scholarly journals Multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1) and opioid analgesia in horses

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Corrêa Natalini ◽  
Anderson Fávaro da Cunha ◽  
Renata Lehn Linardi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Mdr1 Gene ◽  
Neuronal Uptake ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistance Gene ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Opioid absorption in the intestinal tract as well as its effects in the central nervous system is modulated by the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded in the Multi-drug Resistance gene (MDR1) also named ATP-binding cassete, subfamily B, member 1 (ABCB1). This MDR1 gene acts as a selective pump. The expression of this protein in humans and rodents inhibits cellular uptake of substrate opioids. The presence of the intestinal iso-enzyme CYP3A4 associated with MDR1 gene decreases the opioid analgesic activity due to an increase in intestinal metabolism, with a predicted intestinal first pass extraction around 20% which significantly influences the oral availability of opioids. In the central nervous system, P-gp expression decreases opioid neuronal uptake diminishing the analgesic effects. It is unknown if horses have the MDR1 gene and P-gp and what are the effects on opioid absorption, metabolism, and analgesia. Identifying the MDR1 gene and P-gp status in horses is of great importance in order to better understand opioid pharmacologic effects in horses.

The association of a genetic variant in multi-drug resistance gene and colorectal cancer susceptibility

Gene Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101252
Author(s):  
Forouzan Amerizadeh ◽  
Mehrdad Moetamani-Ahmadi ◽  
Soodabeh Shahidsales ◽  
Farzad Rahmani ◽  
Masoumeh Gharib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistance Gene

Central nervous system involvement in goats undergoing primary infections with Trypanosoma brucei and relapse infections after chemotherapy

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Whitelaw ◽  
J. E. Moulton ◽  
W. I. Morrison ◽  
M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Relapse of infection after trypanocidal drug treatment of trypanosome infections is normally attributed to drug resistance on the part of the parasite, under-dosage of the drug, or reinfection of the host. We have demonstrated relapse infections in goats arising from none of these. Fourteen goats infected with Trypanosoma brucei suffered severe illness and 3 died within 45 days. Despite treatment with the trypanocidal drug Berenil, a 4th goat died 2 days later. Recovery of the remainder followed chemotherapy, and in 2 goats, necropsiecl 45 days after treatment, no trypanosomes or abnormalities were detected. However 2–3 months after Berenil chemotherapy, despite trypanosomes being undetectable in the blood during the intervening period, infections in 4 of the remaining 8 animals relapsed. At all stages of the primary and relapse infections, trypanosomes isolated from the blood of the goats were completely susceptible to Berenil when tested in mice, as were parasites isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue at necropsy. At the time of treatment, only minimal cellular infiltration was found in the central nervous system (CNS), but death from the relapse infection was associated with a very severe meningoencephalitis. We conclude that the relapse infections were caused by the re-emergence of trypanosornes from the CNS, where sequestered parasites were inaccessible to the trypanocidal effects of the drug.

scholarly journals Association of multi-drug resistance gene polymorphisms with pancreatic cancer outcome

Cancer ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motofumi Tanaka ◽  
Taro Okazaki ◽  
Hideo Suzuki ◽  
James L. Abbruzzese ◽  
Donghui Li
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistance Gene ◽  
Cancer Outcome
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