scholarly journals Influence of xylanase addition on the characteristics of loaf bread prepared with white flour or whole grain wheat flour

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandra Zafalon Jaekel ◽  
Camila Batista da Silva ◽  
Caroline Joy Steel ◽  
Yoon Kil Chang

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the addition of the enzyme xylanase (four concentrations: 0, 4, 8, and 12 g.100 kg-1 flour) on the characteristics of loaf bread made with white wheat flour or whole grain wheat flour. Breads made from white flour and added with xylanase had higher specific volumes than those of the control sample (no enzyme); however, the specific volume did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) among the breads with different enzyme concentrations. All formulations made from whole grain wheat flour and added with xylanase also had specific volumes significantly higher than those of the control sample, and the highest value was found for the 8 g xylanase.100 kg-1 flour formulation. With respect to moisture content, the formulations with different enzyme concentrations showed small significant differences when compared to the control samples. In general, breads made with the addition of 8 g enzyme.100 kg-1 flour had the lowest firmness values, thus presenting the best technological characteristics.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Khomichak ◽  
◽  
Inha Kuznietsova ◽  
Svetlana Vysotska ◽  
Sergiy Tkachenko ◽  
...  

Introduction. Processing of grain raw material with influence on starch or albumens by application of heat treatment creates the variety of functional properties of a product and is perspective in the modern terms vital functions of man. Research methods and methods. The flour obtained from wheat of the Ascanian wheat and from wheat of the soft varieties: Sophia ("sweet wheat"), Blond (soft) and Chornobrova (enriched with micro- and macronutrients) were used in the study. Thermal modification of flour samples was carried out in a convective manner. The control sample for determining the quality indicators is obtained in industrial conditions, extruded wheat flour produced by LLC "AS groups, LTD". Research results. The obtained kinetic dependence shows the gradual loss of moisture standards with different speed which accordingly influences on duration of drying. The moisture content of the drying agent most affects the intensity at the initial stage of the constant drying rate. With an increase in the moisture content of the coolant, the period of constant drying increases and the amount of evaporated moisture increases during this period. With the subsequent removal of moisture from raw materials, the degree of influence of this parameter on the intensity decreases. The nature of the drying curves is the same and the recommended process for obtaining modified flour is the process duration of 300 minutes or 5 hours. It was determined microscopically, that the samples of dried wheat flour have a purpose and are partially destroyed by starch granules and amorphization of biocomposite materials. Based on the data on the kinetics of drying flour samples, the kinetic coefficients and values of the critical moisture content for drying wheat flour were calculated, which is 1.18-1.30 %. It was determined that for the sensorial indicators the obtained samples have indicators characteristic of the varietal characteristics of wheat, from which the flour was taken. In terms of physical and chemical parameters, the modified wheat flour samples are not inferior to the well-known industrial sample of extruded flour. Conclusions. Use of flour, obtained from the wheat with different correlation of amilose and amylopectin, positively influences on a technological process and allows to extend the assortment of modified starch products, and accordingly, food products. Kinetics of the convective drying standards of the flour is investigated. Researches showed that a it is physically modified flour obtained from the different sorts of the soft wheat is not inferior in quality to the extruded wheat flour.


1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Anne Levrat-Verny ◽  
Charles Coudray ◽  
Jacques Bellanger ◽  
Hubert W. Lopez ◽  
Christian Demigné ◽  
...  

Consumption of unrefined whole flour is thought to affect mineral bioavailability because it contains high levels of fibre and phytic acid. The present experiment was designed to study the absorption of minerals from diets based on wholewheat flour and white wheat flour in rats. Two groups of male Wistar rats were fed on the diets for 3 weeks and absorption and tissue retention of minerals were studied. The rats fed on the wholewheat flour diet had significantly greater food intake, weight gain, faecal excretion and intestinal fermentation than those fed on the white flour diet. Mineral intakes, except for Ca, were significantly greater in rats fed on the wholewheat flour diet (4-fold for Mg, 2-fold for Fe and Zn). A significant rise in the apparent absorption of Fe (%) and a significant decrease in the apparent absorption of Zn (%) were observed. The amounts of minerals absorbed (mg/d) were significantly enhanced (excepted for Ca) with the wholewheat flour diet. Moreover, plasma and tibia levels of Mg and plasma, liver and tibia levels of Fe were significantly increased in rats fed on the wholewheat flour diet compared with those fed on the white flour diet. In conclusion, wholewheat flour, rich in phytic acid and minerals, did not have a negative effect on mineral absorption, but rather improved the bioavailability of some minerals. Human studies are needed to confirm these rat results before extrapolation to human nutrition.


