Seroprevalence and risk factors of exposure to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in southern Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 180 (9) ◽  
pp. 226-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Barrero Domínguez ◽  
I. Luque ◽  
A. Maldonado ◽  
B. Huerta ◽  
M. Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

The aim of the present transversal descriptive study was to determine the exposure and risk factors associated with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in southern Spain. A total of 3,312 serum samples were collected from goat belonging to three different breeds coming from 48 flocks located in different geographic areas from southern Spain. In addition, health and productive parameters were surveyed during the visit to the herds. Serum samples were analysed by INgezim Maedi Screening (Ingenasa®) ELISA kit. The total percentage of herds exposed to CAEV was 87.71% (CI95 78.42–97.00). A total of 733 goats were seropositive with overall seroprevalence of 23.22% (CI95 21.78–24.65). The intraherd seroprevalence was 20.82%±24.07. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant association between CAEV and the next variables: (i) herd size (P<0.0001; OR: 2.07; CI95: 1.73–2.50), (ii) kidding area (P<0.0020; OR: 1.38; CI95: 1.13–1.69), (iii) cleaning and disinfection program (P<0.0067; OR: 1.90; CI95: 1.43–2.53), (iv) natural mating (P<0.0026; OR: 2.22; CI95: 1.73–2.86) and (v) multiparous (P<0.0001; OR: 2.90; CI95: 2.17–3.87). The results indicate a widespread of CAEV in goat herds in southern Spain, with herd size, existence of kidding area, absence of a cleaning and disinfection programme, natural mating and multiparous goats being risk factors for exposure to CAEV.

Paratuberculosis in dairy goat flocks from southern Spain: risk factors associated with seroprevalence

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (19) ◽  
pp. 600-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Barrero-Domínguez ◽  
Inmaculada Luque ◽  
Belen Huerta ◽  
Jaime Gomez-Laguna ◽  
Ángela Galán-Relaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Worldwide Distribution

BackgroundParatuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic, enteric wasting disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), with a worldwide distribution. Andalusia, located in southern Spain, is one of the European regions with the highest goat census and the highest milk production; however, current data on the prevalence of MAP in this species are not available.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with PTB in dairy goat flocks from southern Spain. A total of 3312 serum samples were collected from 48 flocks located in three different geographical areas. Health and productive parameters were surveyed during the visit to the herds.ResultsA total of 511 goats were seropositive, with overall true seroprevalence of 22.54 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval (CI95) 21.12–23.97). Of the goat herds, 87.50 per cent (CI9578.14–96.98) were seropositive. The intraherd seroprevalence was 25.43±31.71, distributed as follows: 22 flocks with a seroprevalence under 10 per cent; 18 flocks between 10 per cent and 50 per cent; and eight flocks with a frequency over 50 per cent. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant association between PTB seropositivity and the following variables: intensive production system, lack of management by batches, inappropriate ventilationandseropositivity tocaprinearthritisencephalitisvirus (CAEV).ConclusionsThe results indicate a widespread PTB infection in goat herds in southern Spain. Thus, control programmes must include management and sanitary measures to reduce the prevalence. Further experimental studies are necessary to determine the influence of CAEV-PTB coinfection on immune status.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characterization and risk factors associated with leptospirosis and brucellosis in small ruminants sold at animal fair in the Sertão Region of Pernambuco State, a semiarid Region of Northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Romero Alexandre Alves ◽  
Geilson Manoel de Souza Lima ◽  
José Dêvede da Silva ◽  
Diego Figueiredo da Costa ◽  
Fabrine Alexandre dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Management System ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Leptospira Spp

The transit of infected animals may be a route for the introduction and dispersal of diseases, which necessitates protocols for the controlled entry of infected animals into herds. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira and anti-Brucella ovis antibodies in small ruminants sold at an animal fair in the Sertão region of the Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, and to identify the possible risk factors associated with seropositivity. Serum samples were collected from 233 goats and 119 sheep, belonging to twelve different owners from November 2014 to June 2015. Diagnosis of Leptospira spp. infection was established using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT); for B. ovis infection, the agar gel immuno-diffusion (AGID) test was conducted. A total of 16/233 (6.87%; 95% CI = 4.27% – 10.83%) goats and 16/119 (13.45%; 95% CI = 8.67% – 21.24%) sheep were identified as seropositive for Leptospira spp. The most frequent serotype was Icterohaemorrhagiae. In goats, intensive management system (odds ratio = 15.8; p < 0.001) and consorted rearing of equines and goats (odds ratio = 7.3; p = 0.005) were identified as risk factors. There were no risk factors identified for sheep. Seven (5.88%; 95% CI = 2.88% – 11.65%) sheep were seropositive for B. ovis, and the intensive management system was identified as the risk factor (odds ratio = 11.5; p = 0.005). This suggests that Leptospira spp. and B. ovis infections occur in small ruminants commercialized in the Sertão region of the Pernambuco State. Thus, improvements to the sanitary conditions of the facilities and the control of synanthropic rodents are recommended.

