scholarly journals Replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal in diets based on spineless cactus for lactating cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1995-2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Maria da Silva ◽  
Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Adriana Guim ◽  
Ricardo Alexandre Silva Pessoa ◽  
Luiz Henrique dos Santos Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Sorghum Silage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal in the diet of dairy cows fed diets based on spineless cactus. Five Girolando lactating cows were used, with average live weight of 490 kg and average production of 11.5 kg of milk/day, distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design (5 animals, 5 treatments and 5 experimental periods). Each experimental period lasted 15 days, 10 days being for the adaptation of the animals to the diet and 5 days for data collection. The experimental diet consisted of spineless cactus (53%), sorghum silage (32%) and concentrate (15%). The cottonseed meal replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of soybean meal in the concentrate. The intake, milk yield and composition were evaluated. The nutrients intake and digestibility were not affected by the treatments, with an average of 15.55 and 56.05; 13.8 and 59.31, 0.37 and 49.40, 5.32 and 30.95, 1.79 and 48.14; 9.94 and 54.31, 4.43 kg/day and 80.99%, for the dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, total carbohydrates and non-fibrous carbohydrates, respectively. The total digestible nutrients were not affected (average of 8.30 kg/day). Similarly, the milk yield and composition, fat corrected milk yield (4%), lactose, total solids, fat and protein were not affected by replacement (11.56, 11.41 kg milk/day and 4.45, 12.75, 3.95 and 3.42%, respectively). Recommended the replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal for low production dairy cows.

scholarly journals Dairy cows feeding with sorghum silage supplemented with concentrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
Joabe Jobson de Oliveira Pimentel ◽  
Rogério de Paula Lana ◽  
André Soares de Oliveira ◽  
Rafael Monteiro Araújo Teixeira ◽  
Daniel Carneiro de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Mineral Levels

Concentrated feed can be used to increase the milk yield in dairy farms. However, the feeding cost increases when concentrates are used and, sometimes, farmers lose competitiveness, if the cows do not produce what is expected with supplementation. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the nutrients intake, milk yield and composition and live weight change of dairy cows fed with sorghum silage alone or supplemented with concentrates. Nine crossbred cows (Holstein-Gyr) were allocated in three balanced Latin squares and fed with sorghum silage supplemented with minerals (0.2 kg) or with 2.6 kg (38.5% of crude protein) or 5.0 kg (20% of crude protein) of concentrate per day, aiming at supplying the same amount of crude protein (1.0 kg day-1). The dry matter intake and milk yield were higher for the cows fed with concentrate, independently of its protein level. The productive response (in kg of milk per kg of concentrate) was 1.67 and 0.83, respectively for the low and high supplemental levels. The cows that received only minerals lost weight, while those fed with concentrate gained weight. The cows which produced 13.0 kg of milk day-1 showed a higher increase in milk yield when fed with supplements containing high protein and mineral contents. The response for milk production per kg of concentrate was higher when lower amounts of concentrate with high protein and mineral levels were used, allowing a reduction in the production costs.

scholarly journals Supplementation of crossbred cows with maize and urea in tropical pasture

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1187-1193
Author(s):  
M.G. Guerra ◽  
A.S.C. Véras ◽  
M.A. Ferreira ◽  
L.P. Novaes ◽  
A.L.C. Gurgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Experimental Treatments

ABSTRACT This research article aims to evaluate the effect of total replacement of corn by soybean meal and urea on intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter and its components, production and composition of milk and feeding behavior of lactating cows grazing, with intermittent stocking Mombaça grass (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça). Twelve milking cows were distributed in a triple 4 x 4 latin square. Experimental treatments consisted of four soybean meal replacement levels by corn more urea (0; 33; 66; 100%). The grass has an average content of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of 19% and 59%, respectively. The replacement of soybean meal by corn and urea did not affect the intake and digestibility of nutrients. A linear reduction of milk production was observed, but there was no change in milk production corrected to 4.0% of fat. The milk components (g/kg) of fat, protein, lactose, and total solids were not altered, as well as feeding behavior. Under the conditions of this study, the replacement of the diets is suitable for crossbred dairy cows in lactation third medium, producing in average of 12.5 kg/day-1 when kept in quality pastures.

scholarly journals Efecto de la suplementación con ensilaje de millo adicionado con urea-melaza-azufre, semilla de algodón y harina de pescado sobre la producción de leche en vacas doble propósito durante la época seca en el Valle del Sinú

