symptomatic, indicating that, at this stage, the fruits were still susceptible to the pathogen.

scholarly journals Meteorological conditions determine the thermal-temporal position of the annual Botrytis bunch rot epidemic on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling grapes

OENO One ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Molitor ◽  
Ottmar Baus ◽  
Lucien Hoffmann ◽  
Marco Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Temporal Position ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Bunch Rot

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>:</p><p class="Tabelle" style="text-align: justify;">Under Central European climatic conditions, bunch rot caused by <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> occurs virtually every season on <em>Vitis vinifera</em> L. cv. Riesling grapes. Statistical investigations based on at least three annual disease severity assessments in 7 seasons (2007-2013) aimed at (i) simulating the disease progress and (ii) identifying meteorological conditions with predictive value for epidemics.</p><p class="Tabelle" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>:</p><p class="Tabelle" style="text-align: justify;">Sigmoidal regression models were used to describe the disease progress as function of thermal time. Coefficients of determination were &gt; 0.97. The thermal time adjusted pace of the epidemic was almost constant in all seasons while the point of time when 5% disease severity was reached varied among years. Window pane analyses showed that relatively low temperatures and wet conditions during bloom as well as relatively high temperatures and low precipitation sums around/after veraison were associated with thermal-temporally late epidemics.</p><p class="Tabelle" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>:</p><p class="Tabelle" style="text-align: justify;">Environmental conditions determine the timing of annual bunch rot epidemics. Analyses indicate a strong link between meteorological conditions around grape bloom (probably affecting fruit set and cluster structure) and the predisposition of the grape clusters to bunch rot.</p><p class="Tabelle" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>:</p><p class="Tabelle" style="text-align: justify;">The enhanced understanding of the effect of environmental conditions on the bunch rot epidemics supports growers to optimize control measures and is supposed to result in a Botrytis bunch rot model.</p>

scholarly journals Pengobatan transfer energi sebagai salah satu metode pengobatan tradisional dalam penyembuhan penyakit

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Annisa Novitasari ◽  
Myrtati D Artaria
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Disease Severity Level

Nowadays, traditional medicine has been a widely spreaded phenomena in society as alternative or supplement aside of modern medication. Energy-transfer medication is one kind of traditional medication which become popular in the society, even no specific medicine or medical devices used in this treatment. The research method used were observation and interview. Interview was conducted to two informant as energy-transfer performer and six patients of this medication. The research shows that the use of energy-transfer medication was influenced by disease severity level, knowledge and experience, faith, social, and distance.

scholarly journals Brown Spot Disease Severity Level Detection using Binary-RGB Image Masking

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. A. M Taujuddin ◽  
N. H. N. A Halim ◽  
M. Siti Norsuha ◽  
R. Koogeethavani ◽  
Z. H Husin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease ◽  
Rgb Image ◽  
Disease Severity Level

scholarly journals Using Benford’s law to assess the quality of COVID-19 register data in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Silva ◽  
Dalson Figueiredo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mean Absolute Deviation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Distortion Factor ◽  
Benford Law ◽  
Official Data

Abstract We employ Newcomb–Benford law (NBL) to evaluate the reliability of COVID-19 figures in Brazil. Using official data from February 25 to September 15, we apply a first digit test for a national aggregate dataset of total cases and cumulative deaths. We find strong evidence that Brazilian reports do not conform to the NBL theoretical expectations. These results are robust to different goodness of fit (chi-square, mean absolute deviation and distortion factor) and data sources (John Hopkins University and Our World in Data). Despite the growing appreciation for evidence-based-policymaking, which requires valid and reliable data, we show that the Brazilian epidemiological surveillance system fails to provide trustful data under the NBL assumption on the COVID-19 epidemic.

Simple Index to Assess the Calibration Quality of Safety Performance Functions Based on Multiple Goodness-of-Fit Metrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110088
Author(s):  
Raul E. Avelar ◽  
Karen Dixon ◽  
Boniphace Kutela ◽  
Sam Klump ◽  
Beth Wemple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Safety Database ◽  
Simple Index ◽  
Safety Performance Functions

