scholarly journals Serologic and molecular diagnostic and bioassay in mice for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in free ranges chickens from Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Holsback ◽  
Hilda F. de J. Pena ◽  
Alessandra Ragozo ◽  
Estela G. Lopes ◽  
Solange M. Gennari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Comparison Of Techniques ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and compare the results obtained in the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT), Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and bioassay in mice. In order to accomplish this, 40 free-range chickens from eight farms in neighboring areas to the Pantanal in Nhecolândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, were euthanized and blood samples, brain and heart were collected. The occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies found in chickens was 67.5% (27 samples), considering as a cutoff point the dilution 1:5. Among the samples analyzed, 7 (25.9%) were positive in the dilution 1:5, 3 (11.1%) in 1:10, 2 (7.4%) in 1:20, 3 (11.1%) in 1:320, 1 ( 3.7%) in 1:640, 3 (11.1%) in 1:1280, 2 (7.4%) in 1:2560, 4 (14.8%) in 1:5120 and 2 (7.4%) in 1:10.240. From the mixture of tissue samples (brain and heart) from the chickens analyzed, 16 (40%) presented electrophoretic bands compatible with T. gondii by PCR (gene B1). In the comparison of techniques, 59.26% positivity in PCR was revealed among animals that were seropositive in MAT (cutoff 1:5). From 141 inoculated mice, six (4.44%) died of acute toxoplasmosis between 15 and 23 days after inoculation. Surviving mice were sacrificed at 74 days after inoculation, and a total of 28 cysts were found in the brains of 10 distinct groups. From the seropositive hens, 27 bioassays were performed and 11 (40.7%) isolates were obtained. A greater number of isolations happened in mice that were inoculated with tissues from chickens that had high titers for anti-T. gondii antibodies. Chronic infection in mice was observed in nine groups (33.3%) from five different properties. Among the surviving mice, 25.6% were positive for T. gondii in MAT (1:25). From mice positive in PCR, 87.5% were also positive in MAT. Among the PCR-negative mice, 5.2% were positive for T. gondii in MAT. It can be concluded through this study that the occurrence of infecton by T. gondii in the rural properties studied was high, that PCR directed to gene B1 does not confirm the viability of the parasite, but it can be used as a screening method for the selection of chickens infected by T. gondii, that the animals with titer greater than 10 must be prioritized for the selection of animals for bioassay, since for them, the chances of isolating the parasite are greater and that seroconversion in experimentally infected mice is not a good indicator for isolating the agent.

scholarly journals Coinfection by Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in domestic cats (Felis catus) in State of Mato Grosso do Sul

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 796-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Rennó Campos Braga ◽  
Ana Paula Ferreira Lopes Corrêa ◽  
Lucilene Granuzzio Camossi ◽  
Rodrigo Costa da Silva ◽  
Helio Langoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in domestic and wild animals from forest fragments of the municipality of Natal, northeastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislene Fátima da Silva Rocha Fournier ◽  
Marcos Gomes Lopes ◽  
Arlei Marcili ◽  
Diego Garcia Ramirez ◽  
Igor Cunha Lima Acosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus

Toxoplasmosis stands out as a global disease that has felines as definitive hosts. In the municipality of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, two parks are notable for their ecological and social importance. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in short hair cats, bats and small non-volant mammals in these two ecological reserves. Altogether, biological samples were obtained from 154 mammals, 92 wild animals from both areas and 62 domestic cats of the Parque da Cidade. In total, 22 (53.7%) non-volant wild mammals, 11 (21.5%) bats and 28 (52.8%) cats were positive for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies using the Modified Agglutination Test (≥ 25). It was possible to detect the presence of T. gondii DNA, by means of a molecular amplification of a B1 gene fragment (155bp), in 92 tissue samples from wild animals, including Didelphis albiventris, Monodelphis domestica, Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata and Glossophaga soricina. Of the 62 cats examined by the same molecular method, T. gondii DNA could be detected in 4 cats. In this study, it was observed the circulation of T. gondii in wild species and domestic cats, demonstrating the involvement of wild and domestic animals in the cycle of T. gondii.

scholarly journals Isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) para controle de Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Eduardo Kenji Hayashida ◽  
Samir Oliveira Kassab ◽  
Elisângela de Souza Loureiro ◽  
Camila Rossoni ◽  
Rogério Hidalgo Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Selection Of

