scholarly journals Calli induction in leaf explants of coffee elite genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Costa de Rezende ◽  
Carlos Henrique Siqueira de Carvalho ◽  
Moacir Pasqual ◽  
Ana Carolina Ramia Santos ◽  
Stephan Malfitano de Carvalho

Three experiments were carried out with the objective of achieving high effectiveness in calli induction from high heterozygosis leaf explants of Coffea arabica through indirect somatic embryogenesis. A randomized-block design in a 2x5 factorial arrangement made up of two media [BOXTEL & BERTHOULY (1996) and TEIXEIRA et al. (2004)] and five C. arabica genotypes were used in the first experiment. In the second experiment the embryogenic calli production potential was evaluated in ten genotypes. Each of them was considered as a treatment. In the third experiment the variations in both 2.4-D (2.5 e 20µM) and 2-iP (2.5 e 20µM) concentrations in TEIXEIRA et al. (2004) medium and secondary media were evaluated. Crops were kept in a growth room under darkness, at 25±2oC. The medium described by TEIXEIRA et al (2004) was found to be superior when compared to that described by BOXTEL & BERTHOULY (1996) in the 2.2 and 7.2 genotypes. An opposite behavior was noticed in 4.2 genotype, that is, BOXTEL & BERTHOULY (1996) had medium superiority. Both 3.0 and 5.0 genotypes had the same behavior in both media studied, which shows that the somatic embryo production depends on the genotype. Calli induction depends on the 2-iP and 2.4 D ratio. The 20.0µM of 2.4-D and 20.0µM of 2-iP combination caused the highest embryogenic calli induction rate.

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1536
Author(s):  
João Paulo de Morais Oliveira ◽  
Natália Arruda Sanglard ◽  
Adésio Ferreira ◽  
Wellington Ronildo Clarindo

Coffea arabica genotypes present distinct responses in vitro, and somaclonal variation occurrence has been reported. Global cytosine methylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that influences the Coffea in vitro responses. We aimed to establish the indirect somatic embryogenesis in C. arabica ‘Catuaí Vermelho’, ‘Caturra’ and ‘Oeiras’, associate the distinct responses to the methylated cytosine genomic level, and check the ploidy stability. Leaf explants were cultured in callus induction and proliferation medium. The resulted calli were transferred to the regeneration medium, and the mature cotyledonary somatic embryos were transferred to the seedling medium. ‘Oeiras’ exhibited the highest number of responsive leaf explants, followed by ‘Caturra’ and ‘Catuaí Vermelho’. Global methylated cytosine level increased over time in the ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ and ‘Caturra’ friable calli, remaining constant in ‘Oeiras’. ‘Oeiras’ did not regenerate somatic embryos, while ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ exhibited the highest number. Somatic embryo regeneration was associated with the increase of the methylated cytosine level. However, the ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ embryogenic calli showed a lower methylated cytosine level than ‘Caturra’. Recovered plantlets exhibited the same 2C value and chromosome number to the explant donors. Therefore, cytosine hypermethylation occurred during C. arabica indirect somatic embryogenesis, influencing cell competence and somatic embryos regeneration.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davis Mark Ssemanda ◽  
Enock Ssekuubwa

Abstract Broussonetia papyrifera has been identified as one of the top invasive species in some African tropical forests with potentially devastating impacts on the conservation and timber production potential of the forests. This study determined the effect of B. papyrifera on the regeneration of selected native timber species in Mabira Forest Reserve, Uganda. The abundance, basal area and population structure of the timber species were compared between areas invaded and uninvaded by B. papyrifera. Employing a complete randomized block design, a total of forty plots (30 x 30 m each), and equally distributed between invaded and uninvaded areas with similar habitat conditions were surveyed. Counts of seedlings were recorded and diameter of saplings and trees measured. Generalized linear models were used to analyze the abundance, tree basal area and size class distributions of the selected species. The study revealed that the effects of B. papyrifera invasion vary depending on the growth stage and species studied. Overall, B. papyrifera invasion significantly reduced tree abundance and basal area, and suppressed the regeneration of some but not all the selected species. Our results demonstrate that if the spread of B. papyrifera is not abated, it will lower the conservation and timber production potential of tropical forests. Therefore, we call for interventions to control the spread of B. papyrifera to the uninvaded parts of the forests and halt its multiplication in invaded areas so as to enhance the regeneration and growth of timber species.


Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rossi Vicente ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
ANDRÉ LUÍS TEIXEIRA FERNANDES ◽  
FÁBIO TEIXEIRA DELAZARI ◽  
EDMILSON MARQUES FIGUEREDO

EFEITO DE DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NAS VARIÁVEIS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO CAFEEIRO IRRIGADO POR PIVÔ CENTRAL  MARCELO ROSSI VICENTE1; EVERARDO CHARTUNI MANTOVANI2; ANDRÉ LUÍS TEIXEIRA FERNANDES3; FÁBIO TEIXEIRA DELAZARI4 E EDMILSON MARQUES FIGUEREDO5 1 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, MG, [email protected] Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, [email protected] Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Fábio Teixeira Delazari, [email protected] Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, [email protected] Bahia Farm Show, Luís Eduardo Magalhães, BA, [email protected]  1      RESUMO O presente trabalho foi conduzido com objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação nas variáveis de produção, estádios maturação de frutos e eficiência no uso da água pela cultura do cafeeiro irrigado por pivô central equipado com emissores LEPA, na região Oeste da Bahia. Realizou-se o trabalho na fazenda Café do Rio Branco, localizada em Barreiras - BA em cafeeiros adultos da variedade Catuaí IAC 144. O experimento obedeceu ao delineamento de blocos casualizados, composto de cinco tratamentos correspondentes à 70, 85, 100, 125 e 150% da lâmina de irrigação determinada pelo software Irriplus. As produtividades, os estádios de maturação dos frutos e eficiência no uso da água do cafeeiro foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão, em que os modelos foram escolhidos baseados na significância dos coeficientes de regressão utilizando-se o teste t de 1 a 10% de probabilidade. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que, a produtividade da cultura do café foi expressivamente dependente da lâmina de água aplicada, sendo que a maior produtividade (60 sc ha-1) foi alcançada com a lâmina de irrigação acumulada de 661 mm ano-1, correspondente à 96% da lâmina de irrigação determinada pelo software Irriplus. A lâmina que proporcionou a máxima porcentagem de frutos cereja (44,1%) foi de 723 mm ano-1 (105%). A lâmina que proporcionou a maior eficiência no uso da água foi de 480 mm ano-1 (70%). Palavras-Chave: Coffea arabica, manejo da irrigação, emissor LEPA, uso eficiente da água.  VICENTE, M. R.; MANTOVANI, E. M.; FERNANDES, A. L. T.; DELAZARI, F. T.; FIGUEREDO, E. M.EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF IRRIGATION DEPTHS   ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION VARIABLES OF COFFEE UNDER CENTER PIVOT  IRRIGATION     2        ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths on yield, ripening stages and water use efficiency by the   coffee crop irrigated by center pivot with LEPA emitters in western Bahia. The experiment was carried out at the Café Rio Branco farm, in Barreiras city, Bahia state, using  adult coffee trees of cv. Catuaí IAC 144. A completely randomized block design was used with five treatments consisting of 70, 85, 100, 125 and 150 % of ETc, determined by the Irriplus software.  Data of yield, fruit ripening stage and water use efficiency were evaluated   using analyses of variance  and regression. Models were chosen based on level of significance of   regression coefficients using the Student´s t-test, 1 to  10% probability.  Based on the results,  coffee crop yield was highly dependent on  the water depth applied. The highest yield (3.6 ton/ha) was achieved  using accumulated irrigation depth of 661 mm year -1 (96 % of Etc).  Water depths of   723 mm year-1 (105 %) and 480 mm year-1 (70% ETc)  provided the highest percentage of cherry fruit (44.1%) and the highest water use efficiency, respectively. Keywords: Coffea arábica, irrigation management, LEPA emitter, water use efficiency.