The calibration of safety performance functions (SPFs) is a mechanism included in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) to adjust SPFs in the HSM for use in intended jurisdictions. Critically, the quality of the calibration procedure must be assessed before using the calibrated SPFs. Multiple resources to aid practitioners in calibrating SPFs have been developed in the years following the publication of the HSM 1st edition. Similarly, the literature suggests multiple ways to assess the goodness-of-fit (GOF) of a calibrated SPF to a data set from a given jurisdiction. This paper uses the calibration results of multiple intersection SPFs to a large Mississippi safety database to examine the relations between multiple GOF metrics. The goal is to develop a sensible single index that leverages the joint information from multiple GOF metrics to assess overall quality of calibration. A factor analysis applied to the calibration results revealed three underlying factors explaining 76% of the variability in the data. From these results, the authors developed an index and performed a sensitivity analysis. The key metrics were found to be, in descending order: the deviation of the cumulative residual (CURE) plot from the 95% confidence area, the mean absolute deviation, the modified R-squared, and the value of the calibration factor. This paper also presents comparisons between the index and alternative scoring strategies, as well as an effort to verify the results using synthetic data. The developed index is recommended to comprehensively assess the quality of the calibrated intersection SPFs.

scholarly journals 1507. Clinical Characteristics of Common Respiratory Viruses Detected in Infants Across Different Clinical Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S756-S757
Author(s):  
Zaid Haddadin ◽  
Danielle A Rankin ◽  
loren lipworth ◽  
Jon Fryzek ◽  
Mina Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Support Research ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Viral acute respiratory infections (ARI) continues to be a significant cause of healthcare visits in young children. We evaluated the clinical presentation and disease severity of common respiratory viruses associated with medically attended ARI in infants. Methods We conducted a prospective viral surveillance study in Davidson County, TN. Infants under one year with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled from the outpatient (OP), emergency department (ED), or inpatient (IP) settings from 12/16/2019 through 4/30/2020. Nasal swabs were collected and tested for common viral pathogens using Luminex® NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected through parent/guardian interviews and medical chart abstractions. Results In total, 364 participants were enrolled, and 361 (99%) had nasal swabs collected and tested. Overall, mean age was 6±3.3 months, 50% were female, 45% White, and 27% Hispanic. Of the 295 (82%) virus-positive specimens; the three most common viruses were rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza (flu) [124, 101, and 44, respectively]. Compared to virus-negative infants, virus-positive infants were more likely to have more severe ARI symptoms and to be admitted to the intensive care unit (Table 1). Compared to other virus-positive infants: RV/EV-positive infants were more likely to be White, attend daycare, but less likely to present with respiratory distress, or require oxygen or admission; flu-positive infants were older and more likely to have systemic symptoms rather than ARI symptoms, and RSV-positive infants were more likely to present with respiratory distress, receive oxygen and be hospitalized (Table 1). Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Subjects Conclusion The majority of ARI in infants are due to respiratory viruses, with RSV, RV/EV, and flu accounting for over three-quarters of these viruses. The clinical presentations and disease severity differed across the clinical settings and the three main viruses, with RSV being most severe. To decrease the burden of medically attended viral ARI, preventive measures (i.e., developing new vaccines and antivirals), refining current vaccination strategies, and infection control measures are needed. Disclosures Zaid Haddadin, MD, CDC (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support)Quidel Corporation (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support)sanofi pasteur (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support) Danielle A. Rankin, MPH, CIC, Sanofi Pasteur (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support) Jon Fryzek, PhD, MPH, EpidStrategies (Employee) Mina Suh, MPH, International Health, EpidStrategies (Employee) Donald S. Shepard, PhD, Sanofi Pasteur (Grant/Research Support) Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Genentech (Other Financial or Material Support, I receive an honorarium for lectures - it’s a education grant, supported by genetech)Karius (Consultant)Moderna (Consultant)Quidel (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support)Sanofi (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support)

Solubility of the pesticide diuron in organic nonelectrolyte solvents. Comparison of observed vs. predicted values based upon Mobile Order theory

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina M De Fina ◽  
Tina L Sharp ◽  
Michael A Spurgin ◽  
Ivette Chuca ◽  
William E Acree, Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Order Theory ◽  
Average Absolute Deviation ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Solubility Predictions ◽  
Mobile Order Theory ◽  
Dimethyl Urea ◽  
Organic Nonelectrolyte ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Alcohol Solvents ◽  
Mobile Order

Experimental solubilities are reported at 25.0°C for diuron (also called 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea) dissolved in 49 different organic nonelectrolyte solvents containing ether-, chloro-, hydroxy-, ester-, methyl-, and tert-butyl-functional groups. Results of these measurements are used to test the applications and limitations of expressions derived from Mobile Order theory. For the 28 nonalcoholic solvents for which predictions could be made computations show that Mobile Order theory does provide fairly reasonable estimates of the saturation mole fraction solubilities. Average absolute deviation between predicted and observed values is 60.1%. Diuron solubilities in the alcohol solvents are used to calculate stability constants for presumed solute-solvent hydrogen bonds that are believed to occur in solution.Key words: pesticide, diuron solubilities, organic nonelectrolyte solvents, solubility predictions.

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