scholarly journals Effect of mannanoligosaccharides and/or enzymes on antibody titers against infectious bursal and Newcastle disease viruses

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Oliveira ◽  
D.F. Figueiredo-Lima ◽  
D.E. Faria Filho ◽  
R.H. Marques ◽  
V.M.B. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Antibody Titers

The effect of including mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) and/or enzymes in broiler diets on antibody titers against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was evaluated. A total of 750 broilers were distributed into a completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement 2 x 2 + 1 with two levels of MOS (0 and 0.1% until 21 days and 0.05% from 22 to 42 days of age), two levels of enzymes (0 and 0.05%) and a positive control diet containing antibiotic, totaling five treatments with five replicates each. For antibody analyses, blood samples were weekly collected by jugular vein puncture in the same two birds per replicate. The first and last collections were done at 7 and 42 days of age, respectively. The inclusion of MOS resulted in increased antibody titers against IBDV in the fourth (P<0.03) and fifth (P<0.02) weeks, and against NDV in the third (P<0.01), fourth (P<0.03) and fifth (P<0.03) weeks of age. MOS was effective in stimulating the humoral immune responses against IBDV and NDV vaccine viruses.

scholarly journals Immune response and protective potential following vaccination against Newcastle disease virus and fowl cholera in Naked neck chickens

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
MS Sabrin ◽  
S Saha ◽  
MM Amin ◽  
MG Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Naked Neck ◽  
Fowl Cholera ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

Humoral immune responses to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Fowl cholera (BAUFC) vaccines were evaluated in naked neck chickens (NNC). Ten birds were vaccinated with Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Virus (BCRDV) at Day 7 through intra-ocular route and with Ranikhet Disease Virus (RDV) at day 35 of age through intramuscular route. Serum antibodies were measured by Haemagglutination Inhibition test. Two weeks after final immunization all birds were challenged with virulent field isolate of NDV where all vaccinated birds survived without illness during ten days, and all ten control birds died. Ten birds were vaccinated with BAUFC vaccine at Day 42 and 70 according to the Manufacturer’s instruction, which induced detectable levels of antibody titre as determined by Passive Haemagglutination Assay (PHA) test. Eight vaccinated birds survived following challenge with virulent fowl cholera isolate two weeks after final vaccination and all ten control birds died. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i2.14342 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 2, 49-55

scholarly journals Mucosal Immunization with Newcastle Disease Virus Vector Coexpressing HIV-1 Env and Gag Proteins Elicits Potent Serum, Mucosal, and Cellular Immune Responses That Protect against Vaccinia Virus Env and Gag Challenges

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil K. Khattar ◽  
Vinoth Manoharan ◽  
Bikash Bhattarai ◽  
Celia C. LaBranche ◽  
David C. Montefiori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Gag Proteins ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Vaccinia Viruses ◽  
Mucosal Immune Responses ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Newcastle disease virus (NDV) avirulent strain LaSota was used to coexpress gp160 Env and p55 Gag from a single vector to enhance both Env-specific and Gag-specific immune responses. The optimal transcription position for both Env and Gag genes in the NDV genome was determined by generating recombinant NDV (rNDV)-Env-Gag (gp160 located between the P and M genes and Gag between the HN and L genes), rNDV-Gag-Env (Gag located between the P and M genes and gp160 between the HN and L genes), rNDV-Env/Gag (gp160 followed by Gag located between the P and M genes), and rNDV-Gag/Env (Gag followed by gp160 located between the P and M genes). All the recombinant viruses replicated at levels similar to those seen with parental NDV in embryonated chicken eggs and in chicken fibroblast cells. Both gp160 and Gag proteins were expressed at high levels in cell culture, with gp160 found to be incorporated into the envelope of NDV. The Gag and Env proteins expressed by all the recombinants except rNDV-Env-Gag self-assembled into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virus-like particles (VLPs). Immunization of guinea pigs by the intranasal route with these rNDVs produced long-lasting Env- and Gag-specific humoral immune responses. The Env-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses and Gag-specific humoral immune responses were higher in rNDV-Gag/Env and rNDV-Env/Gag than in the other recombinants. rNDV-Gag/Env and rNDV-Env/Gag were also more efficient in inducing cellular as well as protective immune responses to challenge with vaccinia viruses expressing HIV-1 Env and Gag in mice. These results suggest that vaccination with a single rNDV coexpressing Env and Gag represents a promising strategy to enhance immunogenicity and protective efficacy against HIV. IMPORTANCE A safe and effective vaccine that can induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses is needed to control HIV-1. In this study, we showed that coexpression of Env and Gag proteins of HIV-1 performed using a single Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector led to the formation of HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs). Immunization of guinea pigs with recombinant NDVs (rNDVs) elicited potent long-lasting systemic and mucosal immune responses to HIV. Additionally, the rNDVs were efficient in inducing cellular immune responses to HIV and protective immunity to challenge with vaccinia viruses expressing HIV Env and Gag in mice. These results suggest that the use of a single NDV expressing Env and Gag proteins simultaneously is a novel strategy to develop a safe and effective vaccine against HIV.

