scholarly journals Resistance to Glyphosate in Populations of Digitaria insularis

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. COSTA ◽  
G. MORATELLI ◽  
S.D. FERREIRA ◽  
A.C. SALVALAGGIO ◽  
A.C.P. RODRIGUES-COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT: The intensive use of glyphosate can select resistant populations. This study aimed at evaluating the occurrence of glyphosate resistance in populations of D. insularis in agricultural areas. Three experiments were conducted in randomized block experimental design with four replications. The Resistance Degree (RD) was determined by a dose-response curve in the evaluated populations: Experiment 2012, São Camilo (R01 and R02) and Palotina (R03, R04 and S05-susceptible); Experiment 2013 Palotina (R06 and R12), Katueté/Paraguay (R07), Toledo (R08 and R10), Cascavel (R09), São Miguel do Iguaçu (R11), Dom Eliseu/Pará (S13-susceptible); Experiment 2015 Nova Aurora (R14), Iracema do Oeste (R15 and R16), Jesuitas (R17 and R18), Tupãssi (R19), Jotaesse (R20), Espigão Azul (R21) and Palmitopolis (S22- susceptible). In 2012, it was possible to confirm a moderate resistance (RD = 1.1 to 5.0) only in R03; and populations R01, R02 and R04 were highly resistant (RD>5.0). In 2013, populations R09, R10, R11 and R12 showed resistance, while R06, R07 and R08 were highly resistant. In 2015, the R14, R16, R18, R19 and R20 populations showed moderateresistance, and R15 and R18 were highly resistant. Only R21 was susceptible. It was found that 83% of producers use the no-tillage system, 100% use the succession soybean/corn with 90% transgenic varieties, 45% of producers cannot explain the procedure regulation/sprayer calibration. Around 62% use practices to prevent the selection of resistant biotypes. Resistance was confirmed in 89.5% of the populations. The adopted agronomic practices may explain these results.

scholarly journals Technical and Economic Viability of Wheat with Forms of Application and Doses of Boron

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Eduardo H. M. Boleta ◽  
Willian L. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

Boron is one of the most limiting micronutrients in grains production system in Brazil. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the effect of forms of application and doses of boron in irrigated wheat grain yield evaluating the economic terms in Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in no-tillage system in an Oxisol with clay texture in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates, arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme: four doses of boron (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha-1) with boric acid source (B = 17%); and three apllication forms: a) in desiccation of the predecessor straw, together with herbicide; b) at the time of sowing, in soil along with the formulated fertilization seeding and c) via leaf tissue with the application of post emergent herbicide. The application of 2 kg ha-1 provides greater grain yields, but the highest economic return was obtained at the dose of 1 kg ha-1, with application in soil, ensuring profitability from production of irrigated wheat in the Cerrado.

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE DE FITOMASSA DE REBROTAS DE SORGO EM CONSÓRCIO COM CAPIM-PAIAGUÁS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
ALLAN HISASHI NAKAO ◽  
MARCELO ANDREOTTI ◽  
VIVIANE CRISTINA MODESTO ◽  
ISABÔ MELINA PASCOALOTO ◽  
DEYVISON DE ASEVEDO SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Sorghum Grain

RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de matéria seca e verificar o acúmulo denutrientes das rebrotas do sorgo granífero ou dupla aptidão consorciados ou não com capim-paiaguás, com ou sema inoculação por Azospirillum brasilense, para continuidade do sistema plantio direto no Cerrado, após colheita paraensilagem. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Estadual Paulista(Unesp) - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi emesquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por dois anos de cultivo (2015 e2016); em cultivo exclusivo (solteiro) dos sorgos (granífero ou dupla aptidão) ou em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás,com ou sem a inoculação das sementes de sorgo com a bactéria diazotrófica Azospirillum brasilense. O aproveitamentoda rebrota do sorgo granífero ou de dupla aptidão, principalmente em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás, apresentou-seviável na produção de palhada remanescente no período de entressafra, pela maior produtividade de matéria seca, commaior acúmulo de nutrientes.Palavras-chave: Decomposição, integração lavoura-pecuária, Urochloa brizantha, plantio direto.PHYTOMASS PRODUCTIVITY OF SORGHUM INTERCROPPEDWITH PAIAGUÁS GRASSABSTRACT: This study objectified to evaluate the dry matter productive performance and to verify the nutrientaccumulation of sorghum regrowths with or without Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás (paiaguás grass)intercropped, and with or without Azospirillum brasilense inoculation, for the continuity of the no-tillage system in theCerrado, after harvesting for ensiling. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farmof the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Ilha Solteira Campus, located in the municipality of Selvíria, MatoGrosso do Sul State. The experimental design used a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments weretwo years of cultivation (2015 and 2016) and two different seeding arrangements of sorghum (grain or dual aptitude),monocropped or intercropped with paiaguás grass, with or without inoculation of sorghum seeds with Azospirillumbrasilense. The use of regrowth of both sorghum types (grain sorghum or dual aptitude), mainly intercropped withpaiaguás grass, was viable for the production of remaining straw in the off-season period, due to the higher productivityof dry matter, with greater accumulation of nutrients.Keywords: Decomposition, crop-livestock integration, Urochloa brizantha, no-tillage.

