INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES OF CRUSHED FLAX SEEDS AND FLAX FLOUR ON TECHNOLOGICAL AND CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF FLOUR PRODUCTS

Author(s):  
И.Э. МИНЕВИЧ ◽  
Т.Б. ЦЫГАНОВА

Продукты переработки семян льна масличного – ценные добавки для обогащения продуктов здорового питания. Исследовано влияние добавки измельченных семян льна (СЛ) и льняной муки (ЛМ) на технологические и потребительские свойства мучных изделий – хлебобулочных (ХБИ) и мучных кондитерских (МКИ). Сырье для приготовления образцов ХБИ и МКИ, приобретенное в розничной сети, соответствовало стандартам. ХБИ (формовой хлеб) готовили безопарным способом по ГОСТ 27669–88, МКИ (маффины) – по ранее предложенной авторами рецептуре. Были выпечены контрольный образец ХБИ из пшеничной муки 1-го сорта без добавок и опытные образцы ХБИ и МКИ с добавкой измельченных СЛ или ЛМ. Установлено, что при внесении в рецептуру ХБИ измельченных СЛ или ЛМ в количестве 6–10% от массы пшеничной муки удельный объем формового хлеба увеличивался на 2,5–4,2 и 8,0–11,3% соответственно, а пористость – в среднем на 4,8% по сравнению с образцом хлеба без добавок. Органолептический анализ показал, что образцы ХБИ с добавкой ЛМ или СЛ имели развитую пористость, эластичный мякиш, хорошо выраженный хлебный вкус и аромат. Определено, что при внесении в рецептуру маффинов ЛМ или СЛ в количестве 5–10% от массы пшеничной муки наблюдалось наибольшее повышение удельного объема изделий, они характеризовались высокими органолептическими свойствами и соответствовали требованиям ГОСТ 15052–2014. Установлено, что добавление измельченных СЛ или ЛМ в количестве не менее 6% от массы пшеничной муки в ХБИ и измельченных СЛ в количестве 10% от массы пшеничной муки в МКИ (маффины) придает этой продукции функциональные свойства. Products of processing of seeds of oil flax are a valuable supplement for the enrichment of healthy foods. The influence of the addition of crushed flax seeds (FS) and flax flour (FF) on the technological and consumer properties of flour products – bakery (B) and flour confectionery (FC) has been studied. Raw materials for the preparation of samples of B and FC purchased from the retail chain met the standards. Bakery (shaped bread) prepared in a non-stick way according to GOST 27669–88, flour confectionery (muffins) – according to the formulation previously proposed by the authors. A control sample of B from wheat flour of the first grade without additives and experimental samples of B and FC with the addition of crushed FS or FF were baked. It was found that when adding crushed FS or FF in the amount of 6–10% of the mass of wheat flour to the B formulation, the specific volume of molded bread increased by 2,5–4,2 and 8,0–11,3%, respectively, and the porosity – on average by 4,8% compared to the sample of bread without additives. Organoleptic analysis showed that samples of B with the addition of FF or FS had developed porosity, elastic crumb, well-defined bread taste and aroma. It was determined that the greatest increase in the specific volume of products was observed when adding FF or FS muffins to the recipe in the amount of 5–10% of the weight of wheat flour. At the same time, the products were characterized by high organoleptic properties and met the requirements of GOST 15052–2014. It was found that the addition of crushed flax seeds or flax flour in an amount of at least 6% of the weight of wheat flour in bakery and crushed flax seeds in an amount of 10% of the weight of wheat flour in flour confectionery (muffins) gives these products functional properties.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Khomichak ◽  
◽  
Inha Kuznietsova ◽  
Svetlana Vysotska ◽  
Sergiy Tkachenko ◽  
...  

