Seroconversion and seroreactivity patterns of dairy goats naturally exposed to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in Brazil

A labelled avidin-biotin ELISA (lab-ELISA) using repeated serum samples of goats showed a progressive seroconversion with higher seroconversion rate at the period going from the beginning of the breeding up to the last half of lactation (35.0%), compared to that recorded at the beginning of breeding (17.8%)(p<0.05). Furthermore, the seroreactivity pattern, evaluated by a lab-ELISA standard-curve with serum samples collected at 30-40 days intervals during 12 months, was caracterized by high individual variability. No seroreversion was observed and there were higher titers in the group of animals which delivered kids and established a lactation period (n=6; mean titre=913.4 units) compared to the group of goats that failed to conceived (n=4; mean titre=261.2 units) (p<0.01).

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Competitive-Inhibition Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Serum Antibodies to Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus: Diagnostic Tool for Successful Eradication

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.10.2.267-271.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 267-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Lynn M. Herrmann ◽

William P. Cheevers ◽

Travis C. McGuire ◽

D. Scott Adams ◽

Melinda M. Hutton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Competitive Inhibition ◽

False Negative ◽

The United States ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Serum Antibodies ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus

ABSTRACT A competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was evaluated for the detection of serum antibodies to the surface envelope (SU) of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats. This assay utilized 96-well microtiter plates containing CAEV-63 SU captured by monoclonal antibody (MAb) F7-299 and measured the competitive displacement of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated MAb GPB 74A binding by undiluted goat sera (F. Özyörük, W. P. Cheevers, G. A. Hullinger, T. C. McGuire, M. Hutton, and D. P. Knowles, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 8:44-51, 2001). Two hundred serum samples from goats in the United States were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of cELISA based on the immunoprecipitation (IP) of [35S]methionine-labeled viral antigens as a standard of comparison. A positive cELISA was defined as >33.2% inhibition of MAb 74A binding based on 2 standard deviations above the mean percent inhibition of 140 IP-negative serum samples. At this cutoff value, there were 0 of 60 false-negative sera (100% sensitivity) and 5 of 140 false-positive sera (96.4% specificity). Additional studies utilized IP-monitored cELISA to establish a CAEV-free herd of 1,640 dairy goats.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors of exposure to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in southern Spain

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.104014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 180 (9) ◽

pp. 226-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

B. Barrero Domínguez ◽

I. Luque ◽

A. Maldonado ◽

B. Huerta ◽

M. Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Herd Size ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Total Percentage ◽

Natural Mating ◽

Cleaning And Disinfection

The aim of the present transversal descriptive study was to determine the exposure and risk factors associated with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in southern Spain. A total of 3,312 serum samples were collected from goat belonging to three different breeds coming from 48 flocks located in different geographic areas from southern Spain. In addition, health and productive parameters were surveyed during the visit to the herds. Serum samples were analysed by INgezim Maedi Screening (Ingenasa®) ELISA kit. The total percentage of herds exposed to CAEV was 87.71% (CI95 78.42–97.00). A total of 733 goats were seropositive with overall seroprevalence of 23.22% (CI95 21.78–24.65). The intraherd seroprevalence was 20.82%±24.07. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant association between CAEV and the next variables: (i) herd size (P<0.0001; OR: 2.07; CI95: 1.73–2.50), (ii) kidding area (P<0.0020; OR: 1.38; CI95: 1.13–1.69), (iii) cleaning and disinfection program (P<0.0067; OR: 1.90; CI95: 1.43–2.53), (iv) natural mating (P<0.0026; OR: 2.22; CI95: 1.73–2.86) and (v) multiparous (P<0.0001; OR: 2.90; CI95: 2.17–3.87). The results indicate a widespread of CAEV in goat herds in southern Spain, with herd size, existence of kidding area, absence of a cleaning and disinfection programme, natural mating and multiparous goats being risk factors for exposure to CAEV.

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Eradication of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in the goat population of South Tyrol, Italy: analysis of the tailing phenomenon during the 2016–2017 campaign

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638720934055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 589-593

Author(s):

Stefano Nardelli ◽

Astrid Bettini ◽

Katia Capello ◽

Giuseppe Bertoni ◽

Alexander Tavella

Keyword(s):

Small Ruminant ◽

Seroconversion Rate ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽

South Tyrol ◽

Goat Population ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Autonomous Province ◽

Genotype A

Since 2007, the Autonomous Province of Bolzano–South Tyrol (Italy) has carried out a compulsory eradication program against caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats. A drastic seroprevalence reduction was achieved during the initial phase (2007–2011); however, a tailing phenomenon has been observed during the latest years, hampering the achievement of the final goal. CAEV belongs to a group of lentiviruses, called small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), which are antigenically related and can infect both goats and sheep. We investigated the possible link between the tailing phenomenon in goats and the role of sheep as a virus reservoir by comparing serologic results between multispecies farms (where goats and sheep coexist) and monospecies farms (goats only). Goats on multispecies farms had a higher prevalence and seroconversion rate (even if to a rather moderate extent), higher antibody titers, and a higher probability of conclusive results in the genotyping analysis, with more frequent identification of SRLV genotype A (sheep-related) infections. Sheep can serve as a SRLV reservoir, thus contributing to scattered positive tests in goats, causing the tailing phenomenon.