Author(s):  
Burak Altınel ◽  
S. Sezgin Ünal

Abstract Wheat flour, whole wheat flour, 25 and 50 % rye flour substituted wheat flour blends, 15 and 30 % wheat bran substituted wheat flour blends were supplemented with amyloglucosidase (at 0.000875 and 0.001 %), glucose oxidase (at 0.0003 and 0.001 %) and hemicellulase (at 0.001 and 0.005 %). The effects of enzymes on the extensographic properties of dough and quality characteristics of bread (specific volume, baking loss percentage and final moisture content) were studied. The interaction between type of flour/blend, type of enzyme and dosage of enzyme affected resistance to extension, extensibility and ratio of resistance to extensibility of doughs significantly. The interactions between type of flour/blend, type of enzyme and dosage of enzyme affected specific volume, baking loss percentage and final moisture content of breads significantly. The findings in this study indicated that enzymes can exhibit unexpected effects on dough and bread properties depending on type of flour and dosage of enzyme.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1549
Author(s):  
Elahe Azmoon ◽  
Farzad Saberi ◽  
Fatemeh Kouhsari ◽  
Mehdi Akbari ◽  
Marek Kieliszek ◽  
...  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hydrocolloids–protein mixture as a fat replacer in sugar-free low-fat muffin cakes. In this study, a hydrocolloids mixture including konjac and guar gums and soy protein isolate (SPI) was applied to the cake. The combination of gums and SPI was named as mixture of stabilizers (MOS), and the treatments were designed using Design-Expert software and the response surface methodology (RSM) in order to optimize and reduce the oil content of muffin cakes by replacing it with MOS. Evaluation of treatments characteristics were investigated on days 1 and 15 of their production. The dependent variables were moisture content, water activity, specific volume, porosity, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness and crumb color of cakes. The results show that increasing the percentage of MOS has positive effects on the final products in comparison to oil. In other words, an increase in the MOS content resulted in an increase in the moisture content, water activity, specific volume, height, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and L* (lightness) values, but negative effect on hardness, a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values. As a result of optimizing using RSM, the usage of 4.08% oil and 0.31% MOS resulted in a 62.9% reduction in oil content in comparison with the control sample. The panelists assigned the lowest score to hardness and crumb color and the highest score to overall acceptability and cohesiveness to the optimized muffin.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
К. Iorgachova ◽  
O. Makarova ◽  
O. Kotuzaki ◽  
K. Avetisіan

This article shows the prospects of using glucan-containing cereal grain materials in the production of baked goods. The results of the research are presented of how oat and barley flours and the method and stage of adding them effect on the quality of foam-like dough and semi-finished sponge-cakes. During the research, these types of flour were introduced at two stages: while churning the mixture of sugar and eggs, after wetting them and replacing part of the mélange (15%, 25%, 35%) with flour-water mixtures with the equivalent amount of dry substance, and while making the dough (mixed with 25%, 50%, and 75% of wheat flour). It has been determined that replacing mélange with oat and barley flour-water mixtures results in an increase in the viscosity of the dough due to the increased content of starch polysaccharides in it, which helps stabilize its structure, and allows obtaining dough with the required moisture and density. It has been demonstrated that replacing up to 25% of mélange with these types of flour mixes is followed by increased porosity of the sponge cakes. The specific volume of the samples with 15% of mélange replaced with the oat flour-water, and 25% with the barley flour-water mixture increased by 5–7% on average compared to the control sample. In the further research, to increase significantly the nutritional value of baked goods, these mixtures, besides being used to replace the mélange, were also introduced at the stage of making the dough (mixed with wheat flour). It has been established that the high quality of sponge cakes (determined by their porosity and specific volume) is achieved in the presence of up to 50% of oat or barley flour in the mixture.