Introduction. Processing of grain raw material with influence on starch or albumens by application of heat treatment creates the variety of functional properties of a product and is perspective in the modern terms vital functions of man. Research methods and methods. The flour obtained from wheat of the Ascanian wheat and from wheat of the soft varieties: Sophia ("sweet wheat"), Blond (soft) and Chornobrova (enriched with micro- and macronutrients) were used in the study. Thermal modification of flour samples was carried out in a convective manner. The control sample for determining the quality indicators is obtained in industrial conditions, extruded wheat flour produced by LLC "AS groups, LTD". Research results. The obtained kinetic dependence shows the gradual loss of moisture standards with different speed which accordingly influences on duration of drying. The moisture content of the drying agent most affects the intensity at the initial stage of the constant drying rate. With an increase in the moisture content of the coolant, the period of constant drying increases and the amount of evaporated moisture increases during this period. With the subsequent removal of moisture from raw materials, the degree of influence of this parameter on the intensity decreases. The nature of the drying curves is the same and the recommended process for obtaining modified flour is the process duration of 300 minutes or 5 hours. It was determined microscopically, that the samples of dried wheat flour have a purpose and are partially destroyed by starch granules and amorphization of biocomposite materials. Based on the data on the kinetics of drying flour samples, the kinetic coefficients and values of the critical moisture content for drying wheat flour were calculated, which is 1.18-1.30 %. It was determined that for the sensorial indicators the obtained samples have indicators characteristic of the varietal characteristics of wheat, from which the flour was taken. In terms of physical and chemical parameters, the modified wheat flour samples are not inferior to the well-known industrial sample of extruded flour. Conclusions. Use of flour, obtained from the wheat with different correlation of amilose and amylopectin, positively influences on a technological process and allows to extend the assortment of modified starch products, and accordingly, food products. Kinetics of the convective drying standards of the flour is investigated. Researches showed that a it is physically modified flour obtained from the different sorts of the soft wheat is not inferior in quality to the extruded wheat flour.


Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Vladislav Tiunov ◽  
Olga Chugunova ◽  
Aleksandr Arisov

Currently, Strategy for Improving the Food Products Quality in the Russian Federation until 2030 identifies the need to develop new food products as one of the important state tasks; the quality improvement of raw materials used, the nutritional and biological value of finished products and expanding its range are an urgent area of scientific research. Flour culinary products are no exception. These products made from traditional wheat flour of the highest grade have low nutritional value, high calorie, lack of vitamins and minerals. In order to increase the biological value of flour culinary products, a man adds food additives and biologically active substances; uses non-traditional raw materials for the production. The article considers the possibility of using non-traditional flour types mixtures instead of wheat flour of the highest grade in the production of flour culinary products (pancakes). The researchers developed the optimal dosage for adding mixtures of rice and corn, rice and amaranth, rice and soya flour to the product formulations. They studied comprehensively the regulated indicators of product quality and safety: organoleptic, physical and chemical, microbiological; run the comparative analysis of samples from non-traditional types of flour with a control sample. The authors developed the pancakes technology in the form of baking it in a convection steamer with a complete replacement of wheat flour with a mixture of rice and corn, rice and amaranth, rice and soya flour. They compiled technological maps and formulated a technical document package on the products range.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-605
Author(s):  
Mushtari Akter Marufa ◽  
Pabitra Chandra Das ◽  
Abdullah Iqbal

The study is concerned with the evaluation of the nutritional and functional properties of Jamun seed powder (JSP) extracted from fresh Jamun and to develop cakes by incorporating JSP with wheat flour (WF). The chemical analysis showed that JSP had 6.30% moisture, 6.24% protein, 2.19% ash, 1.18% fat, 84.09% carbohydrate and 371.94 Kcal energy/100 g of powder whereas WF contained 12.90% moisture, 11.00% protein, 1.35% ash, 1.50% fat, 73.01% total carbohydrate and 349.54 Kcal energy/100 g of powder. Four cake samples were prepared by using different proportion combination of WF and JSP such as A (100% WF), B (90% WF and 10% JSP), C (80% WF and 20% JSP) and D (70% WF and 30% JSP). The nutritional components of four cake samples gave the range of moisture 16.92-25.56%, protein 6.34-8.56%, ash 1.50-2.60%, fat 16.01-22.42% and total carbohydrate 41.96-58.13%. Weight (g) of processed cakes were increased whereas other physical attributes such as volume, height, specific volume were decreased due to supplementation of JSP. The increased level of JSP powder substitution changed the crust color of cakes from light brown to blackish and also changed the crumb color from brownish to reddish. Sensory evaluation indicated that the sample B (10% JSP and 90% WF) was the most acceptable by the panelists than those of other cakes. Above all, the study gave an indication that Jamun seed powder can be used as a good replacement of wheat flour in production of cakes which can help to get higher energy, mineral and carbohydrate. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 599–605, 2019


2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 9341-9347
Author(s):  
Stalin Santacruz ◽  
Gabriela Cobo

Almojábana is a kind of food that varies in its composition depending on the geographical place where it is baked. In Ecuador, almojábana is based on cheese, wheat flour and Canna edulis starch. C. edulis planting has diminished, leading to a high cost of the starch and less availability on the market. The present work studied C. edulis starch substitution by a mixture of potato and cassava starches on the elaboration of almojábanas. Specific volume, crumb structure, textural properties and sensory analyses were used to find the best starch substitution. Mixtures of cassava and potato starch (25/75, 35/65, and 45/55) and starch dough resting time (10, 15, and 20 h) were investigated. Hardness, elasticity, chewiness, specific volume, average size cell, the number of cells per area and the total area of cells of almojábanas were determined. Results showed that a mixture of 25% potato, 75% cassava and 20 h resting time could substitute C. edulis starch in almojábana baking. The obtained almojábanas had different flavor compared to a control sample (based on C. edulis starch). Starch substitution reduced the cost of raw materials (starch) by 60%.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Indra Agustanugraha Pramadi ◽  
Fungki Sri Rejeki ◽  
Tri Rahayuningsih ◽  
Endang Retno Wedowati