2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 09-18
Author(s):  
I. D. Alemu ◽  
D. S. Boke

The present study was aimed to determine genetic diversity of Coffea arabica landraces based on morphological characteristics at seedling stage in Guji zones. Three kebeles and twenty-five farmers’ coffee landraces were selected based on availability of Coffea arabica landraces from each district by the guidance of Developmental Agency in the kebele. Coffea arabica seeds were collected and planted at kercha nursery sub-site in plastic pots arranged on randomized block design. Seedling characteristics were collected from one year old randomly selected four coffee seedlings from each plot. The results showed that there were significant variations (p<0.05) between and within Coffea arabica landraces of the district. The seedling height of Coffea arabica collected from Didiba local was highest (11.25) followed by Sorile local (11.17) whereas Ebala local was the least. Coffea arabica from Diqisa local (5.25) was the highest for leaf height followed by Didiba local (5.13), Harobora (5.00) and Wacufora local (5.00). Similarly, Wacufora local (2.05) and Didiba local (2.53) were the highest in leaf width. The Coffea arabica landrace of Qaqali local (6.25) and Harobora local (5.75) were the highest in number of paired leaves. Correlation between the characteristics of coffee seedling showed that seedling height was high and significantly correlated with leaf width (0.62**), number of paired leaves (0.58**), node number (0.57**) and leaf area (0.64**). Similarly, leaf height was high and significantly correlated with leaf width (0.72**) and leaf area (0.77**). Generally, the increase of leaf height increases the leaf width and leaf area. Existence of morphological variation of Coffea arabica at seedling stage was used to determine Coffea arabica diversity in this study area. Therefore, Coffea arabica landraces having high seedling height, leaf height, number of paired leaves and leaf area should get attention during selection for plantation. Additionally, farmers, conservationists and other concerned bodies should take action to conserve and keep the gene pool of these coffees. As a result, it opens the door for biotechnologists to characterize coffee at molecular level and breeder scan take action on it to release superior coffee varieties.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solly Aryza

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of soil type, biochar type and dose of soybean seed germination in a glass house as biochar quality test. The study used a randomized block design with three factors and two replications. First factor were biochar type application: B1 (Rice hull biochar/RHB ); B2(Maize Strover Biochar/MSB); B3 (Rice straw biochar/RSB); B4 (Bagasse Biochar/BB); B5 (Tapioca residue Biochar/TRB); B6 (Oil palm empty fruit bunch/OPB). Second Factor were biochar rate application : 10 t/ha (M1); 20 t/ha (M2). The third Factor was soil type/origin application: Soil from Rampah District (T1); Soil from Medan (T2); District Soil from Galang District(T3). The results of this research showed biochar type, doses of application, soil type, and its interaction significantly affected soybean germination and growth of soybean germination. Rice hull biochar and Bagasse Biochar showed the highest soybean germination percentage and rice hull biochar, and tapioca residue biochar showed the highest growth of soybean germination. Soil from the growth of soybean germination Medan district does biochar at 20 t/ha and interaction 2 factor T2B1 dan B2M1 showed the highest soybean germination percentage


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Tursina Tursina ◽  
Irfan Irfan ◽  
Sri Haryani

