scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and extended-spectrum β-lactamases production of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from three dairy herds

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego B. Nóbrega ◽  
Marcos V.S. Guiduce ◽  
Felipe F. Guimarães ◽  
Danilo F. Riboli ◽  
Maria L.R.S. Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Cattle Herds

The objectives of this study were to isolate Klebsiella pneumoniae from different sources in three dairy cattle herds, to use the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to measure genotypic similarities between isolates within a dairy herd, to verify the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) by the double-disk synergy test (DDST), and to use the PCR to detect the main ESBLs subgroups genes. Three dairy farms were selected based on previous mastitis outbreaks caused by K. pneumoniae. Milk samples were collected from lactating cows and from the bulk tank. Swabs were performed in different locations, including milking parlors, waiting room, soil, animal's hind limbs and rectum. K. pneumoniae was isolated from 27 cases of intramammary infections (IMI) and from 41 swabs. For farm A isolates from IMI and bulk tank were considered of the same PGFE subtype. One isolate from a bulk tank, three from IMI cases and four from environmental samples were positive in the DDST test. All eight DDST positive isolates harbored the bla shv gene, one harbored the bla tem gene, and three harbored the bla ctx-m gene, including the bulk tank isolate. Our study confirms that ESBL producing bacteria is present in different locations in dairy farms, and may be responsible for IMI. The detection of ESBLs on dairy herds could be a major concern for both public and animal health.

Comparing the performance of Holstein and Friesian dairy cows on British dairy farms

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
G. E. Pollott ◽  
J. D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Friesian Cows

In recent years there has been an influx of Holstein genes into the UK dairy herd, largely achieved by a ‘grading up’ process using imported Holstein semen on Friesian cows. The research reported here investigates this process using performance records from UK dairy herds.

Measuring the economic impact of improved control of sub-clinical mastitis in Irish dairy herds

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. DILLON ◽  
T. HENNESSY ◽  
J. CULLINAN
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYImprovements in milk quality are important if the Irish dairy industry is to grow sustainably and retain a competitive advantage in a post-quota environment. In this regard, superior animal health has an important role to play. In order to reduce the costs of disease and to improve best practice it is important to demonstrate the economic gains achievable from improved dairy herd health. Elevated levels of somatic cell count (SCC) are an indicator of the prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis in dairy herds. Nationally representative farm-level data for Ireland (2008–2011) and panel data methods are used here to consider the independent effect of herd-level SCC (an annual weighted average figure based on monthly milk bulk tank readings) on both milk yield and gross margin per cow. Results indicate a 2% reduction in productivity for farms with SCC above 400 (‘000 cells/ml), while a reduction in bulk tank SCC from 400 to 300 (‘000 cells/ml) for the average herd (55 cows) results in an annual increase in gross margin of €1045. The impact of a range of herd management practices on SCC is also considered, with such practices shown to be important in influencing animal health.

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Broilers in Shandong Province, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1169-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
SONG LI ◽  
MIAOMIAO ZHAO ◽  
JUNHE LIU ◽  
YUFA ZHOU ◽  
ZENGMIN MIAO
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
M 14

ABSTRACT Food-producing animals carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) have posed a potential threat to human and animal health. However, information regarding ESBL-EC in the intensive broiler breeding areas of Shandong Province, People's Republic of China, is very limited. The goal of our study was to investigate the prevalence and drug resistance characteristics of ESBL-EC in healthy broilers from Shandong Province. A total of 142 ESBL-EC isolates were collected from four prefectures in Shandong Province from October 2014 to February 2015. ESBL-EC isolates were frequently detected (142 of 160 samples, 88.8%) in healthy broilers. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all 142 ESBL-EC isolates were resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin, and cefazolin but were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. All ESBL-EC isolates carried one or more of the bla genes, in which blaCTX-M, blaTEM-1, and blaSHV-5 genes were identified in 142, 106, and 5 isolates, respectively. The blaCTX-M gene includes blaCTX-M-15 (56), blaCTX-M-65 (42), blaCTX-M-55 (36), blaCTX-M-14 (21), blaCTX-M-79 (1), blaCTX-M-3 (1), blaCTX-M-123 (1), and blaCTX-M-132 (1). In addition, 17 ESBL-EC isolates cocarried the genes of the CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-9 groups. Our findings indicate that healthy broiler flocks in Shandong Province in China are an important reservoir for ESBL-EC, with blaCTX-M and blaTEM-1 being the prevalent resistance genes identified.