Cookies is snacks made from wheat flour. Wheat flour contains gluten which cannot be consumed by people with celiac diseases and autism. MOCAF is a modification of cassava flour that changes functional properties and can be used to substitute wheat flour. The use of MOCAF produces cookies that are hard-textured, so it is necessary to add arrowroot flour. Arrowroot flour was chosen because it contains low calories and non-gluten. Maltodextrin was used as maker crispy and binder ingredients. The research aimed were to determine the effect of MOCAF and arrowroot flour proportion and maltodextrin addition to the cookies characteristics, and determine the best alternative cookies processing. This research used factorial randomized block design with two factors. First factor was MOCAF and arrowroot flour proportion (T) with three levels (T1=100%:0%, T2=95%:5%, T3=90%:10%) and second factor was maltodextrin concentration (M) with three levels (M1=2%, M2=4%, M3=6%). Parameters research were proximate analysis, calories, yield, ability to swell, and organoleptic properties. The alternative selection used Expectation Value method. The results showed that there were no interactions between treatments on all research parameters, T treatment was significantly different on all organoleptic parameters, M treatment was significantly different on yield, fat and carbohydrate content, organoleptic properties, and the chosen treatment was T2M3 with expectation value was 8.21. Keywords: arrowroot flour, maltodextrin, MOCAF, non-gluten cookies


PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8788
Author(s):  
Numrah Nisar ◽  
Faiza Mustafa ◽  
Arifa Tahir ◽  
Rashad Qadri ◽  
Yaodong Yang ◽  
...  

Background Extensive milling processes have deprived wheat flour from essential nutrients. The objective of the current study was to assess the nutritive quality of commercial wheat flour (soft flour (SF)) through analyses of proximate composition and functional properties as well as quantification of benzoyl peroxide (BPO; added as bleaching agent in the SF) by comparing the results with whole wheat flour (WF; never received any additives). Methods The samples included commercial SF purchased from the local supplier of different flour mills (who use BPO as additive) and a control sample without additives was prepared by grinding the seeds harvested from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Inqulab 91) crop grown in the experimental field of University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, under optimized field conditions without any fertilizers and insecticides. Functional properties (including bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, emulsifying activity, foaming capacity, least gelatinization concentration and gelatinization temperature) and proximate composition (including moisture content, ash contents, crude protein, gluten and starch contents) were determined and compared for all the samples. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and Benzoic Acid (BA) quantification was performed through High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Finally dietary intake was estimated for BPO and BA. Results Results showed that SF had lesser fiber, protein and ash contents, whereas, higher damaged starch, fat, gluten and bulk density. A parallel experiment under selected conditions (temperature, time and solute concentration) showed dissociation of BPO into BA soon after the exposure. Observed BA range (13.77 mg/g after 16 h) in SF and exposure level assessment (44.3 ± 1.36 mg/kg/BW) showed higher intake of BA on the consumption of SF. The results revealed the superiority of WF over SF in nutritive qualities as well as free of toxicants such as BA.


2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandra Zafalon Jaekel ◽  
Camila Batista da Silva ◽  
Caroline Joy Steel ◽  
Yoon Kil Chang

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the addition of the enzyme xylanase (four concentrations: 0, 4, 8, and 12 g.100 kg-1 flour) on the characteristics of loaf bread made with white wheat flour or whole grain wheat flour. Breads made from white flour and added with xylanase had higher specific volumes than those of the control sample (no enzyme); however, the specific volume did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) among the breads with different enzyme concentrations. All formulations made from whole grain wheat flour and added with xylanase also had specific volumes significantly higher than those of the control sample, and the highest value was found for the 8 g xylanase.100 kg-1 flour formulation. With respect to moisture content, the formulations with different enzyme concentrations showed small significant differences when compared to the control samples. In general, breads made with the addition of 8 g enzyme.100 kg-1 flour had the lowest firmness values, thus presenting the best technological characteristics.


