scholarly journals Multivariate techniques in the determination of genetic diversity in pest-resistant mini tomato genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M Maciel ◽  
Joicy Vitória M Peixoto ◽  
Jaíne Priscila R Rocha ◽  
Rafaela S Almeida ◽  
Camila S Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Interspecific Crossing

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare methods of multivariate analysis on the evaluation of genetic diversity of mini tomato and to identify promising genotypes with resistance to pests. The experiment was conducted at the Vegetable Experiment Station of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo campus, from April 2013 to November 2016. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and four replications totaling 64 plots, and each plot represented by five plants. Sixteen genotypes were characterized, 12 from the F2RC1 generation, obtained through the interspecific crossing between the wild access LA-716 (Solanum pennellii) and pre-commercial lines of mini tomato (UFU-73 and UFU-2) (Solanum lycopersicum) and the UFU-2 lines. The content of acyl sugar, the amount of glandular trichomes (types I, IV, VI and VII), twospotted spider mite and whitefly resistance were evaluated. We concluded that there exist genetic variability between the genotypes. The number of groups formed by the canonical variated analysis was higher (four groups) than that obtained by the Tocher method (three groups) and UPGMA (three groups), demonstrating a greater discrimination power. The Tocher and UPGMA methods were consistent in the analysis of the genetic divergence in pest resistant germplasm of tomato, with the acyl sugar content being the most important variable. Genotype UFU-73-F2RC1 # 11 is resistant to pest attack, while the other studied lines have intermediate resistance.

scholarly journals Keragaman Genetik Karakteristik Buah antar 17 Genotipe Melon (Cucucmis melo L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amalia Nurul Huda ◽  
Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽  
Awang Maharijaya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Fruit Diameter ◽  
Fruit Rind

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Breeding of melon requires the availability of genetic diversity and extensive evaluations of the genetic materials. Evaluations on fruit quality and yield potential are among the important steps in melon breeding. This research was aimed at studying the genetic diversity of 17 melon genotypes based on fruit traits and identifying the potential genotypes to be used as genetic materials in melon breeding programs. The research was conducted from August to October 2015 at the IPB Experimental Station Tajur II, South Bogor, 250 m above sea level. The experiment was arranged in a single factor of randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results of the research showed that genotype effects were significant for all observed traits except for days to hermaphrodite flowering. Traits having broad sense heritability estimates greater than 50% were days to male flowering, days to harvest, fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, fruit rind thickness, fruit weight, and sugar contant. P21 and P19 genotypes were potential for fruit weight and sugar content, while P2 was potential for fruit weight and P12 for sugar content only. Fruit weight showed significant positive correlations with fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, and fruit rind thickness. Clustering based on morphological traits generally separated reticulatus and inodorus genotypes into different groups.<br />Key words: correlation, heritability, simultaneous selection</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Pemuliaan tanaman melon memerlukan ketersediaan keragaman genetik dan evaluasi yang ekstesif pada materi genetik yang digunakan. Evaluasi karakteristik, kualitas buah, dan potensi hasil merupakan tahapan penting dalam pemuliaan tanaman melon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keragaman genetik dari 17 genotipe melon berdasarkan karakteristik kualitas buah dan mengidentifikasi genotipe potensial untuk dijadikan materi genetik dalam program pemuliaan. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2015 di Kebun Percobaan IPB Tajur II, Bogor Selatan (250 mdpl) menggunakan 17 genotipe melon. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua karakter yang diamati kecuali umur berbunga hermaprodit. Karakter yang memiliki nilai heritabilitas arti luas lebih besar dari 50% adalah umur berbunga jantan, umur panen, panjang buah, diameter buah, tebal daging, tebal kulit, bobot, dan kadar gula. Genotipe yang memiliki potensi untuk sifat bobot buah dan kadar gula tinggi adalah P21 dan P19, sedangkan P2 dan P12 masing-masing memiliki potensi yang baik untuk bobot buah dan kadar gula saja. Karakter bobot buah memiliki korelasi positif dan nyata dengan panjang buah, diameter buah, tebal daging buah, dan tebal kulit buah. Pengelompokan berdasarkan karakter morfologi secara umum dapat memisahkan genotipe-genotipe melon reticulatus dan inodorus ke dalam grup yang berbeda.<br />Kata kunci: korelasi, heritabilitas, seleksi simultan</p>

scholarly journals Genetic divergence in pepper genotypes from southwest Goiás

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Cristina Alvares ◽  
Edésio Fialho dos Reis ◽  
Jefferson Fernando Naves Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
Breeding Programs

Knowledge on the genetic diversity in genebanks is important for germplasm conservation and use in breeding programs, where it can reduce time and costs of breeding of new genotypes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence among 137 genotypes of Capsicum chinense Jacq. by morphological descriptors and multivariate techniques, with a view to the identification of groups for promising crosses for breeding programs. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications, where each plot consisted of a pot with one plant. The 20 descriptors recommended by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute - IPGRI were considered for the morphological characterization. By analysis of variance, significant differences between genotypes were detected for the studied descriptors. Clustering by the Tocher optimization method formed five groups, and by the hierarchical clustering method UPGMA, 11 groups. Based on larger distances intergroup, crosses are recommended among genotypes of the groups II x V, II x IV, and I x V for the Tocher method, and by UPGMA among genotypes of the groups VI x XI, II x XI, IV x XI,. The cophenetic correlation coefficient for the hierarchical clustering method UPGMA was 0.797 (p <0.01). The traits that contributed most to the total genetic diversity were number of days to flowering and plant height.