A survey of anti-Ostertagia ostertagii antibody levels in bulk tank milk samples (BTM) in dairy herds in Lower Silesia Region (Poland)

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Płoneczka-Janeczko ◽  
J. Piekarska ◽  
K. Rypuła ◽  
M. Mazurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Density Ratio ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Optical Density Ratio ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Lower Silesia

A survey of anti-Ostertagia ostertagii antibody levels in bulk tank milk samples (BTM) in dairy herds in Lower Silesia Region (Poland) This work presents serological evidence of cattle ostertagiosis in the Lower Silesia Region (Poland), based on the measurement of antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) samples. It represents the first evidence of this parasite examined with the use of the ELISA test and milk samples in Poland. The prevalence of Ostertagia ostertagii antibodies was determined in BTM from 32 dairy cattle herds. Antibodies to O. ostertagii were demonstrated in all herds. The optical density ratio (ODR) varied from -0.088 to 1.024. The mean ODR value in the examined region was 0.53.

scholarly journals Estimation of the within-herd transmission rates of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in extensively grazed beef cattle herds

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Hee Han ◽  
Jenny F. Weston ◽  
Cord Heuer ◽  
M. Carolyn Gates
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Computation Method ◽  
Posterior Density ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Highest Posterior Density

AbstractMany research groups have developed mathematical models to simulate the dynamics of BVDV infections in cattle herds. However, most models use estimates for within-herd BVDV transmission rates that are either based on expert opinion or adapted from other dairy herd simulation models presented in the literature. There is currently little information on the transmission rates for BVDV in extensively grazed beef herds partly due to the logistical challenges in obtaining longitudinal data of individual animal’s seroconversion, and it may not be appropriate to apply the same transmission rates from intensive dairy herds given the significant differences in herd demographics and management. To address this knowledge gap, we measured BVDV antibody levels in 15 replacement heifers in each of 75 New Zealand beef breeding farms after their first calving and again at pregnancy scanning or weaning to check for seroconversion. Among these, data from 9 farms were used to infer the within-herd BVDV transmission rate with an approximate Bayesian computation method. The most probable within-herd BVDV transmission rate was estimated as 0.11 per persistently infected (PI) animal per day with a 95% highest posterior density interval between 0.03 and 0.34. This suggests that BVDV transmission in extensively grazed beef herds is generally slower than in dairy herds where the transmission rate has been estimated at 0.50 per PI animal per day and therefore may not be sufficient to ensure that all susceptible breeding females gain adequate immunity to the virus before the risk period of early pregnancy for generating new PI calves.

scholarly journals Complex problem analysis of the Hungarian dairy farms

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Beáta Blaskó ◽  
Krisztián Kovács ◽  
László Szőllősi ◽  
István Szűcs
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
The European Union

Hungarian dairy farms went through significant changes in past two decades. The most significant changes were caused by our accession to the European Union in 2004. In Hungary milk production remarkably declined after EU accession due to the decreasing level of support and decreasing milk prices. Size of our dairy herd has been practically reducing since the political transformation (1989); meanwhile the relative yields per cow have been continuously increasing. Relatively low prices, high production costs and tightening quality requirements ousted several producers – mainly small farms - from the market in past years. Feeding cost represents the highest rate in cost structure of production, but animal health expenditures and various losses are also significant. Applied technology of the Hungarian dairies lags behind theWestern-European competitors’; in addition they have handicaps in efficiency and product innovation. Moreover Hungarian milk and milk product consumption is about half of the Union average. In 2007 at the University of Debrecen the opportunities and the problems of this sector were discussed in the framework of a research and development project entitled “Project-generating based on sector-specific innovation”.At this workshop farmers, experts and advisers shared their ideas which were all gathered. The main objective of our paper is to provide useful information for the decision makers and the most important members of the sector. Using the practically successful ideas plus the ideas based on previous experience a new strategic concept was created. To reach the objective of this paper we collected, synthesized and analysed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the dairy farms and performed a SWOT analysis. On the basis of this SWOT analysis we set up a well organised problem hierarchy which would help to identify the main weaknesses of the sector. This analysis gives a great framework for the researches and it also gives a useful tool for the decision makers to improve the competitiveness of the Hungarian dairy sector.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bulk Tank Milk in Organic and Conventional Dairy Herds in the Midwestern United States and Denmark

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1104-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SATO ◽  
T. W. BENNEDSGAARD ◽  
P. C. BARTLETT ◽  
R. J. ERSKINE ◽  
J. B. KANEENE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Aureus Isolate ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank

An observational study was conducted to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk in organic and conventional dairy farms in Wisconsin, United States, and southern Jutland, Denmark. Bulk tank milk samples and data regarding management and production were collected from 30 organic and 30 conventional dairy farms in Wisconsin and 20 organic and 20 conventional dairy farms in Denmark. S. aureus isolates were tested for resistance against 15 antimicrobial agents by semiautomatic microbroth dilution methods in each country. Of the 118 bulk tank milk samples in Wisconsin, 71 samples (60%) yielded at least one S. aureus isolate, and a total of 331 isolates were collected. Of the 40 bulk tank milk samples from Denmark, 27 samples (55%) yielded at least one S. aureus isolate, and a total of 152 isolates were collected. Significant differences between organic and conventional dairies were detected only to ciprofloxacin in Wisconsin and avilamycin in Denmark. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two countries were detected in nine antimicrobials. Denmark had a higher probability of having reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and streptomycin (P = 0.015 and 0.003, respectively). Wisconsin isolates had a higher probability of having reduced susceptibility to seven other antimicrobial agents (bacitracin, gentamicin, kanamycin, penicillin, sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim). We found small differences between organic and conventional farm types in each country and larger differences between the two national agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Rotavirus G-Type Restriction, Persistence, and Herd Type Specificity in Swedish Cattle Herds

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. de Verdier Klingenberg ◽  
M. Nilsson ◽  
L. Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Cattle Herds

ABSTRACT G-typing of rotavirus strains enables the study of molecular epidemiology and gathering of information to promote disease prevention and control. Rotavirus strains in fecal specimens from neonatal calves in Swedish cattle herds were therefore characterized by using G1 to -4-, G6-, G8-, and G10-specific primers in reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Fecal samples were collected from one dairy herd (herd A) for 4 consecutive years and from 41 beef and dairy herds (herd B) experiencing calf diarrhea outbreaks. Altogether, 1,700 samples were analyzed by group A rotavirus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 98 rotavirus-positive specimens were selected for G-typing by RT-PCR. The effect of herd type, time, geographic region, and clinical symptoms on the G-type distribution was evaluated. Altogether (herds A and B), G10 was found in 59 (60.2%) fecal specimens, G6 was found in 30 (30.6%) specimens, G3 was found in 1 (1.0%) specimen, and G8 was found in 1 (1.0%) specimen. Seven (7.1%) fecal specimens were not typeable. Herd type specificity in the G-type distribution was demonstrated in the herds in herd B. In the 6 beef suckler herds, only G6 was detected, while rotavirus strains from the 35 dairy herds were predominantly (54%) G10. The G-type distribution was restricted in herds A and B. Twenty-nine of 30 strains from herd A were characterized as G10. In the vast majority of herds in herd B, a single G-type was identified. The serotype G10 and the electropherotype persisted over time in herd A. No characteristic G-type variation in the geographic distribution of cattle herds in herd B was obvious. There was no difference in the G-type distributions between the strains from clinically and subclinically rotavirus-infected calves in dairy herd A. The results from this study strongly indicate a pronounced stability in the rotavirus G-type distribution in Swedish cattle herds, which emphasizes the importance of continuous preventive measures for control of neonatal calf diarrhea. A future bovine rotavirus vaccine in Sweden should contain G10 and G6 strains.

Use of Bulk Tank and Milk Filter Cultures in Screening for Streptococcus agalactiae and Coagulase-positive Staphylococci

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 848-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL C. BARTLETT ◽  
GAY Y. MILLER ◽  
SUE E. LANCE ◽  
LAWRENCE E. HEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Sampling Scheme ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

The use of a single bulk tank milk culture and a single milk filter culture was studied for their suitability as screening tests for coagulase-positive staphylococci and Streptococcus agalactiae. Bulk tank and bulk tank milk filter cultures were compared to quarter milk cultures taken from individual cows at 49 Ohio dairy herds selected from all Ohio dairy herds by a stratified random sampling scheme. Individual cow quarter milk samples were collected from a sample of all milking cows using a sampling scheme designed to detect an organism present in 2% of quarters, with 95% confidence intervals between 1 and 3%. Seventeen (35%) herds had one or more cows positive for S. agalactiae and 34 (69%) had one or more cows positive for coagulase-positive staphylococci. Using the results of individual cow sampling as the standard, the sensitivity for S. agalactiae was estimated as 23.5% for a single milk filter sample and 35.3% for a single bulk tank milk sample. The sensitivity for coagulase-positive staphylococci was estimated as 52.9% for a single milk filter culture and 41.2% for a single bulk tank milk culture. Based on these results and those of others, it appears that a single bulk tank or milk filter sample has a relatively low sensitivity for both coagulase-positive staphylococci and S. agalactiae, making these poor screening tests for the presence of these pathogens within a dairy herd.

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