scholarly journals Babesia canis vogeli infection in dogs and ticks in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreina C. Araujo ◽  
Júlia A.G. Silveira ◽  
Sérgio S. Azevedo ◽  
Fernanda A. Nieri-Bastos ◽  
Múcio F.B. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract:This study aimed to report the prevalence of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs and ticks in the urban and rural areas of Petrolina, Pernambuco. Serum and peripheral blood samples of 404 dogs were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and by blood smears, respectively. The presence of tick infestation was evaluated, and some specimens were submitted to DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of antibodies anti-B. canis vogeli was determinate in 57.9% (234/404) of dogs. The direct detection of Babesia spp was obtained in 0.5% (2/404) dogs by visualization of intraerythrocytic forms. Infestation by Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was observed in 54.5% (220/404) of dogs in both urban and rural areas. DNA of Babesia canis vogeli were obtained by PCR in 6% individual (3/50) and 8.7% of pool of ticks (7/80). The risk factors for the presence of anti-B. canis vogeli antibodies, as determined through the application of logistic regression models (P<0.05), were the following: medium breed size variables (P<0.001); contact with areas of forest (P=0.021); and access on the street (P=0.046). This study describes, for the first time, the confirmation of infection of B. canis vogeli in dogs and ticks in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil.

scholarly journals Rickettsial pathogens circulating in urban districts of Rio de Janeiro, without report of human Brazilian Spotted Fever

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Destri Emmerick Campos ◽  
Nathalie Costa da Cunha ◽  
Camila de Souza Cerqueira Machado ◽  
Erich Loza Telleria ◽  
Matheus Dias Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato

Abstract Spotted fever group rickettsioses are emerging diseases. In some of these diseases, domestic dogs act as sentinels. Canine serological studies have demonstrated that rickettsial dispersion is concentrated in rural areas, seroprevalence being higher where human rickettsioses are endemic. In Rio de Janeiro, the Atlantic forest vegetation has been devastated by urbanization. In this context, we aimed to detect Rickettsia spp. in urban areas of the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro. Sera from 130 dogs were tested by Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay, and ticks collected from these dogs were tested by polymerase chain reaction. We found the rate of serological reactions against R. rickettsii and R. parkeri in our study area to exceed those of rural and non-endemic areas, highlighting the importance of dogs as urban sentinels. The possibility of contact with opossums and capybaras increased the chances of exposure to Rickettsia spp., reinforcing the hypothetical link between the landscape and the rickettsial wild cycle. Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was the tick most frequently observed. PCR-positive samples showed similarity with R. rickettsii and R. felis, an emerging pathogen rarely reported from ticks. We observed that rickettsiae circulate in urban places and ticks from indoor environments, which may be involved in bacterial epidemiology.

scholarly journals Survey of Ehrlichia canis, Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. in dogs from a semiarid region of Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Emmanuelle de Farias Rotondano ◽  
Herta Karyanne Araújo Almeida ◽  
Felipe da Silva Krawczak ◽  
Vanessa Lira Santana ◽  
Ivana Fernandes Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Smear ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Babesia Vogeli ◽  
Blood Smear Examination ◽  
Babesia Spp

This study assessed the occurrence of Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. infections in 100 tick-harboring dogs from a semiarid region of the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Blood samples and ticks were collected from the animals, and a questionnaire was submitted to dog owners to obtain general data. Blood samples were used to perform hemogram, direct blood smear and immunological and molecular hemoparasite detection. The 1,151 ticks collected were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus; direct smears revealed E. canis-like morulae in the monocytes of 4% (4/100) of the non-vaccinated female dogs, and 34% and 25% of the dogs tested positive for Ehrlichia canis by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Blood smear examination revealed Babesia-suggestive merozoites in the erythrocytes of 2% (2/100) of the animals. Babesia vogeli was detected by PCR in ten animals (10%) and was correlated with young age (p = 0.007) and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.01). None of the animals showed Hepatozoon spp. positivity. These results indicate that E. canis is the main tick-borne canine pathogen in the study area and provide the first report of B. vogeli infection in dogs from Paraiba State.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys in a hospital population of dogs clinically diagnosed with hemoparasitosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 2143-2152
Author(s):  
Aline Ticiani Pereira Paschoal ◽  
Ana Clécia dos Santos Silva ◽  
Juliana Correa Bernardes ◽  
Eloiza Teles Caldart ◽  
Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Anaplasma Platys ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Babesia Vogeli ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Etiological Agents