scholarly journals Desenvolvimento do Sistema de Plantio Direto no Brasil: Histórico, Implantação e Culturas Utilizadas

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Dos Santos Fernandes ◽  
Débora Perdigão Tejo ◽  
Klever Márcio Antunes Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Farming System ◽  
The United States ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agriculture Soil ◽  
De Se ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Agricultural Areas

O Sistema de Plantio Direto foi introduzido no Brasil no final da década de 1960, contudo, esse já vinha sendo empregado nos Estados Unidos desde 1950, demonstrando grandes benefícios. O objetivo do trabalho foi abordar o plantio direto no Brasil, expondo suas características e seus benefícios para a conservação do solo. É imprescindível o conhecimento técnico para obter sucesso na implantação deste sistema, e se destacam cuidados com o solo, como identificação do tipo de solo, eliminação de camadas compactadas, nivelamento, correção de acidez, entre outros. A utilização de plantas de cobertura merece atenção, pois proporciona proteção das camadas superiores do solo, evitando a erosão. Dessa forma, devem ser priorizadas as plantas de rápido desenvolvimento, visto que quanto mais rápido o desenvolvimento da espécie, mais rápido serão proporcionados os benefícios físicos ao solo. Além disso, trata-se de uma prática viável de se empregar em áreas de cultivo agrícola. Em conjunto com a adoção do método do plantio direto se pode empregar a prática de rotação de cultura, que também se mostra eficiente no processo de conservação dos recursos naturais, com destaque para o solo. Conclui-se que desde sua implantação, o sistema de plantio direto vem trazendo inúmeras vantagens para a conservação do solo, melhorando a qualidade, aumentando a rentabilidade das áreas de exploração agrícola. Palavras-chave: Agricultura Conservacionista. Conservação do Solo. Manejo do Solo. AbstractThe No-tillage Farming System was introduced in Brazil in the late 1960s, but it had been used in the United States since 1950, showing great benefits. The objective of this work was to address no - tillage in Brazil, exposing its characteristics and its benefits to soil conservation. It is essential the technical knowledge to be successful in the implementation of this system, among them stand out soil care, such as identification of soil type, elimination of compacted layers, leveling, acidity correction, among others. The use of cover plants deserves attention, as it provides protection of the soil upper layers, avoiding erosion. Therefore, fast-growing plants should be prioritized, since the faster the development of the species, the faster the physical benefits will be provided to the soil. In addition, it is a viable practice to employ in agricultural areas. In conjunction with the adoption of the no-tillage method, it is possible to use the crop rotation practice, which is also efficient in the conservation process of natural resources, especially soil. It is concluded that since its implementation, the no-tillage system has brought innumerable advantages to soil conservation, improving its quality, increasing the farm areas profitability. Keywords: Conservationist Agriculture. Soil Conservation. Management. 

PERÍODOS DE DESSECAÇÃO DO CAPIM RUZIZIENSIS E SEUS EFEITOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUTIVIDADE DO MILHO

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
ANA PAULA SILVA ◽  
MARILUCE PASCOINA NEPOMUCENO ◽  
ANDREISA FLORES BRAGA ◽  
PEDRO LUÍS DA COSTA AGUIAR ALVES
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Maize Plants