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Effect of caprine arthritis–encephalitis virus infection on milk cell count and N-acetyl-β–glucosaminidase activity in dairy goats

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900027643 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 299-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Diane P. Ryan ◽

Paul L. Greenwood ◽

Paul J. Nicholls

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Cell Counts

SummaryBacteriology, somatic cell counts (SCO) and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity determinations were conducted on milk samples collected from does in three dairy herds with caprine arthritis–encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection. In two herds, CAEV-infected does were more likely to have a subclinical bacterial infection of the udder than CAEV-free does (P < 0·05). Does with CAEV but no bacterial udder infection had significantly greater mean SCO and NAGase activity than CAEV-free does without udder infection (P < 0·01). In two herds, changes in milk SCC and NAGase associated with CAEV infection were similar to those produced by coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections. The findings confirm that indirect indicators of bacterial mastitis infection may have reduced specificity in dairy goat herds with CAEV.

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Diagnosis of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus infection in dairy goats by ELISA, PCR and Viral Culture

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.1515/pjvs-2017-0042 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 347-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Panneum ◽

T. Rukkwamsuk

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Test Performance ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Antigenic Variation ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽

Viral Culture

AbstractFor preventive and control strategies of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) infection in dairy goats, performance of the available diagnostic tests was described as one of the most important and necessary aspects. The study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic test performance, including PCR, ELISA and viral culture, for CAEV infection in dairy goats in Thailand. Blood samples of 29 dairy goats from five low- to medium-prevalence herds and one very low-prevalence herd were collected for PCR and ELISA methods. The performance of these two diagnostic methods was evaluated by comparing with cytopathic effects (CPE) in the co-cultivation of CAEV and primary synovial cells. Results indicated that sensitivity, specificity were, respectively, 69.6%, 100%, for PCR; and 95.7%, 83.3% for ELISA. The PCR assay tended to have lower sensitivity and higher specificity than ELISA. When multiple tests were applied, parallel testing provided sensitivity and specificity of 98.7% and 83.3%, while series testing showed sensitivity and specificity of 66.6% and 100% respectively. These results indicated that combination of ELISA and PCR provided some advantages and possibly offered optimal methods to detect CAEV-infected goats. Kappa value of the agreement between PCR and ELISA test was 0.34, indicating fair agreement. Regarding the possibility of antigenic variation between CAEV strains used in both PCR and ELISA assays, the actual circulating CAEV strain should be reviewed in order to develop and enhance the diagnostic tests using the CAE viral antigens derived from specific local strains of Thailand.

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Initial multi-target approach shows importance of improved caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus control program in Russia for hobbyist goat farms

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.1718-1726 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1718-1726

Author(s):

Eduard A. Shuralev ◽

Nail I. Khammadov ◽

Konstantin A. Osyanin ◽

Inna A. Elizarova ◽

Gaysha R. Salmanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Program ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽

The Third ◽

Molecular Tests

Background and Aim: Several reports described the detection of specific caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) antibodies in Russian goat populations, which indicates the circulation of CAEV in Russian goat farms. The aim of this study was to use a multi-target approach to testing with both serological tests and an in-house real-time (RT) molecular test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats from three hobbyist farms in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Materials and Methods: We applied a multi-target approach to testing with both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an in-house RT polymerase chain reaction test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats. Animals from the three hobbyist farms were used in this study. The animals from two farms (n=13 for F1 and n=8 for F2) had clinical signs of arthritis and mastitis. In the third farm (n=15 for F3), all goats were home-bred and had no contact with imported animals. Results: CAEV antibodies (ELISA targets TM env and gag genes) were detected in serum samples from two farms (F1 and F2), indicating seroprevalence of 87.50-92.31%. Specific CAEV antibodies were also detected in milk samples. CAEV proviral DNA was detected in 53.85-62.50%. The results from all tests performed in the third farm (F3) were negative, indicating that all tests were 100% specific. Conclusion: The results showed that CAEV is circulating and present in small hobbyist goat farms in Russia. Serological and molecular tests could be important for programs to control and eradicate CAEV in Russia for hobbyist goat farms.

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Initial Multitarget Approach Shows Importance for Improved Caprine Arthritis-encephalitis Virus Control Program in Russia for Hobbyist Goat Farms

10.20944/preprints202009.0270.v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eduard A. Shuralev ◽

Nail I. Khammadov ◽

Konstantin A. Osyanin ◽

Inna A. Elizarova ◽

Gaysha R. Salmanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Program ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽

The Third ◽

Molecular Tests ◽

The Republic

Aim: The aim of this study was to use a multi target approach to testing with both serological tests and an in-house real-time molecular test to investigate the prevalence of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats from three hobbyist farms in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Materials and Methods: We have approached the detection of using a multi target approach testing with both ELISA and an in-house real-time PCR test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats. Animals from three hobbyist farms were used in this study. The animals from two farms (n=13 for F1 and n=8 for F2) had clinical signs of arthritis and mastitis. In the third farm (n=15 for F3), all goats were homebred and had no contact with imported animals. Results: CAEV antibodies (ELISA targets TM env and gag genes) were detected in serum samples from two farms (F1 and F2), indicating a seroprevalence 87.50-92.31%. Specific CAEV antibodies were also detected in milk samples. CAEV proviral DNA was detected in 53.85-62.50%. Results from all tests performed in the third farm (F3) were negative, indicting all tests were 100% specific.Conclusion: Results of this work show that CAEV is circulating and present in small hobbyist goat farms in Russia. Serological and molecular tests could be of importance for CAEV control and eradication programs in Russia for hobbyist goat farms.

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