scholarly journals Production of ethanol from mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (SW) D.C.] pods mash by Zymomonas mobilis in submerged fermentation

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celiane Gomes Maia da Silva ◽  
Samara Alvachian Cardoso Andrade ◽  
Alexandre Ricardo Pereira Schuler ◽  
Evandro Leite de Souza ◽  
Tânia Lúcia Montenegro Stamford
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Ethanol Yields ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (SW) D.C.], a perennial tropical plant commonly found in Brazilian semi-arid region, is a viable raw material for fermentative processes because of its low cost and production of pods with high content of hydrolysable sugars which generate many compounds, including ethanol. This study aimed to evaluate the use of mesquite pods as substrate for ethanol production by Z. mobilis UFPEDA205 in a submerged fermentation. The fermentation was assessed for rate of substrate yield to ethanol, rate of ethanol production and efficiency of fermentation. The very close theoretical (170 g L-1) and experimental (165 g L-1) maximum ethanol yields were achieved at 36 h of fermentation. The highest counts of Z. mobilis UFEPEDA-205 (both close to 6 Log cfu mL-1) were also noted at 36 h. Highest rates of substrate yield to ethanol (0.44 g ethanol g glucose-1), of ethanol production (4.69 g L-1 h-1) and of efficiency of fermentation (86.81%) were found after 30 h. These findings suggest mesquite pods as an interesting substrate for ethanol production using submerged fermentation by Z. mobilis.

Regional low-cost diet supplement improves the nutritional status of school children in a semi-arid region of Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egle M.A. Siqueira ◽  
Ivone T. Azevedo ◽  
Sandra F. Arruda ◽  
Silvia M.D. Lima ◽  
Carlos A. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diet Supplement ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Use of biodigesters, cisterns and desalinators: social technologies as sustainable alternatives of coexistence with the Semiarid

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Alvarado Alcócer ◽  
Olienaide Ribeiro de Oliveira Pinto ◽  
Maria Dasdores Gonçalo Costa ◽  
Maria Elanny Damasceno Silva ◽  
Jangirglédia De Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Social Technologies ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The work studies biodigestors, cisterns and desalinizers as sustainable alternatives to coexist with the semi-arid region, seeking to understand how it is possible to benefit rural populations from the production and use of social technologies. The methodology consists of bibliographical surveys from case studies and field studies on the use of these technologies in the semi-arid region. Experiences of use were selected in the municipalities of Barreira, Ocara, Redenção and Ibaretama in the state of Ceará. In the biodigestor is contextualized the most used models at Brazil and the semiarid, with emphasis on the models adopted in the municipalities of Barreira, Ocara and Redenção. In addition, to address the importance of the use of biogas and biofertilizer. In the cisterns, the types that were used in the semi-arid region were verified and the experience of the tanks program in the municipality of Ibaretama was mentioned. In the case of desalinators, the relevance of desalination systems for populations living in water scarcity was discussed, identifying the current equipment panorama installed in Barreira. As results, it was observed that it appears as a solution to meet the basic needs of populations with water supply. Biogas can be used to replace cooking gas and biofertilizer as fertilizer for plants. To do so, it requires greater attention from the public power and active involvement of the population. It is concluded that these technologies are feasible, adaptable to rural property, simple and low cost, since they tend to solve social and structural problems, besides generating income and quality of life for the populations.

scholarly journals USE OF BIO-WATER AS SOCIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR SEMI-ARID REGIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (72) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
José Adailton Lima Silva ◽  
Thaís Mara Souza Pereira ◽  
Pedro Vieira Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Simple Technology ◽  
Semi Arid

Water scarcity in the Brazilian semi-arid region has inhibited agricultural activity due to large declines in production, especially food. Currently, Bioágua is used as a technology to manage gray water and irrigate agricultural crops. Therefore, the present study analyzed the use of Bioágua to manage domestic effluents in the promotion of irrigation of cultivars, and evaluated the social, economic and environmental benefits derived from this technology. For that, exploratory and qualitative research was carried out with the rural families in the municipality of Pedra Lavrada-PB, semi-arid region of Paraíba. With the studies, it was possible to identify that the bio-water: 1) is a simple technology, of easy construction and of low cost; 2) provide water security to promote irrigation of various crops; 3) made possible the management of water resources available locally; and 4) does not cause environmental impacts and, mainly, inhibits the pollution of the soil and of adjacent water courses. Finally, it was observed that the bio-water is a socially disseminable, economically viable and environmentally correct technology. 

The Molecular Characterization and Biological Assessment of the Leaves Extracts of Loofah Reveal their Nutraceutical Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takoua Ben Hlel ◽  
Feten Belhadj ◽  
Fatih Gül ◽  
Muhammed Altun ◽  
Ayşe Şahin Yağlıoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Hela Cell ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Hela Cell Lines ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Background:: Luffa cylindrica is a plant that is widely distributed in Africa and Asia and it can be grown in regions with tropical or subtropical climates. Few patents dealt with Loofah biological properties, including some functional foods formulated from its leaves. Objective:: This study aimed to structurally and functionally characterize the bioactive compounds of L. cylindrica leaves grown in two different environments. Methods:: The extracts of L. cylindrica leaves collected from two Tunisian locations: Essouasi (LE), a semi-arid region and Medenine (LM) an arid region, were investigated for their phenolic compounds and fatty acids using HPLC/TOF-MS and GCMS techniques respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated with DPPH, Chelating effect, Hydroxyl radical and Superoxide anion scavenging activities while the anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines was assessed using xCELLigence real time cell analyzer and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay. Results:: The antiproliferative capacity of both extracts was time and dose-dependent with LE presenting the lowest HeLa cell index (CI = 0.035 ± 0.018, 250 μg/ml). LE also showed the best cytotoxic capacity (56.49 ± 0.8%) and antioxidant potential (IC50 = 54.41 ± 1.12 μg/ml for DPPH and 12.12 ± 0.07 μg/ml for chelating effet). 14 phenolic compounds were detected in LE with ferulic acid being the major compound (5128.5 ± 4.09 μg Phenols/g) while LM had only 6 phenolics. GCMS analysis showed the presence of omega-3 fatty acids in LE. Conclusions:: Our findings suggest that L. cylindrica leaves, especially when collected from semi-arid regions, are promising for formulating nutraceuticals of interest.

Space-time monitoring of soil organic carbon content across a semi-arid region of Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e00367
Author(s):  
Patrick Filippi ◽  
Stephen R. Cattle ◽  
Matthew J. Pringle ◽  
Thomas F.A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Jamshad Hussain ◽  
Tasneem Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽  
Asmat Ullah ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.

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