Author(s):  
И.Э. МИНЕВИЧ ◽  
Т.Б. ЦЫГАНОВА

Продукты переработки семян льна масличного – ценные добавки для обогащения продуктов здорового питания. Исследовано влияние добавки измельченных семян льна (СЛ) и льняной муки (ЛМ) на технологические и потребительские свойства мучных изделий – хлебобулочных (ХБИ) и мучных кондитерских (МКИ). Сырье для приготовления образцов ХБИ и МКИ, приобретенное в розничной сети, соответствовало стандартам. ХБИ (формовой хлеб) готовили безопарным способом по ГОСТ 27669–88, МКИ (маффины) – по ранее предложенной авторами рецептуре. Были выпечены контрольный образец ХБИ из пшеничной муки 1-го сорта без добавок и опытные образцы ХБИ и МКИ с добавкой измельченных СЛ или ЛМ. Установлено, что при внесении в рецептуру ХБИ измельченных СЛ или ЛМ в количестве 6–10% от массы пшеничной муки удельный объем формового хлеба увеличивался на 2,5–4,2 и 8,0–11,3% соответственно, а пористость – в среднем на 4,8% по сравнению с образцом хлеба без добавок. Органолептический анализ показал, что образцы ХБИ с добавкой ЛМ или СЛ имели развитую пористость, эластичный мякиш, хорошо выраженный хлебный вкус и аромат. Определено, что при внесении в рецептуру маффинов ЛМ или СЛ в количестве 5–10% от массы пшеничной муки наблюдалось наибольшее повышение удельного объема изделий, они характеризовались высокими органолептическими свойствами и соответствовали требованиям ГОСТ 15052–2014. Установлено, что добавление измельченных СЛ или ЛМ в количестве не менее 6% от массы пшеничной муки в ХБИ и измельченных СЛ в количестве 10% от массы пшеничной муки в МКИ (маффины) придает этой продукции функциональные свойства. Products of processing of seeds of oil flax are a valuable supplement for the enrichment of healthy foods. The influence of the addition of crushed flax seeds (FS) and flax flour (FF) on the technological and consumer properties of flour products – bakery (B) and flour confectionery (FC) has been studied. Raw materials for the preparation of samples of B and FC purchased from the retail chain met the standards. Bakery (shaped bread) prepared in a non-stick way according to GOST 27669–88, flour confectionery (muffins) – according to the formulation previously proposed by the authors. A control sample of B from wheat flour of the first grade without additives and experimental samples of B and FC with the addition of crushed FS or FF were baked. It was found that when adding crushed FS or FF in the amount of 6–10% of the mass of wheat flour to the B formulation, the specific volume of molded bread increased by 2,5–4,2 and 8,0–11,3%, respectively, and the porosity – on average by 4,8% compared to the sample of bread without additives. Organoleptic analysis showed that samples of B with the addition of FF or FS had developed porosity, elastic crumb, well-defined bread taste and aroma. It was determined that the greatest increase in the specific volume of products was observed when adding FF or FS muffins to the recipe in the amount of 5–10% of the weight of wheat flour. At the same time, the products were characterized by high organoleptic properties and met the requirements of GOST 15052–2014. It was found that the addition of crushed flax seeds or flax flour in an amount of at least 6% of the weight of wheat flour in bakery and crushed flax seeds in an amount of 10% of the weight of wheat flour in flour confectionery (muffins) gives these products functional properties.