RESUMO – Considerando que há relatos de possível intoxicação de milho por causa da dessecação de capim braquiária, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o melhor período para semear o milho ‘Yield Gard DKB 390 YC’ após a dessecação da cobertura. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis períodos de dessecação do capim ruziziensis (25, 20, 15, 10, 05 e 0 dias antes da semeadura do milho) e uma testemunha sem cobertura. As dessecações foram feitas em pleno florescimento do capim ruziziensis com glyphosate a 1,44 kg ha-1. Foram avaliadas as plantas de milho aos 30 e 50 dias após a semeadura (DAS) quanto à altura, área foliar, massa seca de folhas e caule. Aos 150 DAS, foi avaliada a altura de plantas e a inserção da espiga, diâmetro e comprimento da espiga, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos. A dessecação do capim ruziziensis no mesmo dia da semeadura do milho reduziu a altura das plantas, a altura de inserção da espiga, o diâmetro da espiga e a produtividade de grãos. A melhor época para a semeadura do milho ‘Yield Gard DKB 390 YC’ após a dessecação de capim ruziziensis com glyphosate foi aos 25 dias após a dessecação.Palavras-chaves: Brachiaria ruziziensis, Urochloa ruziziensis, cobertura vegetal, plantio direto, glyphosate. EFFECTS OF DESICCATION PERIODS OF RUZIZIENSIS GRASS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE  ABSTRACT - Considering the possible occurrence of maize intoxication due to the desiccation of ruziziensis grass, the objective of this study was to evaluate the best period for sowing ‘Yield Gard DKB 390 YC’ in the no-tillage system. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. The treatments consisted of six periods of desiccation of ruziziensis grass (25, 20, 15, 10, 05 and 0 days before sowing maize) and one control without cover. The desiccations were done at full bloom of the ruziziensis grass with glyphosate at 1.44 kg ha-1. The maize plants were evaluated at 30 and 50 days after sowing (DAS) for height, leaf area, leaf and stem dry biomass. At 150 DAS, plant height and cob insertion, cob diameter and length, 100 grain mass and yield were evaluated. The desiccation of ruziziensis grass in the same day of maize sowing caused reduction in plant height, cob insertion height, cob diameter and yield. The best time for sowing ‘Yield Gard DKB 390 YC’ was 25 days after desiccation of ruziziensis grass with glyphosate.Keywords: Brachiaria ruziziensis, Urochloa ruziziensis, cover crop, no-tillage, glyphosate.

scholarly journals SULFENTRAZONE SELECTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY IN CASSAVA CROPS IN SANDY AND CLAYEY SOILS

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. COSTA ◽  
S.D. FERREIRA ◽  
J.R. RAMELLA ◽  
G. MORATELLI ◽  
R.F. DOURADO
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Weeds have the potential to dramatically interfere in cassava cultivation, reducing its productive potential; however, there are few studies on the selective herbicides in this crop. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate in this work the selectivity and efficiency of sulfentrazone in cassava crops grown in sandy and clayey soils. Two experiments were carried out: The first one was carried out in sandy soil conditions in the conventional system; and the second one was carried out in clayey soil conditions in the no-tillage system. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted in doses of 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 g ha-1 of sulfentrazone, and weeded and non-weeded controls. Sulfentrazone application in cassava crops has linearly reduced the production of roots in a proportion of 0.0153 and 0.0107 t ha-1 at each increment in grams of the active ingredient, respectively. It was concluded that sulfentrazone was not selective for cassava crops grown both in sandy and in clayey soil; however, it was highly effective in weed control in both soils.

scholarly journals Ferralsol Porosity and Density After Mechanical Scarification and Crop Rotation Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Monica C. Sustakowski ◽  
Edleusa P. Seidel ◽  
Renata F. Barabasz ◽  
Rayssa H. da Silva ◽  
Willian dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Lower Bulk Density

With intensive cultivation and the lack of crop rotation, the no-tillage system has been showing compacted areas. For its reduction, mechanical scarification and crop rotation has been recommended. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate in a no-tillage system the effect of mechanical scarification and crop rotation systems on soil porosity and density after 18 months. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The main plots consisted of maintaining the no-tillage system and minimal soil preparation with a chisel, carried out before the cultivation of cover plants. The subplots were composed of different plant species grown in winter: wheat, consortium of forage pea + black oat and consortium of black oat + forage turnip. Both were succeeded by cultivation of soy and lupin. Macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and bulk density were evaluated. After 18 months, the scarified soil showed a higher bulk density (0.10-0.15 m layer) when compared to the no-tillage system, demonstrating that this isolated decompression alternative does not improve the physical properties of the soil. The area in succession to oat + turnip/soybean/lupin showed lower bulk density.

scholarly journals Emergence of corn according to the sowing depth of the seed and loads on press wheels

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro H. Weirich Neto ◽  
Angelo R. C. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
The Real ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Tillage System

The seeding process was the operation that suffered the most changes in no-tillage system due the cover crop soil and new particle soil arrangement. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of loads applied to the wheels and adjustments of sowing depth on seedling emergence of corn in no-tillage system. The experimental design was completely randomized with a factorial arrangement 5x4, with five loads applied to the wheels and four theoretical sowing depth adjustments. The real sowing depth increased in the lower theoretical depth and decreased in the higher theoretical depth, due to the compaction loads. Regarding the time of emergence, loads applied had not influence at the greater depths. Emergence time decreased with the load increase in the lower depths. Thus, the adjustment of the compactor wheels can influence in the corn seeding process.

scholarly journals Desiccation time of the spring sorghum as a predecessor crop for summer soybean and autumn bean in a no-tillage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Marcelo S. Denadai ◽  
Luiz M. M. de Mello ◽  
Carlos A. Chioderoli ◽  
Rodolfo de Niro Gazola
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Bean Crop ◽  
Sorghum Straw