Abstrak: Susu didefinisikan sebagai salah satu bahan pangan bernutrisi tinggi yang baik berperan sebagai asupan penting untuk, pertumbuhan kesehatan dan kecerdasan. Walaupun susu memiliki nilai gizi yang sangat baik namun untuk sebagian orang konsumsi dapat menimbulkan masalah berupa terjadinya lactose intolerance yaitu ketidakmampuan tubuh untuk mencerna laktosa yang terdapat didalam susu. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan mengubah laktosa menjadi glukosa dan galaktosa dengan cara fermentasi. Salah satu produk fermentasi berbasis susu adalah yoghurt. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh  lama fermentasi dan jenis susu yang digunakan dalam pembuatan yoghurt terhadap sensori yoghurt selama masa penyimpanan. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 3 faktor, faktor pertama yaitu lama fermentasi (F) yang terdiri dari 2 taraf, yaitu: F1 = 10 jam, F2 = 16 jam. Faktor kedua yaitu jenis susu yang digunakan yang terdiri dari 2 taraf, yaitu: S1 = susu sapi dan S2 = susu kambing. Faktor ketiga yaitu lama penyimpanan yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu: P1 = 0 minggu, P2 = 2 minggu, P3 = 4 minggu. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah uji organoleptik secara hedonik meliputi atribut warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur. Hasil uji organoleptik (hedonik) menunjukkan bahwa secara umum panelis lebih menyukai yoghurt perlakuan jenis susu sapi dengan fermentasi 10 jam dan lama penyimpanan 3 hari (minggu ke-0). Abstract: Milk is determined as one of the high nutritious kind of foods that are good for important consumption, health and intelligence growth. Because milk has a very good nutritional value for most people who can spend problems because of lactose intolerance which is the body's inability to digest lactose in milk.This problem can be overcome by converting lactose to glucose and galactose by fermentation. One of the milk-based fermented products is yogurt. This study aims to investiage the effect of fermentation time and the type of milk used in making yogurt on the sensory yogurt during the storage period. This study was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 3 factors, the first factor was the duration of fermentation (F): F1 = 10 hours, F2 = 16 hours. the second factor was the type of milk used which consists of twolevels, namely: S1 = cow's milk and S2 = goat's milk. The third factor is the storage time which we: P1 = 0 weeks, P2 = 2 weeks, P3 = 4 weeks. the analysis carried out were a hedonic test covering attributes of color, aroma, taste and texture. The organoleptic (hedonic) test result showed that in general all panelists preferred yogurt which was made by cow milk with 10 hours fermentation and 3 days of storage time (week 0).Abstract: Milk is determined as one of the high nutritious kind of foods that are good for important consumption, health and intelligence growth. Because milk has a very good nutritional value for most people who can spend problems because of lactose intolerance which is the body's inability to digest lactose in milk.This problem can be overcome by converting lactose to glucose and galactose by fermentation. One of the milk-based fermented products is yogurt. This study aims to investiage the effect of fermentation time and the type of milk used in making yogurt on the sensory yogurt during the storage period. This study was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 3 factors, the first factor was the duration of fermentation (F): F1 = 10 hours, F2 = 16 hours. The second factor was the type of milk used which consists of two levels, namely: S1 = cow's milk and S2 = goat's milk. The third factor is the storage time which we: P1 = 0 weeks, P2 = 2 weeks, P3 = 4 weeks. The analysis carried out were a hedonic test covering attributes of color, aroma, taste and texture. The organoleptic (hedonic) test results showed that in general all panelists preferred yogurt which was made by cow milk with 10 hours fermentation and 3 days of storage time (week 0).


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azri , ◽  
Muhammad Hatta ◽  
Wahyu Ari Nugroho

<p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Shallot cultivation in peat land was constrained by the high production costs, especially fertilizer and lime costs (Abdullah, 2011). Therefore, improvement of shallot productivity in peat land was to use local resources so that the production costs would be reduced. Potential material to be used for that purpose was sea mud which abundantly available in West Kalimantan. The productivity of several shallot varieties in peat land had not reached their production potential. The research used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the treatment of sea mud consisted of without the treatment of sea mud (L<sub>0</sub>) and with the treatment of sea mud (L<sub>1</sub>) and several shallot varieties such as Bima Variety (V1), Manjung Variety (V2) and Sumenep Variety (V3). The research result showed that the treatment of sea mud and varieties of shallot differed significantly in improving the growth and production of shallot. Bima, Manjung and Sumenep each produced </em><em>14.73 ton/ha, 12.84 ton/ha and 9.22 ton/ha respectively. Based on profit value and B/C ratio value, the utilization of sea mud in peat land was economically feasible to be applied by farmers in West Kalimantan.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
J M Siregar ◽  
J Ginting ◽  
Y Hasanah

Abstract Shallot production in Indonesia is still relatively low. This is due to the use of shallot bulbs that are not sterile and susceptible to disease. One way to increase the production of shallots is by using botanical seeds (True Shallot Seed). The research aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of two varieties of TSS with the application of NPK and Magnesium fertilizers. The treatment was arranged in a randomized block design with three factors. The first factor was varieties, which consisted of Sanren F1 and Lokananta varieties. The second factor was the application of magnesium, which consisted of without magnesium, 125, and 250 kg Mg ha−1. The third factor was the application of NPK, which consisted without NPK, 83.3, 166.6, and 250 kg NPK ha−1. The results showed that the effect of varieties, NPK fertilizer, and Mg were significant differences in the parameters of the number of leaves 7.0, and the number of bulbs plants 2.7 where sanren showed better results. While the effect of varieties, NPK, and Mg fertilizers was significant differences in the parameters of plant height 41.5 cm, the Lokananta varieties showed better yields.