2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Švec ◽  
M. Hrušková

Fermentograph and baking properties of 98 wheat flour samples (two sets of commercial and one set of variety) were evaluated in the form of fermented dough. Analytical traits (ash and protein contents, wet gluten, Falling Number, Zeleny sedimentation value), fermentograph parameters (gases volume, the volume of dough and the time of its max. increase), and the laboratory baking test were used for the characterisation of flours and doughs. Differences found between the two commercial flour sets were small and were influenced by the year of harvest. Significant differences were found between commercial and variety flours both in the fermentograph behaviour and in the baking test results. Lower dough volumes and lower bread specific volumes for variety flours in comparison with commercial ones were caused by a worse quality of proteins. Statistical analysis on significance level 99% showed correlations between the gases volume and the dough volume &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.5264), between the gases volume and the time of dough maximum (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = &ndash;0.7689), and between the dough volume and the specific volume of bread (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.5452). &nbsp;


2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnabuk O. Eddy ◽  
Emmanuel Essien ◽  
Eno E. Ebenso ◽  
Richard A. Ukpe

The evaluation of the chemical (proximate composition, mineral composition, toxicant composition and vitamin composition), nutritional and industrial potentials of two varieties of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (XS) andColocasia esculenta (CE) were carried out using recommended methods of analysis. Baking trials were conducted with the two varieties of cocoyam at different levels of substitution (20%, 30% and 50%). The produced bread samples were analyzed for their physical parameters and proximate composition. Sensory evaluation test was also carried out on the produced bread. The result of the analysis showed that the preferred bread in terms of loaf weight, volume and specific volume was given by sample I (control sample) containing 100% wheat flour with a specific volume of 3.54 cm3/g. This was closely followed by sample A with specific volume of 3.25 cm3/g containing 20% substitution level ofCE. Sample H containing 50% substitution level ofXSwith specific volume of 2.58 cm3/g gave the poorest performance. The sensory evaluation result further revealed that apart from the 100% wheat flour based sample I, sample D with 20% substitution level ofXSwas rated good and maintained better performance amongst the cocoyam varieties while samples G and C with 100% and 50% substitution level ofCErespectively were rated the poorest. The proximate composition of the bread samples was also carried out.CE, XSand wheat bread samples (100%) recorded 15.0633±1.4531, 12.1133±1.5975 and 11.2867±0.7978 respectively for the moisture content.XSbread recorded the highest carbohydrate content of 45.0133±3.0274. In terms of ash,CEbread recorded the highest value of 31.4367±1.6159 while wheat bread recorded the highest value for protein i.e. 20.6033± 0.8113.XSperformed better in terms of crude fat and energy value of 12.2967± 0.8914 and 371.5367 respectively. The use of cocoyam - wheat flour mixture in producing composite bread is therefore strongly recommended from this study.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigi A Kinney ◽  
Eliot N Haddad ◽  
Linda S Garrow ◽  
Perry K W Ng ◽  
Sarah S Comstock

BACKGROUND Daily fiber intake can increase the diversity of the human gut microbiota as well as the abundance of beneficial microbes and their metabolites. Whole-grain wheat is high in fiber. OBJECTIVE This manuscript presents a study protocol designed to understand the effects of different types of wheat on gastrointestinal tract microbes. METHODS Human adults will consume crackers made from three types of wheat flour (refined soft white wheat, whole-grain soft white wheat, and whole-grain soft red wheat). In this study, participants will alternate between crackers made from refined soft white wheat flour to those made from whole-grain soft white wheat and whole-grain soft red wheat flour. Survey and stool sample collection will occur after 7-day treatment periods. We will assess how wheat consumption affects gastrointestinal bacteria by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and the inflammatory state of participants’ intestines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The butyrate production capacity of the gut microbiota will be determined by targeted quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We will report the treatment effects on alpha and beta diversity of the microbiota and taxa-specific differences. Microbiota results will be analyzed using the vegan package in R. Butyrate production capacity and biomarkers of intestinal inflammation will be analyzed using parametric statistical methods such as analysis of variance or linear regression. We expect whole wheat intake to increase butyrate production capacity, bacterial alpha diversity, and abundance of bacterial taxa responsive to phenolic compounds. Soft red wheat is also expected to decrease the concentration of inflammatory biomarkers in the stool of participants. CONCLUSIONS This protocol describes the methods to be used in a study on the impact of wheat types on the human gastrointestinal microbiota and biomarkers of intestinal inflammation. The analysis of intestinal responses to the consumption of two types of whole wheat will expand our understanding of how specific foods affect health-associated outcomes. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/29046


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