Prevalence and risk factors of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection (CAEV) in Northern Somalia

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.M. Ghanem ◽  
S.A. El-Khodery ◽  
Ashraf A. Saad ◽  
S.A. Elragaby ◽  
A.H. Abdelkader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus

scholarly journals Epidemiological characterization and risk factors associated with lentiviral infection of small ruminants at animal fairs in the semiarid Sertão region of Pernambuco, Brazilian semiarid

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1875
Author(s):  
José Romero Alexandre Alves ◽  
Clécio Henrique Limeira ◽  
Geilson Manoel de Souza Lima ◽  
Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro ◽  
Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Factors Associated

Animal agglomerations at commercial events such as trade fairs represent an important facilitator in infectious disease transmission. Thus, it is crucial to understand the epidemiology of infectious diseases in small ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine lentiviral presence in goats and sheep traded at the animal fair of Tabira city (Sertão region of Pernambuco) and identify possible risk factors associated with infection. We collected serum samples from 233 crossbred goats and 119 crossbred sheep, belonging to 12 breeders, at the Tabira livestock fair from November 2014 to June 2015. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to analyze the risk factors. Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and western blotting (WB) were performed to diagnose small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection. In the AGID test, we used maedi-visna virus (MVV) antigens for sheep and caprine arthritis/encephalitis virus (strain Cork) (CAEV-Co) antigen for goats. The WB analysis used CAEV-Co antigen for both species. Variables from the questionnaire were analyzed with univariate and multivariate statistics. One seropositive goat but no sheep was identified via AGID. According to the WB results, 15/233 goats (6.44%; CI95% = 3.94 - 10.35%) and 8/119 sheep (6.72%; CI95% = 3.45 - 12.71%) were seropositive, totaling 23/352 reactive animals (6.53%; CI95% = 4.39 - 9.61%) from 12 herds. Annual vermifugation of the animals was a significant risk factor (odds ratio = 5.9; CI95% = 1.7-19.8; p = 0.04) for disease in goats, but no variables associated with infection risks were identified in sheep. We concluded that SRLV was present in goats and sheep at the animal fair. Western blots were more sensitive than AGID for SRLV diagnosis. Practices aiming to improve sanitary management may reduce the risk of infection in goats. All studied herds included animals identified as seropositive for SRLV. Therefore, we recommend adopting measures that increase disease diagnosis while intensifying traffic control and surveillance of animal agglomerations.

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in bovines of Chhattisgarh, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lata Jain ◽  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
Sameer Chaturvedi ◽  
Goutam Roy ◽  
Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated

Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease causing reproductive problems and abortions in bovines leading to huge economic losses to the dairy industry. Seroepidemiology and risk factors associated with brucellosis were investigated in cattle and buffaloes of Chhattisgarh, India. A total of 374 serum samples from bovines were collected randomly from 94 villages of six districts of Chhattisgarh state with different attributes and were screened by i-ELISA for the detection of antibodies. The overall true seroprevalence for brucellosis was observed to be 14.17%. Brucellosis was significantly more prevalent in animals of organized farms, cross bred, age above 7 years, clinically ailing ones particularly cases of abortion and repeat breeding compared to apparently health animals. The finding represented a major impact on animal health and productivity as well as a high risk to the human population.

scholarly journals Risk factor analysis associated with Neospora caninum in dairy cattle in Western Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliana de Jesus Souza Venturoso ◽  
Osvaldo Juliatti Venturoso ◽  
Gisele Glomba Silva ◽  
Maerle Oliveira Maia ◽  
Rute Witter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Control

Abstract Neospora caninum is considered to be one of the main causes of abortion among cattle. The present survey was conducted in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia State, Brazil. A questionnaire that investigates the epidemiological aspects of neosporosis was used in the analysis of risk factors associated with the animal-level and herd-level prevalence in dairy cattle. A total of 416 bovine blood samples were collected from 30 farms, and N. caninum antibody levels were measured by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Analysis of dairy cattle serum samples revealed the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies to be 47.36% (n = 197). Risk factors associated with N. caninum infection were the management system and access locations of dogs. The results of the present survey indicated that infection of dairy cattle with N. caninum is widespread in the studied region of Western Amazon, which has implications for prevention and control of neosporosis in this region. Therefore, integrated control strategies and measures are recommended to prevent and control N. caninum infection in dairy cattle. In addition, direct contact between dairy cattle, dogs and wild animals, which can influence the epidemiology of neosporosis, should be investigated further.

scholarly journals HBV and HCV serological markers in patients with the hepatosplenic form of mansonic schistosomiasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéfferson Luis de Almeida Silva ◽  
Veridiana Sales Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Tatiana Aguiar Santos Vilella ◽  
Ana Lúcia C. Domingues ◽  
Maria Rosângela Cunha Duarte Coêlho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

