scholarly journals Within- and between-person variations as determinant factors to calculate the number of observations to estimate usual dietary intake of adolescents

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana de M. F. Costa ◽  
Lia Takeyama ◽  
Sílvia M. Voci ◽  
Betzabeth Slater ◽  
Marina V. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Variance Ratios ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Usual Diet

This cross-sectional study describes the variation in the dietary intake of energy and macronutrients based on estimated coefficients of within- and between-person variation and intends to calculate the number of days required to evaluate the dietary intake of adolescents in Piracicaba, Brazil. The sample was made up by ninety-two adolescents aged between eleven and sixteen years. Interviews were performed to assess demographic, anthropometric and dietary variables, which were evaluated by the answers obtained through two 24-hour recalls. Descriptive analyses were performed and variances and Coefficients of variation within- and between-person were obtained by results of one-way ANOVA. The mean energy intake observed was 2,326.2 kilocalories; mean macronutrient intake came to 89.0 grams of fatty acids, 305.3 grams of carbohydrates and 82.2 grams of proteins. Coefficients of within-person variation ranged from 36% to 45%, while between-person coefficients varied from 26% to 31%. Variance ratios ranged from 1.35 (carbohydrate) to 2.62 (protein). The lowest number of observations required to correctly evaluate the usual diet calculated (r = 0.90) was six days, for carbohydrates while the highest was eleven, for proteins. Coefficients of variation were similar to those observed in international studies. We conclude that, in this study, two observations were sufficient to obtain reasonable correlations. However, six evaluations are necessary for these adolescents in order to obtain excellent correlations.

scholarly journals Level of fatigue and daytime sleepiness among heavy vehicle drivers in Sri Lanka

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Damitha Asanga Gunawardane ◽  
Samath D Dharmaratne ◽  
Samath D Dharmaratne
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Heavy vehicle crash rates are high in Sri Lanka. International studies showed that fatigue and day time sleepiness are linked to heavy vehicle crashes. The aim of this study is to examine the level of fatigue, day time sleepiness and their associated factors among heavy vehicle drivers in Sri Lanka. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 403 heavy vehicle drivers through an interviewer administered structured questionnaire consisting of the ‘Fatigue Severity Scale’ (FFS) and the ‘Epworth Sleepiness Scale’ (ESS). The mean age of the study sample was 36.5±8.6 years and all were males. They drive an average of 129.03±87.24 km/day. It was found that the mean FFS score in the study participants was 2.43±0.99 and the mean ESS score was 6.57±4.07. Prevalence of fatigue (FSS score ?4) was 8.7% (n=35) and the prevalence of excessive day time sleepiness (EDS) (ESS score ?10) was 14.4% (n=58). Working for non-fixed schedule, married marital status, and working more than 11 hours/day are found to be significant risk factors for being fatigue. Drivers who were having night sleep of less than 6 hours were found to have a higher risk of EDS. A high prevalence of fatigue (8.7%) and EDS (14.4%) among heavy vehicle drivers was found which may link to heavy vehicle crashes. The occupational health service providers should be aware of the possibility of fatigue and daytime sleepiness in heavy vehicle drivers and its overall risk on the roads to take neces-sary actions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v4i1.21832 South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(1) 2014: 9-16

scholarly journals Dietary Intake of Amateur Bodybuilding Athletes Around Polokwane Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Sylven Masoga ◽  
Sefora H. M. Makuse ◽  
Makoma M. Bopape
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Part Time ◽  
24 Hour Recall

