scholarly journals Low prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pork from slaughter houses in the central of China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijing Su ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Yaoyao Lu ◽  
Fuchun Jian ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central China ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Digestive Juice ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Undercooked Pork

Abstract Background: Toxoplasma gondii is widely distributed and can infect many species of warm-blooded animals , including swine. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in pork from the cent er of China. A total of 2 798 samples, including 305 hearts, 2086 diaphragm s , and 4 0 7 sera were collected from Henan Province, China . The modified agglutination test was used to detect antibodies against T. gondii in ser a from jugular vein blood and heart blood (cut-off: 1:25) , diaphragm exudate (cut-off: 1:10) . T. gondii DNA was screened from the digestive juice of all diaphragm tissue samples , and attempt to isolate viable T. gondii strain by bioassay in mice.Results: A total of 9.94% (278/2798) swine showed sera conversion of T. gondii antibodies. Region , but not gender , was associated with T. gondi infection in swine. T. gondii nucleic acid w as not found in the meat digestive juice s ( 2090 swine ) . Three groups of mice showed T. gondii antibodies after having been bioassayed with diaphragm samples (3/81). Unfortunately, no viable T. gondii strain was isolated from pork.Conclusions : This is the first large-scale survey T. gondi infection in pork from central China. Overall, the prevalence of viable T. gondii in pork was extremely low. Nevertheless, T. gondi i infection is present in swine from center China. Consumers could acquire T. gondii infection from ingestion of raw or undercooked pork.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi among domestic rabbits in central China

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Zhijun Yao ◽  
Lingjuan Li ◽  
Yaoqian Pan ◽  
Pengju Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Central China ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Encephalitozoon Cuniculi ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Domestic Rabbits

Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are frequently reared for meat production in China. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and risk factors of infection in domestic rabbits raised in Henan province, central China. 1,213 serum samples of domestic rabbits were collected and tested for anti-T. gondii and anti-E. cuniculi antibodies using a modified agglutination test (MAT) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The serum positive rates of T. gondii and E. cuniculi were 128/1,213 (10.55%) and 235/1,213 (19.37%), respectively. Co-infection of T. gondii and E. cuniculi was demonstrated in 84 specimens; 44 rabbits were seropositive for T. gondii alone, while 151 rabbits were seropositive for E. cuniculi alone. The main risk factors simultaneously associated with T. gondii and E. cuniculi infection were the age of the rabbit, the type of food, and the rabbit rearing system. Serum positive rates of T. gondii and E. cuniculi among domestic rabbits were high, indicating the possibility of public health issues.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in domestic and wild animals from forest fragments of the municipality of Natal, northeastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislene Fátima da Silva Rocha Fournier ◽  
Marcos Gomes Lopes ◽  
Arlei Marcili ◽  
Diego Garcia Ramirez ◽  
Igor Cunha Lima Acosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus

Toxoplasmosis stands out as a global disease that has felines as definitive hosts. In the municipality of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, two parks are notable for their ecological and social importance. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in short hair cats, bats and small non-volant mammals in these two ecological reserves. Altogether, biological samples were obtained from 154 mammals, 92 wild animals from both areas and 62 domestic cats of the Parque da Cidade. In total, 22 (53.7%) non-volant wild mammals, 11 (21.5%) bats and 28 (52.8%) cats were positive for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies using the Modified Agglutination Test (≥ 25). It was possible to detect the presence of T. gondii DNA, by means of a molecular amplification of a B1 gene fragment (155bp), in 92 tissue samples from wild animals, including Didelphis albiventris, Monodelphis domestica, Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata and Glossophaga soricina. Of the 62 cats examined by the same molecular method, T. gondii DNA could be detected in 4 cats. In this study, it was observed the circulation of T. gondii in wild species and domestic cats, demonstrating the involvement of wild and domestic animals in the cycle of T. gondii.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from eared doves (Zenaida auriculata) in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Daniel de Barros ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
Dauton Luiz Zulpo ◽  
Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha ◽  
Ana Sue Sammi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Environmental Diversity ◽  
Clonal Type ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Isolates