Author(s):  
Cláudio A. da S. Glier ◽  
José B. Duarte Júnior ◽  
Gabriel M. Fachin ◽  
Antonio C. T. da Costa ◽  
Vandeir F. Guimarães ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic variables due to the effects of different levels of defoliation in the phenological phases of two soybean cultivars. The experiment was conducted during the 2011/2012 season, in a randomized block design with three replicates, in a 2 x 4 x 5 factorial scheme. Two cultivars were exposed to defoliations of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% at the stages of V4, V9, R3 and R5. The cultivar 'NK 7059RR' showed less sensitivity to defoliation than the cultivar 'IN 4990RG'. 25% defoliation levels reduced the yield of the cultivar 'IN 4990RG', while levels of 75 and 100% reduce the number of grains per pod in both cultivars. The defoliation performed in the V4 stage lead to lower grain yield than defoliation in V9. The most sensitive stages to defoliation are R3 and R5, where there is a greater reduction in the production potential of soybeans.


Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 890-899
Author(s):  
ENRIQUE ALONSO ZUÑIGA ◽  
LUZ MARIA RUIZ MACHUCA ◽  
OSVALDIR FELICIANO DOS SANTOS ◽  
MARA LÚCIA CRUZ DE SOUZA ◽  
DARIANE PRISCILA FRANCO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
...  

COMPORTAMENTO FISIOLÓGICO DE MUDAS DE CAFEEIRO ARÁBICA (cv. OBATÃ E CATUCAÍ) SUBMETIDAS À DEFICIÊNCIA HÍDRICA     ENRIQUE ALONSO ZUÑIGA1*; LUZ MARIA RUIZ MACHUCA1; OSVALDIR FELICIANO DOS SANTOS1; MARA LÚCIA CRUZ DE SOUZA1; DARIANE PRISCILA FRANCO DE OLIVEIRA1 E FERNANDO BROETTO 2   1Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus de Botucatu. Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Avenida Universitária, n° 3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP: 18610-034, Botucatu – SP. Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. *O presente artigo é retirado da tese de Doutorado do autor principal. 2Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências , Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus de Botucatu. Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, nº 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, CEP: 18618-689, Botucatu – SP. Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Neste trabalho foram avaliadas características biométricas e teor de pigmentos em plantas de cafeeiro arábica cv. Obatã e Catuaí cultivadas sob deficiência hídrica (DH). O experimento foi conduzido em estufa agrícola no período dezembro-maio de 2016-2017 no distrito de Rubião Júnior (Departamento de Química e Bioquímica do IB/UNESP), Botucatu-SP. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x2 em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições por tratamento. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: T1 - 100% da capacidade de campo (CC) - C = Controle, plantas bem irrigadas, T2 - 50% da CC - DHM = Deficiência hídrica moderada e T3 - 25% da CC - DHS = Deficiência hídrica severa. Aos 90, 120, 135 e 165 dias após transplantio (DAT) foram avaliados a altura de plantas, área foliar e teor de clorofilas (a e b). Verificou-se que apenas a altura das plantas e a área foliar diminuíram significativamente em função da severidade do estresse. Entre as cultivares, somente as plantas da cv. Obatã conseguiram se adaptar melhor aos efeitos da DH.   Palavras-chave: Coffea arabica, deficiência hídrica, biometria, pigmentos foliares.     ALONSO-ZUÑIGA, E; RUIZ-MACHUCA, L. M; SANTOS, O. F; SOUZA, M. L. C; OLIVEIRA, D. P. F; BROETTO, F. PHYSIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF ARABIC COFFEE SEEDLINGS (cv. OBATÁ AND CATUCAÍ) SUBMITTED TO WATER DEFICIT     2 ABSTRACT   In this work, biometric characteristics and pigment content were assessed in Arabica cv. Obatã and Catuaí cultivated under water deficit (WD). The experiment was conducted in an agricultural greenhouse from December to May, 2016-2017 in the district of Rubião Júnior (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of IB / UNESP), Botucatu-SP. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in a 3x2 factorial scheme in subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The treatments applied were: T1 - 100% of field capacity (FC) - C = Control, well irrigated plants, T2 - 50% of FC - MWD = moderate water deficit and T3 - 25% FC - SWD = severe water deficit. Plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll content (a and b) were assessed at 90, 120, 135 and 165 days after transplanting (DAT). It was verified that only plant height and leaf area decreased significantly as function of stress severity. Among the cultivars, only cv. Obatã presented better adaptation to the effects of WD. Keywords: Coffea arabica, water deficit, biometry, foliar pigments


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