scholarly journals Chagas' disease: the rural environment and vector control in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalva Marli V. Wanderley
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Close Relationship

In the first half of this century - a period of expanding coffee cultivation - there was a close relationship between the growth of cleared spaces, the domestication of triatomines, and the establishment of Chagas' disease in the state of São Paulo. However, the initiation of control mesuares in 1950 coincided with a period characterized by a progressive reversal of the conditions that had facilitated the establishment of Chagas' disease in the first place. Alterations were taking place in the agricultural environment, rural areas were becoming depopulated, and low-grade housing was being destroyed. Natural transmission of the endemic was interrupted in the mid-1970's, following the elimination of Triatoma infestans from homes. Subsequently, however, a challenge emerged from two extradomiciliary species, Triatoma sordida and Panstrongylus megistus. The invasive character of these species made it necessary to investigate their possible repercussions on human populations and to set up permanent programs of epidemiological surveillance involving direct participation by local populations.

scholarly journals Critical Analyses of the Introduction of Liquid-Based Cytology in a Public Health Service of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhemar Longatto-Filho ◽  
José Eduardo Levi ◽  
Toni Ricardo Martins ◽  
Diane Cohen ◽  
Lise Cury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the current conventional Pap smear with liquid-based cytology (LBC) preparations. Study Design: Women routinely undergoing their cytopathological and histopathological examinations at Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo (FOSP) were recruited for LBC. Conventional smears were analyzed from women from other areas of the State of São Paulo with similar sociodemographic characteristics. Results: A total of 218,594 cases were analyzed, consisting of 206,999 conventional smears and 11,595 LBC. Among the conventional smears, 3.0% were of unsatisfactory preparation; conversely, unsatisfactory LBC preparations accounted for 0.3%. The ASC-H (atypical squamous cells - cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) frequency did not demonstrate any differences between the two methods. In contrast, the incidence of ASC-US (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) was almost twice as frequent between LBC and conventional smears, at 2.9 versus 1.6%, respectively. An equal percentage of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were observed for the two methods, but not for low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, which were more significantly observed in LBC preparations than in conventional smears (2.2 vs. 0.7%). The index of positivity was importantly enhanced from 3.0% (conventional smears) to 5.7% (LBC). Conclusions: LBC performed better than conventional smears, and we are truly confident that LBC can improve public health strategies aimed at reducing cervical lesions through prevention programs.

scholarly journals Groundwater resources in the State of São Paulo (Brazil): the application of indicators

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Hirata ◽  
Alexandra Suhogusoff ◽  
Amélia Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Contaminant Loads ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Guarani Aquifer

Indicators, for groundwater resources, have mostly been employed to define the present status and the degradation tendency, regarding both quantity (under- or overexploitation) and quality (natural and anthropic contamination). This work presents the application of indicators in order to draw a picture of the groundwater resources situation in the 22 Water Resource Management Units (WRMU) of the State of São Paulo. The seven Indicators (I1 to I7) applied provide a general overview of groundwater dependence (I1, I2), availability (I3, I4), and quality (I5, I6, I7). Considering public supply (Indicator 1), one observes that 9 WRMUs show high (>50% of the population supplied by groundwater), 6, intermediate (49-25%), and 7, low (<24%) dependence on groundwater. Indicators 3 and 4 show that the resource still presents a great potential for further abstractions in most of the WRMUs, although there is evidence of overexploitation in the Upper Tietê, Turvo/Grande, and Pardo basins, and low availability in the Upper Tietê, Piracicaba/Capivari/Jundiai, and Turvo/Grande. Indicator 5 (aquifer natural vulnerability) denotes that the WRMUs 2, 4, 8, 13, 14 and 18-22 (part of the recharge area of Guarani Aquifer System) need more attention mainly where large contaminant loads are present. Indicator 6 shows the general excellent natural quality of groundwater, although it also denotes that 3 WRMUs need special consideration due to chromium and fluoride contamination. Indicator 7 demonstrates a close relationship between groundwater contamination occurrence and density/type of land occupation.

scholarly journals Representation of agriculture in water governance in São Paulo

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Constante Martins ◽  
Alexsandro Elias Arbarotti ◽  
Raiza Campregher
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Water Users ◽  
State Water

Abstract The water resources management model in the state of São Paulo is characterized by the participation of water users from different sectors of the economy within the ambit of River Basin Committees and other organizations of the water management system. The purpose of this article is to present a survey and systematization of the performance of representatives of São Paulo’s agricultural sector in this decentralized and participatory system of water governance. To this end, this article recreates the profile of this sectoral representation in the State Water Resources Council and in the Committees for rural areas with strong agricultural dynamics in the state. The findings of this study reveal significant political and propositional differences between São Paulo’s agriculture and agroindustry sectors. Such differences have to do with the structure and capillarity of the entities that represent these sectors, as well as their divergent concept of management.

scholarly journals Influenza viruses in adult dogs raised in rural and urban areas in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalva Assunção Portari Mancini ◽  
Rita Maria Zucatelli Mendonça ◽  
Aparecida Santo Pietro Pereira ◽  
Adélia Hiroko Nagamori Kawamoto ◽  
Camila Infantosi Vannucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Mean