Eared doves (Zenaida auriculata), which are common in urban, rural and wild areas in many regions of Brazil, are frequently prey for domestic cats. Therefore Toxoplasma gondii isolates obtained from doves may reflect greater environmental diversity than those from other hosts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate T. gondii seroprevalence, isolate and genotype strains from Z. auriculata. Serum and tissue samples were collected from 206 doves for use in the modified agglutination test (MAT) and mouse bioassay. The prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in the doves was 22.3% (46/206), with titers ranging from 16 to 4096, and T. gondii strains were isolated from 12 of these doves. Five genotypes were detected by means of PCR-RFLP, including ToxoDB genotypes #1, #6, #17 and #65, and one genotype that had not previously been described (ToxoDB#182). This was the first report on isolation of T. gondii from Z. auriculata. This study confirmed the genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates and the existence of clonal type II (ToxoDB genotype #1) in Brazil.

scholarly journals Serologic and molecular diagnostic and bioassay in mice for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in free ranges chickens from Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Holsback ◽  
Hilda F. de J. Pena ◽  
Alessandra Ragozo ◽  
Estela G. Lopes ◽  
Solange M. Gennari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Comparison Of Techniques ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and compare the results obtained in the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT), Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and bioassay in mice. In order to accomplish this, 40 free-range chickens from eight farms in neighboring areas to the Pantanal in Nhecolândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, were euthanized and blood samples, brain and heart were collected. The occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies found in chickens was 67.5% (27 samples), considering as a cutoff point the dilution 1:5. Among the samples analyzed, 7 (25.9%) were positive in the dilution 1:5, 3 (11.1%) in 1:10, 2 (7.4%) in 1:20, 3 (11.1%) in 1:320, 1 ( 3.7%) in 1:640, 3 (11.1%) in 1:1280, 2 (7.4%) in 1:2560, 4 (14.8%) in 1:5120 and 2 (7.4%) in 1:10.240. From the mixture of tissue samples (brain and heart) from the chickens analyzed, 16 (40%) presented electrophoretic bands compatible with T. gondii by PCR (gene B1). In the comparison of techniques, 59.26% positivity in PCR was revealed among animals that were seropositive in MAT (cutoff 1:5). From 141 inoculated mice, six (4.44%) died of acute toxoplasmosis between 15 and 23 days after inoculation. Surviving mice were sacrificed at 74 days after inoculation, and a total of 28 cysts were found in the brains of 10 distinct groups. From the seropositive hens, 27 bioassays were performed and 11 (40.7%) isolates were obtained. A greater number of isolations happened in mice that were inoculated with tissues from chickens that had high titers for anti-T. gondii antibodies. Chronic infection in mice was observed in nine groups (33.3%) from five different properties. Among the surviving mice, 25.6% were positive for T. gondii in MAT (1:25). From mice positive in PCR, 87.5% were also positive in MAT. Among the PCR-negative mice, 5.2% were positive for T. gondii in MAT. It can be concluded through this study that the occurrence of infecton by T. gondii in the rural properties studied was high, that PCR directed to gene B1 does not confirm the viability of the parasite, but it can be used as a screening method for the selection of chickens infected by T. gondii, that the animals with titer greater than 10 must be prioritized for the selection of animals for bioassay, since for them, the chances of isolating the parasite are greater and that seroconversion in experimentally infected mice is not a good indicator for isolating the agent.

An investigation into the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Bartonella spp., feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in cats in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. TIAO ◽  
C. DARRINGTON ◽  
B. MOLLA ◽  
W. J. A. SAVILLE ◽  
G. TILAHUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Feline Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Low Prevalence

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondii and Bartonella spp. are zoonotic pathogens of cats. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) are immunosuppressive viruses of cats that can affect T. gondii oocyst shedding. In this study, the prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii, Bartonella spp., FIV, as well as FeLV antigens were determined in sera from feral cats (Felis catus) from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Using the modified agglutination test, IgG antibodies to T. gondii were found in 41 (85·4%) of the 48 cats with titres of 1:25 in one, 1:50 in one, 1:200 in six, 1:400 in six, 1:800 in six, 1:1600 in eight, and 1:3200 in 13 cats. Toxoplasma gondii IgM antibodies were found in 11/46 cats tested by ELISA, suggesting recent infection. Antibodies to Bartonella spp. were found in five (11%) of 46 cats tested. Antibodies to FIV or FeLV antigen were not detected in any of the 41 cats tested. The results indicate a high prevalence of T. gondii and a low prevalence of Bartonella spp. infection in cats in Ethiopia.

Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii Tissue Cysts in Shoulder Muscles of Naturally Infected Goats and Lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 1396-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
SURABHI RANI ◽  
CAMILA K. CERQUEIRA-CÉZAR ◽  
FERNANDO H. A. MURATA ◽  
OLIVER C. H. KWOK ◽  
JITENDER P. DUBEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Seropositive Animal ◽  
Infected Meat ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
Means Of Transmission

ABSTRACT Toxoplasmosis has been recognized as a major public health problem worldwide. The consumption of uncooked or undercooked meat infected with Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts is one of the main means of transmission of this parasite. Although sheep, goats, and pigs are commonly infected with T. gondii, little information is available on the distribution of T. gondii tissue cysts in naturally infected meat. In this study, we investigated the distribution of viable T. gondii tissue cysts in shoulder muscles of naturally infected lambs and goats. Hearts and shoulders of 46 lambs and 39 goats from a local grocery store were tested for T. gondii infection. Animals were evaluated for the presence of anti–T. gondii antibodies in heart blood and clots by the modified agglutination test. Fourteen of the 85 animals (seven lambs and seven goats) were seropositive. Six to 12 samples weighing 5, 10, and 50 g were obtained from shoulder muscles of each seropositive animal and used for bioassay in mice. The distribution of viable T. gondii differed according to the size of the sample analyzed, but in general larger sample sizes resulted in higher isolation rates (P < 0.05). Results of the study revealed an uneven distribution of T. gondii in muscle samples of lambs and goats and that T. gondii can be transmitted by consumption of very small servings (5 and 10 g) of meat when it is consumed raw or is undercooked. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Occurrence and Molecular Variability of Kiwifruit Viruses in Actinidia deliciosa ‘Xuxiang’ in the Shaanxi Province of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Yuanle Zhang ◽  
Zhanmin Wu ◽  
Qiao-Chun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
First Report ◽  
Molecular Variability ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Actinidia Spp ◽  
Main Producer

Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is an economically substantial fruit crop with China the main producer. China is the primary source of wild kiwifruit and the largest producer of kiwifruit in terms of both production and planting area, and Shaanxi province is the largest kiwifruit producer in China. Previous studies reported presence of kiwifruit viruses in Actinidia chinensis. In this study, six viruses were identified in kiwifruit ‘Xuxiang’ (A. deliciosa) in Shaanxi, China. The incidence, distribution, and genetic diversity of these viruses were studied. The results showed that Actinidia virus A (AcVA), Actinidia virus B (AcVB), Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated virus (AcCRaV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), and potato virus X (PVX) were the main viruses infecting Xuxiang kiwifruit in Shaanxi, China. Incidence of the various viruses with both single and multiple infection varied with different kiwifruit-growing counties. For single virus infection, the highest and the lowest numbers of samples infected were about 22 for AcCRaV and 0 for AcVB in Meixian out of 170 samples, 12 for AcVA and 0 for CMV in Zhouzhi out of 120 samples, 10 for AcVA and 0 for AcVB, AcCRaV, ASGV, PVX, and CMV in Yangling out of 70 samples, and 8 for AcCRaV and CMV and 0 for AcVA, AcVB, ASGV, and PVX in Hanzhong out of 80 samples, respectively. Samples which were multiply infected with two or more viruses were also detected. Analysis of the phylogenetic tree of these viruses showed some genetic variability in the AcVA, AcVB, and AcCRaV isolates of Shaanxi kiwifruit. There was no obvious molecular variation in the coat protein genes of ASGV, CMV, and PVX virus isolates from Shaanxi kiwifruit. The present study is the first large-scale survey of kiwifruit viruses in Shaanxi, China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PVX infecting kiwifruit and the first report of molecular variability of AcVA, AcVB, and AcCRaV. These results provide important data for studying the genetic evolution of AcVA, AcVB, AcCRaV, ASGV, CMV, and PVX.

scholarly journals Correcting Citizens’ Misperceptions about non-Western Immigrants: Corrective Information, Interpretations, and Policy Opinions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Juhl Jørgensen ◽  
Mathias Osmundsen
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Information Change ◽  
Corrective Information

Abstract Can corrective information change citizens’ misperceptions about immigrants and subsequently lead to favorable immigration opinions? While prior studies from the USA document how corrections about the size of minority populations fail to change citizens’ immigration-related opinions, they do not examine how other facts that speak to immigrants’ cultural or economic dependency rates can influence immigration policy opinions. To extend earlier work, we conducted a large-scale survey experiment fielded to a nationally representative sample of Danes. We randomly expose participants to information about non-Western immigrants’ (1) welfare dependency rate, (2) crime rate, and (3) proportion of the total population. We find that participants update their factual beliefs in light of correct information, but reinterpret the information in a highly selective fashion, ultimately failing to change their policy preferences.

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