ABSTRACT Several authors have been questioned the desiccation interval between the coverage plants and sowing plants for the soybean crop. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the desiccation time of the spring sorghum as a predecessor crop for summer soybean and then for autumn bean, focusing on the straw formation for maintenance of the no-tillage system and to evaluate the yield of soybeans and beans grain, as well as analyzing the interference of sorghum straw in these cultures. The experiment was developed in the Teaching and Research Farm of FE/UNESP located in Ilha Solteira/SP where it was used an experimental design of randomized blocks with five treatments and six repetitions. The treatments consisted of five different intervals between sorghum desiccation and soybean sowing (being with D7 - Drying sorghum seven days before the soybean sowing; and successively for D14, D21, D28 and D35). In order to analyze the results, it was used the Tukey test for a 10% level of significance and the statistical program called Sisvar. The "Cober Crop" sorghum exerted influence on soybean yield but this effect was not lasting for the bean crop in succession to the soybeans.

scholarly journals MÉTODOS DE FORNECIMENTO DE NITROGÊNIO PARA MELHORAR A PRODUTIVIDADE NA CULTURA DO FEIJOEIRO IRRIGADO NO CERRADO MATO-GROSSENSE

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Anderson Lange ◽  
Edilson Cavalli ◽  
Ewerton Alves Carleto ◽  
Antonio Carlos Buchelt ◽  
Cassiano Cavalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Bean Crop ◽  
Direct Sowing

O nitrogênio é um dos elementos mais requerido pela cultura do feijoeiro e seu fornecimento à planta pode se dar por meio de adubação nitrogenada e por meio da fixação biológica. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar estratégias de manejo da adubação nitrogenada e a capacidade da associação entre inoculante e Co+Mo em substituir parcialmente o N aplicado na cultura do feijoeiro semeado em sistema irrigado. O estudo foi desenvolvido em Sinop – MT, no período de junho a outubro de 2011, época denominada inverno, sob pivô central em sistema de semeadura direta, em um Latossolo Vermelho-amarelo Distrófico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com 15 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de doses e fontes de N, inoculação com Rhizobium tropicci e tratamento de sementes com Co e Mo. Em relação aos tratamentos não se observou diferença para altura da inserção da primeira vagem e número de grãos por vagem. A produtividade foi maior nos tratamentos que receberam N. A associação da inoculação com baixas doses de N é efetiva para suprir as demandas da cultura, se igualando a elevadas doses de N. A produtividade apresentou correlação positiva e significativa com a maioria das características avaliadas.Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris, manejo do nitrogênio, semeadura direta na palha, fixação biológica de nitrogênio, cultivo de inverno. METHODS OF SUPPLY OF NITROGEN TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CULTURE OF IRRIGATED BEANS IN SAVANNA MATO-GROSSENSE ABSTRACT:Nitrogen is one of the elements most required by the bean crop and its supply to the plant can occur through nitrogen fertilization and through biological fixation. The objective of this study was to evaluate strategies of nitrogen fertilization management and the ability of the association between inoculant and Co + Mo to partially replace the N applied in the bean crop planted in irrigated system. The study was developed in Sinop-MT, from June to October 2011, a period denominated winter, under central pivot in a no-tillage system, in a Red-yellow Latosol. The experimental design was a randomized block with 15 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of rates and sources of N, inoculation with Rhizobium tropicci and treatment of seeds with Co and Mo. Regarding the treatments, no difference was observed in the height of the first pod insertion and number of grains per pod. The productivity was higher in the treatments that received N. The association of the inoculation with low rates of N is effective to meet the demands of the crop, equaling to high rates of N. The productivity showed a positive and significant correlation with most of the evaluated characteristics.Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris, management of nitrogen, direct sowing in straw, biological nitrogen fixation, winter cropping. DOI:

scholarly journals Evaluation of nitrogen fertilization for planting corn in a yellow latosol under no-tillage system

2020 ◽  
pp. 1838-1843
Author(s):  
Luana Paula Freire Souza ◽  
Manoel Tavares Paula ◽  
Carlos Alberto Costa Veloso ◽  
Eduardo Jorge Maklouf Carvalho ◽  
Arystides Resende Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Leaf N

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in relation to the population of corn plants in a yellow latosol under no-tillage system. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to four levels of N (0, 60, kg haˉ¹ 120 and 180) and four planting densities (45,000; 55,000; 65,000 and 75,000 plants haˉ¹). 48 soil samples were collected to determine chemical soil attributes (pH, OM, K, Ca, Na, Mg and Al) and 48 leaf samples to determine macronutrients in the leaf (N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg). The data were submitted to comparison of means by the Scott-Knott test. The corn yield increased linearly up to the dose of 180 kg haˉ¹ N. Higher productivity was observed with the combination of 120 and 180 N (kg haˉ¹) with the density of 75,000 plants ha-1. There was an increase in the N content in the leaves with increasing doses of N in the soil

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document