OBJECTIVE: To determine the dietary intake of amateur bodybuilding athletes around Polokwane municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa. DESIGN: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which purposive sampling was used to recruit 51 participants out of 65 registered part-time competitive bodybuilders at three training gyms around Polokwane. Dietary information was collected using a modified 24-hour-recall questionnaire on three different days, which was validated by the modified Food Frequency Questionnaire. SETTINGS: The study took place at three gyms that enrolled these part-time athletes, all of whom were registered with the International Federation of Bodybuilding in South Africa (IFBBSA). Data were collected during the off-season period. RESULTS: Macronutrients: All the athletes consumed energy and carbohydrates below the daily recommendations of the International Society for Sports Nutrition (ISSN) with mean values of 129 ± 36.7 KJ/kg and 3.9 ± 0.9 g/kg respectively. Furthermore, 78% and 94% of the athletes consumed protein (1.3 ± 0.5 g/kg) and fat (0.8 ± 0.4 g/kg) below the daily recommendations, respectively. Vitamins: Most of the athletes took vitamins C (53%); B1 (82%) and B6 (82%) within the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) while the intake of vitamins A (69%) and E (72%) were below the recommendations. While 88% of the athletes consumed above the EAR for vitamin B12, only 41% and 17% took vitamins B2 and B6 above the Upper Tolerable Limit (UL). Minerals: Most of the athletes consumed phosphorus (94%), iron (88%), zinc (78%), magnesium (71%) and selenium (61%) within the EAR. The proportions of bodybuilders who consumed minerals below the EAR were 86% for calcium, 4% for phosphorus, 10% for iron, 19% for zinc, 23% for magnesium and 37% for selenium. CONCLUSION: The macronutrient intake of bodybuilders around Polokwane is mostly below recommendations, but consumption of micronutrients is mostly within the recommendations. Therefore, the dietary intake of these bodybuilders especially for macronutrient intake is sub-optimal to support their competitive activity.

scholarly journals Adequacy of energy and macronutrient intake of food supplements for athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Behrends RODRIGUES ◽  
Christianne de Faria Coelho RAVAGNANI ◽  
Hellen Clair Garcêz NABUCO ◽  
Fabrício César de Paula RAVAGNANI ◽  
Vânia Letícia Souza FERNANDES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objective To assess how much food supplements contribute to the nutritional adequacy of energy and macronutrients in relation those recommended for athletes. Methods This was a cross sectional study was composed of 182 athletes from 19 sports (150 men and 32 women) with a mean age, weight, height and body mass index of 23.8±7.5 years, 73.7±15.6kg, 1.7±0.1m, 24.2±4.0kg/m², respectively. The 24 hours dietary recall was applied to assess intake and the Multiple Source Method to evaluate usual intake. We used the t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Analysis of Variance and Kruskal-Wallis for comparative analysis among the diets, gender and types of groups, and the comparison of two-proportion test to assess the diets Food and Food and Supplementation. Results Of the athletes studied, less than half used dietary supplements (39.0%). Energy intake was below the recommended (52.7%) in Food diet, and 45.6% in Food and Supplementation diet. The mean total of carbohydrate inadequacy (g.kg-1.day-1) was high for athletes of both genders and between Food and Food and Supplementation diets. The protein intake was above the recommended levels in Food diet (23.1%) and in Food and Supplementation diet (33.5%). The lipid intake was also above the recommended dietary levels in Food (47.3%) and in Food and Supplementation diets (50.0%). Conclusion The use of supplements did not significantly reduce inadequacies of diet and the athletes’ intake of calories and carbohydrates was below the recommended for these groups. However, the protein intake was above the recommended levels for athletes.

scholarly journals The Dietary Intake of Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis Is Less Than the Prescribed Half: It Is Not Enough to Prescribe, It Is Necessary to Monitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
Camila Saueressig ◽  
Pâmela Kremer Ferreira ◽  
Joana Hoch Glasenapp ◽  
Valesca Dall'Alba
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the prescribed nutrition with dietary intake in hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Methods This is a cross-sectional study performed with hospitalized decompensated cirrhotic patients. The individual nutritional requirements were determined through the registered dietitian and the patient's nutrition prescription was checked from the electronic medical records. A one-day food record was applied to all participants, who received prior guidance on how to properly report their meals. Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median [interquartile range]. The student's t-test was used to compare variables with a parametric distribution and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for those with a non-parametric distribution. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results This study included 94 patients with a mean age of 60.3 ± 9.3 years and 64.8% were men. The main etiology of cirrhosis was hepatitis C (27.6%). Ascites was the most common complication, with a prevalence of 73.4%. The mean energy prescribed and the actual mean dietary intake were 2191.25 ± 295.77 kcal/d (31.25 ± 7.7 kcal/kg/d) and 1289.40 ± 509.71 kcal/d (18.61 ± 7.93 kcal/kg/d), respectively. The actual mean dietary intake was 902.68 ± 475.08 kcal/d less than the energy prescribed, p < 0.001. The median protein prescribed and the actual median protein intake were 94 g/d [88.9–110] (1.4 g/kg/d [1.2–1.7]) and 51.44 g/d [34.79–64.84] (0.7 g/ptn/d [0.5–0.9]), respectively. The actual median protein intake was 48.69 g/d [34.07–64.70] less than the protein prescribed, P < 0.001. The mean carbohydrate prescribed and the actual mean carbohydrate intake were 304.77 ± 80.74 g/d and 179.65 ± 73.62 g/d, respectively. The actual mean carbohydrate intake was 124.57 ± 96.82 less than the carbohydrate prescribed, P < 0.001. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that patients with decompensated cirrhosis have inadequate food intake. Encourage eating and monitoring of the daily food intake should be part of the management of these patients and occur throughout hospitalization. Funding Sources This study was supported by a CAPES and FIPE/HCPA scholarship. The sources of funding were not involved in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data.