There is an increase in tick-borne diseases in dogs in urban and rural areas in Brazil and some of these are of public health importance. Rhipicephalus sanguineus-transmitted hemoparasitoses are the main causes of mortality in dogs. The present study investigated the molecular occurrence of Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli and Anaplasma platys in dogs with clinical sings and hematological abnormalities suggestive of tick-borne diseases. These dogs were seen at a Veterinary Hospital of a Public University between January 2014 and December 2016, and were evaluated through anamnesis, clinical examination and complementary exams. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect the presence of hemoparasites DNA. From the 461 dogs that were tested for B. vogeli, 10.6% (49/461) were positive, the associated variable was age. Regarding the 730 animals screened for E. canis, 15.1% (110/730) were positive, and the infection was associated with hematocrit and number of platelets. Relative to the 86 samples evaluated for A. platys, 15.1% (13/86) were positive, and no variable presented statistical significance. From the animals positive for B. vogeli, no of these showed positivity by qPCR for Rangelia vitalii. It is concluded that the occurrence of hemoparasitosis in dogs from the Londrina region is common. Therefore, it is emphasized that molecular techniques should be used as an auxiliary tool for the differential diagnosis of the different etiological agents causing hemoparasitosis. Additionally, these molecular tools are essential for better investigation and preventive assertiveness because it allows to detect parasite DNA.

scholarly journals Survey of canine tick-borne diseases in Lábrea, Brazilian Amazon: ‘accidental’ findings of Dirofilaria immitis infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Sousa Soares ◽  
Luis Marcelo Aranha Camargo ◽  
Solange Maria Gennari ◽  
Marcelo Bahia Labruna
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Blood samples were collected from 99 domestic dogs from the urban and rural areas of the Lábrea municipality, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Canine serum samples were tested by immunofluorescence assay against Rickettsia spp., which revealed that only 3.0% (1/33) and 7.6% (5/66) of the dogs from urban and rural areas, respectively, reacted positively to at least one Rickettsia species. DNA was extracted from canine blood and tested by a battery of PCR assays targeting protozoa of the genera Babesia and Hepatozoon, and bacteria of the genera Rickettsia and Ehrlichia and family Anaplasmataceae. All samples were negative in the PCR assays targeting the genera Babesia, Hepatozoon, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia. For Anaplasmataceae, 3% (1/33) and 39.4% (26/66) of the urban and rural dogs, respectively, yielded amplicons that generated DNA sequences 100% identical to the corresponding sequence of Wolbachia endosymbiont of Dirofilaria immitis. Because of these results, all canine DNA samples were further tested in a PCR assay targeting filarial nematodes, which was positive for 18.2% (6/33) and 57.6% (38/66) urban and rural dogs, respectively. Filarial-PCR products generated DNA sequences 100% identical to D. immitis. While tick-borne infections were rare in Lábrea, D. immitis infection rates were among the highest reported in South America.

scholarly journals Chikungunya Virus Infection-associated Arthralgia in Adult Jamaicans Post-outbreak

2018 ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
O O’Sullivan ◽  
T Campbell ◽  
A Darby ◽  
N Mourillon ◽  
J Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Objective: To report demographic and self-reported clinical characteristics associated with persistent and severe arthralgia 8–12 months post-chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 306 adults who self-reported CHIKV infection was conducted. Subjects were consecutively enrolled at public primary healthcare centres in urban and rural areas in Jamaica. Adults with arthralgic conditions were compared with those who reported no arthralgia. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine demographic and self-reported clinical factors associated with severe arthralgia and persistent arthralgia. Results: Most subjects (70.3%) reported arthralgia after CHIKV outbreak (age: 47.6 ± 18.5 years). Medical consultation (36.2%) and laboratory confirmation (1.4%) were low. The prevalence of persistent and severe arthralgia in the previous month was 30.3% and 27.5%, respectively. Severe arthralgia was associated with the female gender (odds ratio (OR): 2.44; 95% confidence level (CI): 1.08, 5.52) and pre-existing arthritis (OR: 3.78; 95% CI: 1.23, 11.62). Females showed a greater likelihood of persistent arthralgia (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.09, 4.39). Conclusion: Self-perceived arthralgia was an important feature 8–12 months post-CHIKV infection and has implications for the recognition and management of arthritis/rheumatic conditions.