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Pedro Medina ◽  
Sergio Mejía ◽  
Rodrigo Martínez ◽  
Luis Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
Sorghum Silage

<p>Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta productiva y económica de la suplementación de vacas doble propósito en pastoreo de Angleton (<em>Dichanthium aristatum</em>) con ensilaje de millo (<em>Sorghum vulgare</em>) más urea-melaza-azufre, semilla de algodón y harina de pescado en la estación seca en el Valle del Sinú (Colombia). A tal fin se utilizaron 12 vacas Holstein × Cebú en el primer tercio de lactancia, distribuidas aleatoriamente mediante un diseño experimental de sobre-cambio compuesto en cuadrado latino, constituido por tres tratamientos, tres grupos de animales y tres periodos experimentales, así: T1) ensilaje de millo a voluntad más 0,100 kg urea, 0,250 kg melaza y 0,004 kg flor de azufre; T2) ensilaje de millo más 1,5 kg semilla de algodón; y T3) ensilaje de millo más 0,500 kg harina de pescado. Las medias ajustadas para producción de leche fueron de 5,6 ± 0,7, 6,6 ± 1,4 y 5,6 ± 0,6 kg/vaca por día para T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente. Se presentaron diferencias estadísticas entre T2 vs. T1 y T3 pero no hubo diferencias entre estos últimos tratamientos. El consumo de ensilaje de millo fue de 4,1 ± 0,31, 4,3 ± 0,40 y 3,8 ± 0,29 kg MS/vaca por día para T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente; hubo diferencias entre T2 y T3, pero no entre T1 vs. T2 y T3. Las ganancias de peso corporal durante el período experimental fueron de 4,1, 10,0 y 8,4 kg para T1, T2 y T3 respectivamente; hubo diferencias estadísticas entre T2 y T1 pero no entre T3 vs. T2 y T1. Los tres tratamientos son viables económicamente puesto que mostraron ingresos netos positivos, pero el tratamiento T1 presentó la mejor respuesta económica. </p><p> </p><p><strong>The effect of grain sorghum silage mixed with urea-molasses-sulfur, cotton seed cake and fish meal supplemented during the dry season to dual purpose cattle for milk yield in the Sinu Valley (Colombia)</strong></p><p><strong> </strong>In the Sinu Valley region (Cordoba, Colombia), 12 dual purpose Holstein × Cebú cows in the first third of lactation were used to evaluate the response of supplementation sorghum (<em>Sorghum vulgare) </em>silage mixed with urea-molasses-sulfur, whole cottonseed and fish meal on milk yield over 60 days period. Treatments were: T1 = silage-0.100 kg of urea-0.250 kg of molasses and 0.004 kg of sulfur. T2 = silage-1.5 kg of whole cottonseed and T3 = silage 0.500 kg of fishmeal. Mean adjusted milk production was: 5,6±0,7, 6,6±1,4 y 5,6±0,6 kg/cow/day for T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Treatment had a significant effect on milk yield per cow. Mean yield of those cows in T2 was significantly higher than that of treatment 1 and 3, but not among T1 and T3. The sorghum silage feed intake was 4,1±0,31, 4.3±0,40 y 3.8±0,29 Kg dry matter/animal/day for treatment 1, 2 and 3 respectively. There were significant differences between T2 and T3, but there were no differences between T1 compared with T2 and T3. Live weight gain throughout the experimental period was in the order of 4.0, 10.0 and 8.4 kg for T1, T2 and T3 respectively, with significant differences only between T1 and T2. All treatments are economically viable, due to the positive income produced. However, treatment 1 showed the higher economic response. </p>

Comparison of equations for predicting voluntary intake by dairy cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather D. St. C. Neal ◽  
C. Thomas ◽  
J. M. Cobby
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Grassland Research