scholarly journals Immunological Distinctions between Acellular and Whole-Cell Pertussis Immunizations of Baboons Persist for at Least One Year after Acellular Vaccine Boosting

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Leah E. Cole ◽  
Jinrong Zhang ◽  
Kristl M. Pacheco ◽  
Philippe Lhéritier ◽  
Natalie G. Anosova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Serum Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
One Year

While both whole-cell (wP) and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines have been highly effective at reducing the global pertussis disease burden, there are concerns that compared to wP vaccination, the immune responses to aP vaccination may wane more rapidly. To gain insights into the vaccine elicited immune responses, pre-adult baboons were immunized with either aP or wP vaccines, boosted with an aP vaccine, and observed over a nearly two-year period. Priming with a wP vaccine elicited a more Th17-biased response than priming with aP, whereas priming with an aP vaccine led to a more Th2-biased response than priming with wP. These differences were maintained after aP vaccine boost immunizations. Compared to aP, animals primed with a wP vaccine exhibited greater numbers of pertussis specific memory B cells. While aP and wP vaccine priming initially elicited similar levels of anti-pertussis toxin antibody, titers declined more rapidly in aP vaccine primed animals leading to a 4-fold difference. Both wP and aP vaccine immunization could induce serum bactericidal activity (SBA); however, only one wP vaccine immunization was required to elicit SBA while multiple aP vaccine immunizations were required to elicit lower, less durable SBA titers. In conclusion, when compared to aP vaccine, priming with wP vaccine elicits distinct cellular and humoral immune responses that persist after aP vaccine boosting.

scholarly journals Potent SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Immunity and Low Anaphylatoxin Levels Correlate With Mild Disease Progression in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliott Lafon ◽  
Gabriel Diem ◽  
Christina Witting ◽  
Viktoria Zaderer ◽  
Rosa Maria Bellmann-Weiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Anaphylatoxin C3a

T cells play a fundamental role in the early control and clearance of many viral infections of the respiratory system. In SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, lymphopenia with drastically reduced CD4+ and CD8+ T cells correlates with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated disease severity and mortality. In this study, we characterized cellular and humoral immune responses induced in patients with mild, severe and critical COVID-19. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 37 patients with mild, severe and critical COVID-19 and 10 healthy individuals were analyzed by IFNγ ELISpot and multi-color flow cytometry upon stimulation with peptide pools covering complete immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 matrix, nucleocapsid and spike proteins. In addition SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, neutralization abilities and anaphylatoxin levels were evaluated by various commercially available ELISA platforms. Our data clearly demonstrates a significantly stronger induction of SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8+ T lymphocytes and higher IFNγ production in patients with mild compared to patients with severe or critical COVID-19. In all patients SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies with similar neutralizing activity were detected, but highest titers of total IgGs were observed in critical patients. Finally, elevated anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a levels were identified in severe and critical COVID-19 patients probably caused by aberrant immune complex formation due to elevated antibody titers in these patients. Crucially, we provide a full picture of cellular and humoral immune responses of COVID-19 patients and prove that robust polyfunctional CD8+ T cell responses concomitant with low anaphylatoxin levels correlate with mild infections. In addition, our data indicates that high SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers are associated with severe disease progression.