CONTEXT: Blood transfusion is one of the major risk factors for the transmission of the hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses. However, there are no reports describing the endoscopic transmission of these viruses in patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of serological markers of HBV and HCV in patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis and evaluate the possible risk factors associated with these infections. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 230 patients with hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis who attended a university hospital in Recife, Northeastern Brazil, from February to August 2008. The patients answered a standardized questionnaire about risk factors. Serum samples were analyzed for anti-HBc total, anti-HBs, HBsAg, and anti-HCV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence was 30% for anti-HBc total and/or HBsAg and 7.4% for anti-HCV. There was a higher frequency of the serological markers in females and in patients aged .50 years. A significant association was detected between the presence of anti-HCV and the receipt of six or more blood transfusions. There was no association of history and number of digestive endoscopies with the serological markers analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a higher prevalence of serological markers for HBV and a lower prevalence of anti-HCV. Our results indicate that females and patients of an advanced age are the most affected categories and that patients that received multiple transfusions are at a higher probability of HCV infection.

RISK FACTORS AND SEROPREVALENCE OF BRUCELLA SPP. IN CATTLE FROM WESTERN AMAZON, BRAZIL

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
D.M. Aguiar ◽  
G.T. Cavalcante ◽  
M.B. Labruna ◽  
S.A. Vasconcellos ◽  
A.A.R. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Factors

ABSTRACT The seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and the possible associated risk factors were estimated for 2,109 adult cows in Monte Negro county, State of Rondônia, Brazil. A questionnaire was completed for each farm where cattle were sampled. Laboratory tests were Rose-Bengal Agglutination, Standard Tube agglutination, and Mercaptoethanol. The adjusted overall prevalence of Brucella spp. seropositive cows for Monte Negro county was 15% and at least 54 herds (63%) were positive. A logistic regression analysis suggested that the herd size of more than 25 cows and the presence of pigs were significant factors associated with the seropositivity (herd size: OD = 2.8; P=0.02; presence of pigs: OD = 2.5; P =0.04). Other significant variables associated to the infection, analysed by Chi-Square were the presence of seropositivity cows with the herd that were repeat breeders and birth of weak calves (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Three Species of Pet Birds in Northwest China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cong ◽  
Qing-Feng Meng ◽  
Xiao-Feng Shan ◽  
Wu-Wen Sun ◽  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pet Birds

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of hepatitis E, has been reported in a wide variety of animals, including birds, but little is known of HEV infection in pet birds in northwest China. The objective of the present investigation was to examine HEV seroprevalence in three species of pet birds, namely, Eurasian siskin, Oriental skylark, and black-tailed grosbeak from Gansu. Serum samples collected from 685 pet birds from August 2011 to September 2012 were examined independently for the presence of antibodies against HEV. A total of 59 (8.31%) pet birds were tested positive for HEV antibodies by the commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits. Of these, the seroprevalence was diverse in different species pet birds; the most frequent level was 10.83% (39/360) in Eurasian siskin, followed by 6.57% (19/289) in Oriental skylark, and 2.29% (1/36) in black-tailed grosbeak. Age and collecting region of pet birds were the main risk factors associated with HEV infection. The present study firstly revealed the seroprevalence of HEV infection in three species of pet birds in northwest China, which provided the baseline data for taking comprehensive countermeasures and measures for effectively preventing and controlling HEV infection in birds.

Infection risk factors associated with seropositivity forToxoplasma gondiiin a population-based study in the Central Region, Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
pp. 1904-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. ABU ◽  
J. N. BOAMPONG ◽  
I. AYI ◽  
G. GHARTEY-KWANSAH ◽  
R. AFOAKWAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Infection Risk Factors

SUMMARYAbout 20–90% of the world's population has had contact withToxoplasma gondiiparasites. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated withT. gondiiinfection in the Central Region, Ghana. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected communities. Serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondiiIgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA. A serological criterion for seropositivity was a positive test result for any of the two anti-ToxoplasmaIgG or IgM antibodies or a combination of both. In all, 390 participants of mean age 47·0 years consisting of 118 (30·3%) males and 272 (69·7%) females were tested. The overall seroprevalence ofT. gondiiwas 85% (333/390) where fishermen, farmers and fishmongers, respectively, had the highest seropositivity. IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 329 (84%) and 25 (6%), respectively, while both IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 21 (5%) of the participants. Respectively, 1% (4/390) and 79% (308/390) of participants tested positive for IgM-only and IgG-only antibodies. There was a significant relationship betweenToxoplasmaseropositivity and contact with soil, presence of a cat in the surrounding area, age, sources of drinking water, level of formal education, and socioeconomic status. The results suggest that the seashore may serve as a good ground for sporulation and survival ofToxoplasmaoocysts.

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