SummaryRations for dairy cows are often formulated using predictions of voluntary feed intake calculated from regression equations. The accuracy of the predictions of dry-matter intake by seven equations is investigated. Comparisons are made when live weight is taken to be the observed weekly mean (MLW), the observed live weight after calving (CLW) or an estimated breed weight accompanied by a notional pattern of live-weight change (BLW). Data recorded on a British Friesian dairy herd at the Grassland Research Institute fed mostly silage ad libitum and various supplements are used. The mean square prediction error (MSPE) is calculated for each week and summarized over the whole experimental period.The least MSPE's are 2·1, 2·8 and 2·4 (kg D.M.)2 for comparisons using MLW, CLW and BLW respectively. The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1975) equation involving only live weight and milk yield performs well and would be useful when only the limited measurements of live weight and milk yield are available, but the more complex equations of Vadiveloo & Holmes (1979) and of Lewis (1981) give consistently the best predictions. The importance of using the original definitions of the variables when applying a predictive equation is illustrated. Even so, the large errors found in the predictions of intake points to the need for further research.

scholarly journals Performance of crossbred Holstein x Gyr dairy cows, with and without energy supplementation, in BRS Kurumi elephant grass pastures

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2555-2568
Author(s):  
Conrado Trigo Moraes ◽  
◽  
Mirton José Frota Morenz ◽  
Calos Augusto Miranda Gomide ◽  
Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Ground Corn

This study evaluated the effect of energy supplementation with ground corn on the performance of crossbred dairy cows in BRS Kurumi elephant grass pastures managed under rotational stocking during the rainy season. Six Holstein × Gyr cows were used, with average milk production, body weight, body condition score, and days in milk of 18.0±2.89 kg day−1, 560±66 kg, 2.50±0.21, and 99±12, respectively. The experimental design used was the complete reversion (switchback), and the evaluations were conducted over three grazing cycles, with adaptation periods of 14 days and six days of sample collection. The concentrate supplement (ground corn) was supplied twice a day, at a rate of 2 kg cow−1 day−1 in the morning and 1 kg cow−1 day−1 in the afternoon (as-fed basis). A reduction of 23.4% was observed in the pasture dry matter (DM) intake (PDMI) in cows that received energy supplementation, which corresponds to 2.96 kg day-1 less of PDMI when compared to the group without supplementation. This corresponds to a substitution rate of 1.1 kg of pasture per kg of concentrate consumed (DM basis), which reduced the intake (kg cow−1 day−1) of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein by 18.9% and 13.9% in the cows that received ground corn. There were increases of 11.8%, 9.0%, and 10.1%, respectively, in the milk yield, the 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield, and the energy-corrected milk yield of the cows that received ground corn. The response to supplementation in kg of milk per kg of DM of concentrate consumed was 0.57, and the milk contents of fat, protein, and lactose did not differ between treatments. The energy supplementation with 3 kg cow−1 day−1 of ground corn resulted in an increase of 11.8% in the milk yield of Holstein × Gyr dairy cows grazed on BRS Kurumi elephant grass, as well as promoted increases in the daily protein, lactose, and total solids yields. In addition, the provision of 3 kg day−1 of ground corn for lactating cows grazing on BRS Kurumi increased the efficiency in the use of dietary nitrogen.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

A comparison of starchy and fibrous concentrates for milk production, energy utilization and hay intake by Friesian cows

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
J. A. Bines ◽  
S. V. Morant ◽  
D. J. Napper ◽  
D. J. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Concentrate Inclusion ◽  
Friesian Cows