In 1970, searching for the interspecies transmission of influenza viruses led to the first study on influenza viruses in domestic animals. Birds and mammals, including human beings, are their natural hosts; however, other animals may also play a role in the virus epidemiology. The objective was to investigate the incidence of influenza viruses in adult dogs raised in rural (9, 19.56%) and urban (37, 80.43%) areas in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Dog serum samples were examined for antibodies to influenza viruses by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using the corresponding antigens from the circulating viruses in Brazil. Dogs from rural areas presented antibodies to influenza A H3N2, and influenza A H7N7 and H3N8. In rural areas, dog sera displayed mean titers as 94.37, 227.88, 168.14, 189.62 HIU/25 µL for subtypes H1N1, H3N2, H7N7, H3N8, respectively. About 84% and 92% of dogs from urban areas exhibited antibodies to human influenza A H1N1 and H3N2, respectively, with statistical difference at p < 0.05 between the mean titers of antibodies to H1N1 and H3N2. About 92% and 100% were positive for H7N7 and H3N8, respectively. In dogs from urban areas, the mean titers of antibodies against influenza A H1N1, H3N2, H7N7 and H3N8, were 213.96, 179.42, 231.76, 231.35 HIU/25 µL respectively. The difference among them was not statistically significant at p > 0.05. In conclusion, these dogs were positive for both human and equine influenza viruses. The present study suggests the first evidence that influenza viruses circulate among dogs in Brazil.

scholarly journals First report of colonization by Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Silva ◽  
F. Virgínio ◽  
V. A. O. Estevão ◽  
M. L. Martins ◽  
A. N. Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Property A ◽  
Panstrongylus Megistus ◽  
First Report

Abstract We report the first known occurrence of Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil. In 2018, adult specimens were sent by residents to the competent authorities and, in the inspection of the property, a large focus associated with a marsupial nest was found. This finding reinforces the importance of the species in the state of São Paulo, serves as an alert for epidemiological surveillance and extends the species colonization area in the state of São Paulo.

scholarly journals Consolidation of the control of Chagas' disease vectors in the state of São Paulo

1984 ◽  
Vol 79 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Guilherme de Souza ◽  
Dalva Marly Valério-Wanderley ◽  
Geraldo Magela Buralli ◽  
José Carlos Rehder de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Chagas Disease Vectors

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of bacterial meningitis in the state of São Paulo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rocha Diniz Teles ◽  
Sabrina de Freitas Barros Soares ◽  
Paloma Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Gomes Diniz e Silva ◽  
Antonio Fernando Soares Menezes Segundo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Aged 80 And Over ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: Meningitis is an inflammatory process of the meninges, which can be of infectious cause or not. Among the infectious, the bacterial is the most alarming for society, since it has a much higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Objectives: Analyze and describe the epidemiological profile of bacterial meningitis in the State of São Paulo. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological study of cases of bacterial meningitis in the State of São Paulo, carried out through the DATASUS platform, in the period from 2016 to 2020. Results: The State of São Paulo registered 4013 cases of bacterial meningitis, 67.1% of the cases in the Southeast (5977), being responsible for 53% of the cases of this disease in Brazil. The most affected age group in the State was 0 to 4 years, 33.7% of the total, while elderly people aged 80 and over were the least affected (2.3%). As for deaths, São Paulo recorded 862 and a mortality rate of 21.4%, higher than the country average (20.5%), representing 64% of deaths in the Southeast region. In addition, males were the most affected, registering 58.1% of the total, while females registered 41.8%. Conclusions: São Paulo has the majority of cases and deaths from bacterial meningitis in its region, with a mortality rate that exceeds Brazilian averages and which contributes to the Southeast having more than half of the cases of meningitis in Brazil. More active epidemiological surveillance and greater dissemination of information on meningitis and its signs and symptoms is necessary.

scholarly journals Autochthonous acute Chagas’ disease in São Paulo State, Brazil: Epidemiological aspects

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Mário de Carvalho CIARAVOLO ◽  
Maria de Fátima DOMINGOS ◽  
Dalva Marli Valério WANDERLEy ◽  
Laércio José GERBI ◽  
Pedro Paulo CHIEFFI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Triatomine Bugs ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Acute Chagas Disease

Since the beginning of the seventies the natural transmission of Chagas’ infection has been considered to be under control in the State of São Paulo and not even a case of American Trypanosomiasis, transmitted by triatomine bugs, has been detected by the epidemiological surveillance system. This situation justifies the report of a case of acute Chagas’ disease that occurred in a forest area considered free of domiciliary triatomines along the Southern seacoast of São Paulo State. In May, 1995 the presence of trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi had been diagnosed in a retired 57 year-old male patient, born and living in Santos (São Paulo State), complaining of fever, fatigue and malaise. The patient reported that 40 days before he had participated with 17 friends in a 7-day excursion in a forest area of the municipalities of Itanhaém and Peruíbe. During this period the group had been lodged in three houses located within the forest. Eight days after the end of the excursion the patient began to have fever, malaise and fatigue. During the next 31 days he had received medical care both as an inpatient and an outpatient, without any significant improvement. After the detection of T. cruzi trypomastigotes in his blood stream the patient began to be treated with benzonidazole in a hospital but died 8 days after the beginning of treatment. The epidemiological investigation carried out showed no signs of the presence of triatomine bugs in the three houses where the group had been lodged, or any indication of Chagas' infection in other excursionists

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