scholarly journals Ecological Factors Affecting Student Concentration in Classroom: Students' Viewpoint at Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Marzban ◽  
V Rahmanian ◽  
M Ayasi ◽  
S Delavari ◽  
M Barzegaran
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Way Anova

Introduction: Environmental factors such as temepertature, humidity and light can affect learning environment and consecuently learning quality. This study aimed to investigate the ecological factors affecting concentration in the classroom from the viewpoints of students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 students using stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was a two-part standard two-part questionnaire of demographic characteristics and ecological factors influencing the concentration including 29 questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS24 software using central scatter indicators (frequency, frequency, mean and standard deviation), independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Result: The mean and standard deviation of student's score on the ecological factors affecting concentration in the classroom in three areas related to the teacher, the student and the environment were 3.69 ± 1.48, 4.20 ± 1.56 and 3.10 ± 1.54. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of students' opinions about environmental factors in both sexes (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The results showed that, by planning and holding joint meetings between the professors, students and educational officials of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, effective steps canbe taken to improve the environmental conditions affecting concentration in the classrooms.

Brief Overview and Experience of Visual Evoked Potential of First 67 cases at Referral Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Mohammad Enayet Hussain ◽  
Bithi Debnath ◽  
AFM Al Masum Khan ◽  
Md Ferdous Mian ◽  
Md Nahidul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pattern Reversal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Visual Evoked

Background: The visual evoked potentials (VEP) is a valuable tool to document occult lesions of the central visual channels especially within the optic nerve. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to observe the findings of first few cases of VEP done in the neurophysiology department of the National Institute of Neurosciences (NINS), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurophysiology at the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2017 to March 2020. All patients referred to the Neurophysiology Department of NINS for VEP were included. Pattern reversal VEPs were done using standard protocol set by International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN). Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.70 (±12.11) years (6-68 years) with 31 (46.3%) male and 36 (53.7%) female patients. The mean duration of illness was 8.71 (±1.78) months (3 days- 120 months). Most common presenting symptom was blurring of vision (37.3%) and dimness of vision (32.8%). Patterned VEP revealed mixed type (both demyelinating and axonal) of abnormality in most cases [29(43.35)]. The most common clinical diagnosis was multiple sclerosis (29.85%) and optic neuropathy (26.87%). In the clinically suspected cases of multiple sclerosis, optic neuropathy and optic neuritis most of the cases of VEP were abnormal and the p value is 0.04 in optic neuropathy and optic neuritis. Conclusion: The commonest presentation of the patients in this series were blurring of vision and dimness of vision. The most common clinical diagnosis for which VEP was asked for, was optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Most abnormalities were of mixed pattern (demyelinating and axonal). Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 74-77