A seleção de fungos entomopatogênicos é necessária para que se conheça a eficiência de diferentes isolados e se possa eleger o mais adequado para sua utilização em programas de controle biológico. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência dos isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (UFGD 03, UFGD 05, UFGD 07 e UFGD 22), obtidos em Mato Grosso do Sul, em Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius. O ensaio experimental foi composto por um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 10 repetições, com 5 lagartas padronizadas por tamanho em cada repetição. De maneira geral, M. anisopliae afetou o ciclo biológico de D. saccharalis e o desenvolvimento desta praga é afetado pelo fungo. A percentagem de lagartas que empuparam variou de 64,00% a 88,60%. O tratamento com o isolado UFGD 03 apresentou maior percentagem de pupas mortas (68,00%) em relação aos demais isolados testados e quando comparado ao valor da testemunha (11,00%). A emergência dos adultos de D. saccharalis foi de 87,02% na testemunha. Nos tratamentos com o fungo, houve variação de 35,20%, 38,00%, 40,00%, 52,80% proporcionada pelos isolados UFGD 22, UFGD 03, UFGD 05 e UFGD 07, respectivamente. Isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) for the control of Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Abstract. The selection of entomopathogenic fungus that is a necessary to know the efficiency of different isolates and one can choose the most suitable for use in biological control programs. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (UFGD 03, UFGD 05, UFGD UFGD 07 and UFGD 22), obtained in Mato Grosso do Sul on the Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius. The experimental trial consisted of a completely randomized design with five treatments and 10 repetitions with 5 caterpillars standardized size in each repetition. In general, M. anisopliae affects the life cycle of D. saccharalis and development of this pest is affected by the fungus. The percentage of caterpillars that pupae ranged from 64.00% to 88.60%. Treatment with isolated UFGD 03 had a higher percentage of dead pupae (68.00%) compared to other isolates tested and compared to the control value (11.00%). The adult emergence of D. saccharalis was 87.02% in the control. In the treatments with the fungus, there was a variation of 35.20%, 38.00%, 40.00%, 52.80% provided by isolates UFGD 22, UFGD 03, UFGD 05 and UFGD 07, respectively.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from eared doves (Zenaida auriculata) in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Daniel de Barros ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
Dauton Luiz Zulpo ◽  
Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha ◽  
Ana Sue Sammi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Environmental Diversity ◽  
Clonal Type ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Isolates

Eared doves (Zenaida auriculata), which are common in urban, rural and wild areas in many regions of Brazil, are frequently prey for domestic cats. Therefore Toxoplasma gondii isolates obtained from doves may reflect greater environmental diversity than those from other hosts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate T. gondii seroprevalence, isolate and genotype strains from Z. auriculata. Serum and tissue samples were collected from 206 doves for use in the modified agglutination test (MAT) and mouse bioassay. The prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in the doves was 22.3% (46/206), with titers ranging from 16 to 4096, and T. gondii strains were isolated from 12 of these doves. Five genotypes were detected by means of PCR-RFLP, including ToxoDB genotypes #1, #6, #17 and #65, and one genotype that had not previously been described (ToxoDB#182). This was the first report on isolation of T. gondii from Z. auriculata. This study confirmed the genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates and the existence of clonal type II (ToxoDB genotype #1) in Brazil.

scholarly journals TOXOPLASMOSE OVINA E EQUINA: OCORRÊNCIA DE ANTICORPOS EM ANIMAIS CRIADOS EM CENTRO DE PESQUISA NA REGIÃO DO PANTANAL SUL MATO-GROSSENSE, BRASIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Igor Falco Arruda ◽  
Cristiano Gomes Crispim ◽  
Patricia Riddell Millar ◽  
Raquel Soares Juliano ◽  
Márcia Furlan Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
De Se ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial que acomete vertebrados homeotérmicos, incluindo o ser humano. Toxoplasma gondii, seu agente etiológico, é capaz de infectar seus hospedeiros por diversas vias de transmissão, dentre elas a ingestão de cistos teciduais, presente na carne crua ou malcozida, e a ingestão de oocistos, presentes na água e alimentos contaminados, sendo essas as principais rotas de infecção na cadeia epidemiológica da toxoplasmose. Neste sentido, a contaminação ambiental com oocistos esporulados apresenta-se como um importante fator de risco para a infecção toxoplásmica em animais herbívoros, como os equinos e ovinos. Enquanto os equinos mostram resistência à infecção e a manifestações de sinais clínicos da doença, em ovinos, a toxoplasmose pode ser responsável por importantes distúrbios reprodutivos como aborto e morte neonatal. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar a presença de anticorpos específicos anti- T. gondii em equinos e ovinos criados na Fazenda Experimental Nhumirim, propriedade da Embrapa Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Para tanto foram coletadas amostras de soro de 101 equinos e 99 ovinos entre março de 2011 e maio de 2015. As amostras de soro foram enviadas para o Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/RJ. Os soros foram submetidos à reação de imunofluorescência indireta, sendo consideradas positivas as amostras sororreagentes a partir da diluição de 1:64 para ambas as espécies. Anticorpos anti-T. gondii foram detectados em 15% (15/99) dos ovinos e 10% (10/101) dos equinos. A ocorrência de anticorpos específicos anti-T. gondii nas amostras de soro desses animais, aponta para uma contaminação ambiental da propriedade, onde possivelmente, felídeos silvestres estariam atuando como dispersores do parasito. A exposição dos animais estudados ao T. gondii deve ser considerada ao avaliar resultados dos estudos de desempenho nos quais estes animais são utilizados, em especial os ovinos devido à sua alta sensibilidade à infecção toxoplásmica. Corroborando com outros autores, sobre o risco de infecção de animais domésticos e a presença de T. gondii no ambiente do Pantanal brasileiro, e diante das dificuldades de se aplicarem medidas de prevenção e controle nos sistemas produtivos agropecuários praticados, sugere-se aplicá-las com foco na saúde humana.