scholarly journals Serosurvey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from urban and rural areas from Parana State, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thállitha Samih Wischral Jayme Vieira ◽  
Rafael Felipe da Costa Vieira ◽  
Denise Amaral Gomes do Nascimento ◽  
Kátia Tamekuni ◽  
Roberta dos Santos Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Babesia Vogeli ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Considering the zoonotic potential of tick-borne disease (TBD) agents and the fact that dogs may act as sentinels for human infection, the aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of TBD agents and risk factors for exposure in two different canine populations from Parana State, Southern Brazil. A total of 138 dog serum samples from urban (UA) (n=68) and rural (RA) (n=70) areas were tested with commercial ELISA rapid test forAnaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canisand Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT) for Babesia vogeli. An overall of 92∕138 (66.7%) dogs, being 62∕68 (91.2%) from UA and 30∕70 (42.9%) from RA, were seropositive for at least one TBD agent. From the total number of dogs, sixty-two were positive for E. canis (44.9%), 19 (13.8%) for A. phagocytophilum, and 64 (46.4%) for B. vogeli. Anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies were not detected. Dogs from UA showed a higher percentage of tick infestation (p = 0.0135) and were highly associated with seropositivity to E. canis (p = 0.000005), A. phagocytophilum (p = 0.0001), and B. vogeli (p = 0.0012). In summary, the findings indicate that dogs from urban areas present higher potential risk exposure to TBD pathogens than those from rural areas.

Risk factors associated with seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dogs from urban and rural areas of milk and coffee production in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 2286-2293 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. NOGUEIRA ◽  
L. P. MESQUITA ◽  
C. C. ABREU ◽  
K. Y. R. NAKAGAKI ◽  
J. N. SEIXAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

SUMMARYThis study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and to investigate the risk factors related to seroprevalence in dogs from urban and rural areas with distinct economic activities (milk and coffee production) in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. For this purpose, blood samples from 703 dogs were collected and questionnaires addressing epidemiological aspects were completed by dog-owners. The sera were analysed for anti-N. caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT ⩾ 1:50). Association between epidemiological aspects and seropositivity in dogs was evaluated with multivariate logistic regression models. A total of 80 (11·4%) dogs tested positive for N. caninum. In the multivariate logistic regression models, dogs aged >4 years, dogs used as guard dogs, dogs that spontaneously hunt, and history of bovine abortion were found to be greater risk factors for canine N. caninum infection. When we considered only dogs from rural areas, an association with seroprevalence was seen for milk farms, dogs not fed with commercial food, dogs that hunt, and dogs used as guard dogs.

scholarly journals A serological and molecular survey of Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia spp. among dogs in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Pereira da Costa ◽  
Francisco Borges Costa ◽  
Marcelo Bahia Labruna ◽  
Iara Silveira ◽  
Jonas Moraes-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Babesia Vogeli ◽  
Rickettsia Amblyommii ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato ◽  
Rickettsia Bellii ◽  
Babesia Spp

This study evaluated exposure and infection by tick-borne agents (Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia spp.) in 172 dogs in rural areas and 150 dogs in urban areas of the municipality of Chapadinha, state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, using molecular and serological methods. Overall, 16.1% of the sampled dogs (52/322) were seroreactive to B. vogeli, with endpoint titers ranging from 40 to 640. For E. canis, 14.6% of the dogs (47/322) were seroreactive, with endpoint titers from 80 to 163,840. Antibodies reactive to at least one of the five species of Rickettsia were detected in 18.9% of the dogs (61/322), with endpoint titers ranging from 64 to 4,096. High endpoint titers were observed for Rickettsia amblyommii. Three (0.9%) and nine (2.8%) canine blood samples were PCR-positive for Babesia spp. and E. canis. The ticks collected from urban dogs were all Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, whereas the rural dogs were infested by R. sanguineus s.l, Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato and Amblyomma ovale. One A. ovale tick was found to be infected by Rickettsia bellii. This study provides an epidemiological background for controlling and preventing canine tick-borne diseases in a neglected region of Brazil.

scholarly journals Freshwater mollusks from three reservoirs of Piauí, northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Lourenço da Silva ◽  
Adriana Josefa da Rocha ◽  
Manuella Feitosa Leal ◽  
Orianna dos Santos ◽  
João Hemerson de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Melanoides Tuberculata ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Freshwater Mollusks ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Abstract: The pronounced dry season determines the characteristics of the semiarid region of Brazil. Numerous small reservoirs are built to overcome this condition, accumulating multiple uses and causing important changes in the landscape and the local biota. Considering the limited amount of information about the malacofauna of reservoirs, mainly in the Northeast region of the country, this inventory provides a list of mollusks from three important reservoirs located in the city of São Julião, state of Piauí. The collections were carried out monthly between May/2017 and April/2018, sampling a total of 11,149 mollusks, corresponding to the species Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) (n = 9,724), Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) (n = 1,361) and Pomacea lineata (Spix, 1827) (n = 64). The richness of mollusks from the three reservoirs was low, similar to those described in studies conducted in other regions of Northeast Brazil. There was a significant difference in the abundance of M. tuberculata and B. straminea among the studied reservoirs. These environments are not connected and are installed in urban and rural areas, presenting different ecological conditions. The relationship between the human population and the reservoirs, associated with the lack of sanitation, increases the risks of spreading waterborne diseases besides the development of environmental imbalance by the introduction of exotic species.

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