Sonographic Assessment of Amniotic Fluid Volume using Single Deepest Pocket (SDP) among Igbo Women with Uncomplicated Singleton Pregnancies.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Chijioke Okeudo ◽  
B.U. Ezem
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Background: The amniotic fluid is fundamental for proper fetal development and growth. Ultrasound visualization of the amniotic fluid permits both subjective and objective estimates of the amniotic fluid. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the reference values of normal single deepest pocket (SDP) – upper and lower limits, mean SDP and variation of the SDP with gestational age among Igbo women of South-Eastern Nigeria extraction carrying uncomplicated singleton pregnancy. Methodology: This was a prospective cross sectional study involving 400 women carrying uncomplicated singleton pregnancies and who were sure of the date of the first day of their last menstrual period. The single deepest pocket / maximum vertical pool were determined once at presentation at the hospital.. The study was conducted from January 1st to December 31st 2015. The second author carried out all the scanning. The SDP was obtained. Results: The womens’ mean and median ages were the same at 28 years. The gestational age range of the pregnancies was 14-41 weeks. The mean SDP was 5.8cm, while the 5th and 95th percentiles were 3.3cm and 8.5cm respectively. There was no difference in the mean SDP in both term and preterm. There was irregular but continuous rise of mean SDP to a peak of 6.8cm at gestational age of 39 weeks. In conclusion, the participants had a mean SDP of 5.8cm. There was also a positive correlation between SDP and Gestational age. We therefore recommend a longitudinal study to assess perinatal outcome and abnormal amniotic fluid volume among Igbo women of South-Eastern Nigeria. Key words: Single Deepest Pocket, Uncomplicated Singleton Pregnancy, Igbo Women.

Advantages and limitations of the endoscopic tympanoscopy a prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 012-017
Author(s):  
Najib Zouhair ◽  
Anass Chaouki ◽  
Amine M’khatri ◽  
Youssef Oukessou ◽  
Sami Rouadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Intraoperative Bleeding ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Early Return ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Endoscopic Tympanoplasty

Tympanoplasty is one of the most performed procedures in ENT. The aggressiveness of its microscopic approach has led otologists to adopt the endoscopic approach as a less invasive alternative. The purpose of this work is to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique. We conducted a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study on 20 interventions within the ENT department of August the 20th 1953 Hospital of Casablanca from April 2019 to June 2019. The average age of operated patients was 36.3 years. Perforations were unilateral in (71%) of the cases with a predominance of the anterior (29%) and subtotal (36%) locations. The tympanoplasties were performed by 3 different senior otologic surgeons, and were left in (57%). The mean operating time was (59.5 min) and the mean anesthesia duration was 75.1 min. Intraoperative vision allowed us to fully visualize the margins of all perforations (100%) and anatomical structures of the middle ear in almost all interventions. The first procedures carried out were filled with difficulties whose management of intraoperative bleeding was the main one in (42.8%) of the cases. (57%) procedures were described as easy. No complication was detected intraoperatively or immediately postoperatively. Endoscopic tympanoplasty has several advantages, including: Minimally invasive approach to the middle ear; panoramic perioperative vision; Gain of operating time; decrease in the duration of anesthesia; Valuable educational tool; postoperative comfort; Decrease in hospital stay and early return to daily activities; Better aesthetic rendering; cost and transportability. However, we also note a number of disadvantages of endoscopic tympanoplasty, particularly: performing the procedure with one hand; difficulty passing through the EAC; 2D vision that alters the perception of depth; management of intraoperative bleeding; fogging; learning curve.

Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽  
S Hamal ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Profile and Its Association with Clinical Variables and Dietary Intake in Overweight/Obese and Lean Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2032
Author(s):  
Judit Companys ◽  
Maria José Gosalbes ◽  
Laura Pla-Pagà ◽  
Lorena Calderón-Pérez ◽  
Elisabet Llauradó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Obese Subjects

We aimed to differentiate gut microbiota composition of overweight/obese and lean subjects and to determine its association with clinical variables and dietary intake. A cross-sectional study was performed with 96 overweight/obese subjects and 32 lean subjects. Anthropometric parameters were positively associated with Collinsella aerofaciens, Dorea formicigenerans and Dorea longicatena, which had higher abundance the overweight/obese subjects. Moreover, different genera of Lachnospiraceae were negatively associated with body fat, LDL and total cholesterol. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were negatively associated with the genus Intestinimonas, a biomarker of the overweight/obese group, whereas SFAs were positively associated with Roseburia, a biomarker for the lean group. In conclusion, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena and Collinsella aerofaciens could be considered obesity biomarkers, Lachnospiraceae is associated with lipid cardiovascular risk factors. SFAs exhibited opposite association profiles with butyrate-producing bacteria depending on the BMI. Thus, the relationship between diet and microbiota opens new tools for the management of obesity.

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