scholarly journals Detecção de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em animais de uma comunidade rural do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joil Moreira Marques ◽  
Fabiane Beatriz Isbrecht ◽  
Thays Mizuki Lucas ◽  
Isabela Maria Polido Guerra ◽  
Aline Dalmolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

scholarly journals Low prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pork from slaughter houses in the central of China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijing Su ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Yaoyao Lu ◽  
Fuchun Jian ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central China ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Digestive Juice ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Undercooked Pork

Abstract Background: Toxoplasma gondii is widely distributed and can infect many species of warm-blooded animals , including swine. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in pork from the cent er of China. A total of 2 798 samples, including 305 hearts, 2086 diaphragm s , and 4 0 7 sera were collected from Henan Province, China . The modified agglutination test was used to detect antibodies against T. gondii in ser a from jugular vein blood and heart blood (cut-off: 1:25) , diaphragm exudate (cut-off: 1:10) . T. gondii DNA was screened from the digestive juice of all diaphragm tissue samples , and attempt to isolate viable T. gondii strain by bioassay in mice.Results: A total of 9.94% (278/2798) swine showed sera conversion of T. gondii antibodies. Region , but not gender , was associated with T. gondi infection in swine. T. gondii nucleic acid w as not found in the meat digestive juice s ( 2090 swine ) . Three groups of mice showed T. gondii antibodies after having been bioassayed with diaphragm samples (3/81). Unfortunately, no viable T. gondii strain was isolated from pork.Conclusions : This is the first large-scale survey T. gondi infection in pork from central China. Overall, the prevalence of viable T. gondii in pork was extremely low. Nevertheless, T. gondi i infection is present in swine from center China. Consumers could acquire T. gondii infection from ingestion of raw or undercooked pork.

scholarly journals Trap rebuilding by Myrmeleon brasiliensis larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) in response to flooding: the effect of body size

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1224-1232
Author(s):  
Vitor Gabriel De Oliveira Leite ◽  
Raquel Braga Aquino Florenciano ◽  
Edihanne Gamarra Arguelho ◽  
Tatiane Do Nascimento Lima
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Trap Size ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: Immature forms of the antlion Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) build traps in dry sandy soil to capture prey. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate how the waterlogging of the soil due to rain affects the trap rebuilding and relocation behavior of M. brasiliensis of different sizes. Methods: The study was conducted between July and December 2019. Larvae M. brasiliensis were observed and collected from a forest reserve in the municipality of Aquidauana in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Results: In the natural environment, most larvae rebuilt their traps in the same location seven days after the simulation of rain, with a smaller diameter than that observed prior to the simulation of rain. In the laboratory, the movements of M. brasiliensis larvae and rebuilding of the traps after the waterlogging of the soil was affected by body size. Larger larvae moved more and were more likely to rebuild their traps. Conclusions: The saturation of the soil affects the foraging of M. brasiliensis larvae, which are impeded from rebuilding their traps for a period. In situations of long periods of saturated soil, the mortality rate of the larvae is high and rebuilding of the traps occurs after the soil dries out, but with a smaller trap size. These data suggest that changes in the rainfall pattern can affect the population structure of M. brasiliensis larvae, with the selection of larger individuals in situations of more severe rains. In this process, the smaller larvae are more affected, as their foraging is impeded.

scholarly journals Allocation of property rights in emerging governance models of agricultural cooperatives in Mato Grosso do Sul: a comparative analysis with traditional cooperatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Hocayen da Silva ◽  
Silvia Morales de Queiroz Caleman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
New Members ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Governance Models ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The discussion about the governance of agricultural cooperatives has emphasized that a better allocation of property rights interferes with the competitiveness of this business model in the increasingly internationalized and deregulated market. This study seeks a greater deepening of the allocation of property rights in agricultural cooperatives in Mato Grosso do Sul/Brazil. The qualitative research was carried out in 4 agricultural cooperatives, two considered an emerging model and two traditional cooperatives. The investigation was conducted through the analysis of minutes of Ordinary General Meetings, statutes, and semi-structured interviews with managers and presidents. It was observed that the agricultural cooperatives, seen as an emerging model, where there is a selection of new members and act in a purchasing pool format, demonstrate an evolution concerning the traditional model by pointing to a greater professionalization of management, evidence of the separation between property and management. Moreover, the emerging model becomes more attractive than the traditional one by efficiently allocating the residual rights (earnings).

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