Author(s):  
A. E. Kovaleva ◽  
E. A. Pyanikova

The results of the influence of the dry powder of the fruits of the Aronia on consumer properties of biscuits, in which wheat flour of the highest grade was replaced with oat flour and, in turn, part of the oat flour - 5, 10 and 15% of fruit powder and cocoa powder are presented. Introduction to the recipe of cocoa powder was due to the fact that the Aroniapowder had a dark color, which turned into grey-green in the baked product, therefore affecting the organoleptic properties of baked biscuit, making it unattractive. This was confirmed experimentally during baking samples of biscuits (sample No. 1). Therefore, to eliminate these drawbacks, cocoa powder was introduced into the recipe in a 1: 1 ratio with Aronia. With an increase in the proportion of applied fruit powder of Aronia, the mass amount of moisture decreased, which can be explained by a decrease in the amount of oat flour used (due to its replacement by fruit powder). By its nature, oatflour contains a large amount of dietary fiber, which has a water-holding capacity, therefore, with a decrease in the amount of oat flout in products, their moisture content decreases. The porosity of the finished product is not affected by the added ingredients, nevertheless, this figure is lower than that of biscuits baked from wheat flour of the highest grade (about 75-80%). Alkalinity in all samples of biscuits was 0.3 degrees. In general, the developed model samples of biscuits with the addition of wild fruit and berry raw materials turned out to be of pretty good quality. According to the results of the analysis of organoleptic and physicochemical parameters for the introduction into mass production, it is possible to recommend samples of biscuits with the addition of 10% of Aronia powder. When establishing expiration dates, it was found that the process of staling proceeds in the samples rather slowly, and the recommended expiration dates for the finished product are 96 hours.


Author(s):  
N. J. T. Emelike ◽  
S. C. Achinewhu ◽  
C. O. Ebere

Acha grains and cashew kernels were processed into flour while prawn was processed into powder. Acha flour was used to substitute wheat flour while a constant percentage of cashew kernel flour and prawn was used as an enrichment in the formulation of breakfast cereals at the ratios of 70:0:20:10, 60:10:20:10, 50:20:20:10, 40:30:20:10, 30:40:20:10, 20:50:20:10, 10:60:20:10 and 0:70:20:10 of acha/wheat/cashew kernel/prawn and labeled A-H samples, respectively. The nutritional, functional and organoleptic properties of the formulated breakfast cereal was studied. The result revealed that the proximate compositions of the breakfast cereals ranged between 3.94-9.46% for moisture content, ash 2.09-2.98%, fat 8.30-15.20%, protein 9.17-14.65%, crude fibre 1.28-1.60%, and carbohydrate 60.97-76.66% with significant different (SD) between some samples and no SD in some other samples. Functional properties' result showed that the bulk density of the breakfast cereals ranged between 0.49-0.55 g/g, water absorption capacity 1.74-2.20 g/ml, oil absorption 0.18 - 1.09g/ml and the least gelation capacity of 2% in all the samples. Based on the 9-point hedonic scale used in the assessment of the organoleptic properties of the breakfast cereals, all the samples were acceptable by the panelists but 40:30 of acha/wheat compared very well with the sample substituted with 0:70 of acha/wheat. This is an indication that acha grains can be a useful raw material in the substitution of wheat while cashew kernel and prawn can be used to enrich the product formulated from the flours of these raw materials. This will increase the utilisation of abundant Nigerian raw materials, reduce the importation of wheat flour and hence, improve the economy of the country.


Author(s):  
N. L. Naumova ◽  
К. S. Kameneva ◽  
К. V. Shchev’eva

 Walnut flour is considered by food technology specialists as a source of complete protein, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, etc. The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of using walnut flour in the “Fitness” buckwheat bread technology in order to expand the range and increase the nutritional density of bakery products. The objects of research were: baking wheat flour of the first grade; walnut flour; bakery mix “Fitness Mix” buckwheat; control samples of “Fitness” buckwheat bread; experiment No 1 – replacing 15 % of wheat flour with an identical amount of walnut flour; experiment No 2 – with the replacement of 15 % of wheat flour with walnut flour and the replacement of 2 % of the bakery mixture with a similar amount of wheat gluten; experiment No 3 – with the replacement of 15 % of wheat flour with walnut flour and replacement of 4 % of the bakery mixture with wheat gluten; experiment No 4 – with the replacement of 15 % of wheat flour with walnut flour and the replacement of 6 % of the bakery mixture with wheat gluten. The quality and chemical composition of wheat flour, walnut flour and a mixture of bakery buckwheat were investigated. The superiority of walnut flour over wheat raw materials in terms of a number of nutrients was revealed. The priority role of wheat flour in the formation of porosity and the formation of the specific volume of bread is determined. Modification of the “Fitness” buckwheat bread recipe was carried out. 


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