scholarly journals The effect of <i>Myrtus communis</i> oil extract on growth performance, serum biochemistry and humoral immune responses in broiler chicks fed diet containing aflatoxin B1

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 842-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Saei ◽  
A. A. Sadeghi ◽  
H. Ahmadvand
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract. A study was conducted to investigate the capability of Myrtus communis essential oil (MCE) in counteracting the deleterious effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on growth performance, serum biochemistry and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens. In a completely randomized design, 300 day-old male chicks were assigned to four treatments with five replicates of 15 birds for 42 days. Chickens, up to day 7 of age, were fed the same diet and then, they were fed the experimental diets. The dietary treatments were 1) the negative control (no dietary aflatoxin or MCE), 2) the positive control (diet containing AFB1 at 0.5 mg/kg, without MCE), 3) diet containing AFB1 at 0.5 mg/kg plus 500 mg/kg MCE, and 4) basal diet containing 500 mg/kg MCE, without AFB1. Growth performance was measured from day 7 to 42. Serum biochemical parameters, organ weights on day 42 and the antibody titers against Newcastle and influenza viruses on day 28 of age were determined. Addition of aflatoxin to diet decreased (P<0.05) the weight gain and feed intake and MCE supplementation diminished (P<0.05) the inhibitory effects of AFB1 on the growth performance. Addition of AFB1 to diet of chicks increased the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and decreased the antibody titers against Newcastle and influenza viruses. Addition of MCE to diet alleviated the negative effects of AFB1 on these parameters (P<0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that addition of MCE may reduce the adverse effects of AFB1 on broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Reduced magnitude and durability of humoral immune responses by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines among older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Brockman ◽  
Francis M. Mwimanzi ◽  
Hope R. Lapointe ◽  
Yurou Sang ◽  
Olga Agafitei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Binding Antibody ◽  
Dose Responses

Background mRNA vaccines reduce COVID-19 incidence and severity, but the durability of vaccine-induced immune responses, particularly among the elderly, remains incompletely characterized. Methods Anti-spike RBD antibody titers, ACE2 competition and virus neutralizing activities were longitudinally assessed in 151 healthcare workers and older adults (overall aged 24-98 years) up to three months after vaccination. Results Older adults exhibited lower antibody responses after one and two vaccine doses for all measures. In multivariable analyses correcting for sociodemographic, chronic health and vaccine-related variables, age remained independently associated with all response outcomes. The number of chronic health conditions was additionally associated with lower binding antibody responses after two doses, and male sex with lower ACE2 competition activity after one dose. Responses waned universally at three months after the second dose, but binding antibodies, ACE2 competition and neutralizing activities remained significantly lower with age. Older adults also displayed reduced ability to block ACE2 binding by the Delta variant. Conclusions The humoral immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines is significantly weaker with age, and universally wanes over time. This will likely reduce antibody-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta variant as the pandemic progresses. Older adults may benefit from additional immunizations as a priority.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MYCOTOXINS ON IMMUNE RESPONSES AGAINST SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION OF BROILER CHICKENS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1716-1725
Author(s):  
Jawad & ALwan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Sterile Normal Saline ◽  
Antibody Titers

Forty broiler chickens, One - day old were randomly divided into four equal groups:  1st group was immunized with 0.5 ml of whole sonicated salmonella antigens (WSSAgs), protein concentration 1.89 mg/ml. Two dose  two weeks intervals, S/C at 7 days old  and  the  chicks  fed   contaminated diet with  mycotoxins for 7 week,   2nd group was immunized with WSSAgs only and treated  as  1st group,  3rd group fed diet contaminated with  mycotoxins  and 4th group was fed  normal diets and served as control negative group, At 30 days, skin test, phagocytic index and serum levels of antibody titers were done, then 1st ,2nd and 3rd groups were inoculated with  high dose of  virulent S.typhimurium , (1ml containing   1  10 12  CFU/ml ), I/V, and  4th group was inoculated I/V,1ml  sterile normal saline and served as control negative group , all chicks were sacrificed at  3 weeks post infection, it was recorded that mycotoxin suppress the  cellular and  humoral immune responses , phagocytic activity ,in addition to high mortality rate were found in  chicks fed contaminated diet with  and without immunization.

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