LUMINESCENT DETERMINATION OF SUGAR IN NATURAL HONEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
B.M. GAREEV ◽  
◽  
A.M. ABDRAKHMANOV ◽  
G.L. SHARIPOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Photoluminescence Intensity ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Natural Honey

The photoluminescence of carbon quantum dots synthesized from natural honey and mixtures of honey and sugar has been studied. An increase in the sugar content leads to a decrease in the photoluminescence intensity without changing the shape of the luminescence spectrum of these quantum dots aqueous solutions, which is associated with a decrease in the yield of their synthesis in the sugar presence. The discovered effect can be used to detect sugar in honey. When examining five different market samples of flower honey using this method, two of them showed a significant decrease in the photoluminescence intensity. A laboratory test for compliance with GOST 19792-2017 Standard requirements established an excess of the sucrose content in these samples. Luminescent determination of sugar in honey does not require complicated equipment and can be used to develop a new analytical method for determining the sugar content in counterfeit natural honey.

Influence of a BactoFil microbiological preparation on the intensity of infection by Rhizoctonia solani and the effects on sugar beet yield and quality

2012 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Suzana Kristek ◽  
Andrija Kristek ◽  
Dragana Kocevski ◽  
Antonija K. Jankovi ◽  
Dražen Juriši
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Set Up

The experiment was set up on two types of the soil: Mollic Gleysols (FAO, 1998) and Eutric Cambisols where the presence of pathogenic fungi – sugar beet root decay agent – Rhizoctonia solani has been detected since 2005. In a two year study (2008, 2009), the experiment was set up by completely randomized block design in 4 repetitions and 16 different variants. Two beet varieties, Belinda, sensitive to pathogenic fungi R. solani, and Laetitia, tolerant to pathogenic fungi R. solani), were grown. The microbiological preparation BactoFil was applied in different amounts in autumn and spring. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer application, based on the results of soil analysis, was varied. The following parameters were tested: amount of infected and decayed plants, root yield, sugar content, sugar in molasses and sugar yield. The best results were obtained by applying the microbiological preparation BactoFil, and by 30% reduced nitrogen fertilizer application. Preparation dosage and time of application depended on soil properties.

scholarly journals Semi-Automatic Fractional Snow Cover Monitoring from Near-Surface Remote Sensing in Grassland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Anaí Caparó Bellido ◽  
Bradley C. Rundquist
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Fractional Snow Cover ◽  
Rgb Images ◽  
Phenological Metrics

Snow cover is an important variable in both climatological and hydrological studies because of its relationship to environmental energy and mass flux. However, variability in snow cover can confound satellite-based efforts to monitor vegetation phenology. This research explores the utility of the PhenoCam Network cameras to estimate Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) in grassland. The goal is to operationalize FSC estimates from PhenoCams to inform and improve the satellite-based determination of phenological metrics. The study site is the Oakville Prairie Biological Field Station, located near Grand Forks, North Dakota. We developed a semi-automated process to estimate FSC from PhenoCam images through Python coding. Compared with previous research employing RGB images only, our use of the monochrome RGB + NIR (near-infrared) reduced pixel misclassification and increased accuracy. The results had an average RMSE of less than 8% FSC compared to visual estimates. Our pixel-based accuracy assessment showed that the overall accuracy of the images selected for validation was 92%. This is a promising outcome, although not every PhenoCam Network system has NIR capability.

scholarly journals Genetic Similarity of Avena sativa L. Varieties as an Example of a Narrow Genetic Pool of Contemporary Cereal Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cieplak ◽  
Sylwia Okoń ◽  
Krystyna Werwińska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Genetic Similarity

The assessment of the genetic diversity of cultivated varieties is a very important element of breeding programs. This allows the determination of the level of genetic differentiation of cultivated varieties, their genetic distinctiveness, and is also of great importance in the selection of parental components for crossbreeding. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of genetic diversity of oat varieties currently grown in Central Europe based on two marker systems: ISSR and SCoT. The research conducted showed that both these types of markers were suitable for conducting analyses relating to the assessment of genetic diversity. The calculated coefficients showed that the analyzed cultivars were characterized by a high genetic similarity. However, the UPGMA and PCoA analyses clearly indicated the distinctiveness of the breeding programs conducted in Central European countries. The high genetic similarity of the analyzed forms allow us to conclude that it is necessary to expand the genetic pool of oat varieties. Numerous studies show that landraces may be the donor of genetic variation.

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