SummaryTwenty-four Friesian cows were allocated to one of four diets for weeks 3–14 of lactation following 2 weeks on a common diet. The diets (kg air-dry feed/day) were 7–2 kg hay and 10·8 kg either starchy or fibrous concentrates (60S and 60F) or 3·5 kg hay and 14·0 kg either starchy or fibrous concentrates (80S and 80F). Rumen samples were taken by stomach tube in weeks 10 and 12 of lactation and the digestibility of the diets was measured with four cows per treatment during weeks 13 and 14. The digestibility of the same feeds was also measured in sheep at maintenance.The principal carbohydrate constituents of the concentrates were barley, wheat and cassava in the starchy concentrates and citrus pulp, sugar-beet pulp and wheat feed in the fibrous concentrates. The concentrates were designed to have similar concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME) and the diets were planned to provide similar intakes of digestible energy and crude protein.Milk yield and composition were very similar for treatments 60S and 60F. With the higher proportion of starchy concentrates (80S), milk yield was about 20% greater than on 60S, fat concentration fell severely but protein and lactose concentrations were unaffected. With the higher proportion of fibrous concentrates (80F), milk yield and the protein and lactose concentration were similar to values on 60F but fat concentration was lower, though not nearly so low as on 80S. Milk energy yield was reduced by the higher proportion of concentrates but was unaffected by type of carbohydrates. Live-weight changes were small.In both the sheep, consuming at maintenance, and the lactating cows consuming at about 3 times maintenance, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and energy was higher with the higher concentrate diets but was unaffected by type of concentrate. The digestibility of fibre was greater with the fibrous concentrates but the effect of level of concentrate inclusion was inconsistent. Digestibility coefficients were consistently lower for the lactating cows than for the sheep.The proportion of acetic acid in the rumen volatile fatty acids in the cows was higher and the proportion of propionic acid was lower with the fibrous concentrates. The differences were much greater with the higher proportion of concentrates.During weeks 15–22 of lactation the cows were reallocated to concentrate treatments and given hay ad libitum. Hay intake was about 1 kg/day higher with the fibrous concentrates but the difference was not significant. Hay intake fell by about 0·6 kg/kg concentrate intake for both concentrate types. No significant differences in milk yield or composition were established, probably because of incomplete adaptation even after 8 weeks.It is concluded that at concentrate intakes of about 10 kg/day, the source of carbohydrate in the concentrates has little effect on milk production when the concentrates are of similar ME concentration. However, at higher levels of concentrate inclusion, although the diets may have similar ME concentrations, important differences in the yields of fat, protein and lactose occur due to carbohydrate source and these can be related to differences in rumen fermentation.

Supplementary feeding of dairy cows on continuously stocked pasture

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jennings ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Stocking Rates

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted with milking cows on continuously stocked perennial ryegrass pastures. In each a control group, T0, received 1 kg/day of a concentrate supplement and treatment groups T1 and T2 received 4 kg (Expt 1) or 5 kg/day (Expt 2) of a low quality T1 or a high quality T2 concentrate. In Expt 1 treatments were applied continuously for 14 weeks to a total of 30 cows. In Expt 2 a Latin square design for 9 weeks was conducted with 18 cows. The stocking rate of the pasture declined from 9·6 to 5·1 cows per ha (mean 6·7 cows/ha) from May to August (Expt 1) and was maintained at 3 cows/ha in August-October (Expt 2).Supplements increased total intakes by 0·92 and 0·77 kg organic matter (OM)/kg OM supplied in the concentrates respectively for Expts 1 and 2. Milk yields increased by 0·6 and 0·5 kg/kg concentrate supplied and supplemented cows showed small increases in live weight. Differences in lactation milk yield just approached significance. Grazing times were only slightly reduced by supplements and bite sizes were lower than normal. There was no important difference in animal performance between the two concentrates. The total output from the pasture was 19·6t milk and 115 GJ of utilized metabolizable energy per hectare.Reasons for the high supplementary effect of the concentrates and its implications for stocking rates are discussed.

The effect of level and type of supplement offered to grazing dairy cows on herbage intake, animal performance and rumen fermentation characteristics

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Sayers ◽  
C. S. Mayne ◽  
C. G. Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Herbage Intake

AbstractA study was undertaken to examine the effect of level and type of supplement and changes in the chemical composition of herbage through the grazing season on herbage intake, animal performance and rumen characteristics with high-yielding dairy cows. Thirty-two high genetic merit dairy cows were allocated to one of four treatments in a two-phase change-over design experiment. The four treatments involved offering either high-fibre (HF) or high-starch (HS) supplements at either 5 or 10 kg dry matter (DM) per day. Animals rotationally grazed perennial ryegrass swards offered a daily herbage allowance of 23 kg DM. High levels of animal performance were maintained throughout the study with mean milk yields over the 21-week experimental period of 35·5 and 37·2 kg per cow per day on the 5- and 10-kg treatments respectively. Supplement type had no significant effect on herbage intake. Increasing the level of supplementation reduced herbage intake by 0·49 and 0·46 kg herbage DM per kg supplement DM and increased milk yield, with a milk yield response of 0·55 and 0·65 kg/kg supplement DM offered in phases 1 and 2. Supplement type had no significant effect on milk yield and milk butterfat content. However, in both phases 1 and 2, milk protein content was significantly higher with cows offered the HS supplement compared with the HF supplement, this being particularly evident at the higher level of supplementation. Supplement type also had marked effects on milk protein composition. These results indicate that high levels of performance can be achieved with dairy cows on grazed pasture with moderate levels of supplementation.

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