Dairy cows feeding with sorghum silage supplemented with concentrate

Concentrated feed can be used to increase the milk yield in dairy farms. However, the feeding cost increases when concentrates are used and, sometimes, farmers lose competitiveness, if the cows do not produce what is expected with supplementation. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the nutrients intake, milk yield and composition and live weight change of dairy cows fed with sorghum silage alone or supplemented with concentrates. Nine crossbred cows (Holstein-Gyr) were allocated in three balanced Latin squares and fed with sorghum silage supplemented with minerals (0.2 kg) or with 2.6 kg (38.5% of crude protein) or 5.0 kg (20% of crude protein) of concentrate per day, aiming at supplying the same amount of crude protein (1.0 kg day-1). The dry matter intake and milk yield were higher for the cows fed with concentrate, independently of its protein level. The productive response (in kg of milk per kg of concentrate) was 1.67 and 0.83, respectively for the low and high supplemental levels. The cows that received only minerals lost weight, while those fed with concentrate gained weight. The cows which produced 13.0 kg of milk day-1 showed a higher increase in milk yield when fed with supplements containing high protein and mineral contents. The response for milk production per kg of concentrate was higher when lower amounts of concentrate with high protein and mineral levels were used, allowing a reduction in the production costs.

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Replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal in diets based on spineless cactus for lactating cows

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982009001000020 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 1995-2000 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fabiana Maria da Silva ◽

Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira ◽

Adriana Guim ◽

Ricardo Alexandre Silva Pessoa ◽

Luiz Henrique dos Santos Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Cottonseed Meal ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Latin Square ◽

Live Weight ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Sorghum Silage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal in the diet of dairy cows fed diets based on spineless cactus. Five Girolando lactating cows were used, with average live weight of 490 kg and average production of 11.5 kg of milk/day, distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design (5 animals, 5 treatments and 5 experimental periods). Each experimental period lasted 15 days, 10 days being for the adaptation of the animals to the diet and 5 days for data collection. The experimental diet consisted of spineless cactus (53%), sorghum silage (32%) and concentrate (15%). The cottonseed meal replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of soybean meal in the concentrate. The intake, milk yield and composition were evaluated. The nutrients intake and digestibility were not affected by the treatments, with an average of 15.55 and 56.05; 13.8 and 59.31, 0.37 and 49.40, 5.32 and 30.95, 1.79 and 48.14; 9.94 and 54.31, 4.43 kg/day and 80.99%, for the dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, total carbohydrates and non-fibrous carbohydrates, respectively. The total digestible nutrients were not affected (average of 8.30 kg/day). Similarly, the milk yield and composition, fat corrected milk yield (4%), lactose, total solids, fat and protein were not affected by replacement (11.56, 11.41 kg milk/day and 4.45, 12.75, 3.95 and 3.42%, respectively). Recommended the replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal for low production dairy cows.

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Serum and Hair Trace Element and Mineral Levels in Dairy Cows in Relation to Daily Milk Yield

Biological Trace Element Research ◽

10.1007/s12011-021-02878-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elena A. Sizova ◽

Sergey A. Miroshnikov ◽

Svetlana V. Notova ◽

Olga V. Marshinskaya ◽

Tatiana V. Kazakova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Trace Element ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Daily Milk Yield ◽

Mineral Levels ◽

Daily Milk

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Pengaruh Pemberian Ransum dengan Kualitas Berbeda Terhadap Profil Darah, Produksi Susu dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Perah

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v6i1.4940 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aqni Hanifa

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Hb Concentration

<div class="Section1">An experiment was conducted to study blood profile, milk yield and liveweight gain of dairy cows as affected by dietary different quality of diets. The experiment used 15 lactating PFH were assigned into three treatments of diets and</div> five replication, three treatments of diets were : 1) T1 (CP 12% dan TDN 65%); 2) T2 (CP 14% dan TDN 70%) dan 3) T3 (CP 16% dan TDN 75%).The results of this experiment showed that the average of dry matter (DM) intake on Tl, T2 and T3 treatments were 8,59; 10,03 and 10,94 kg/d, respectively (P<0,01). The average of crude protein intake (CP) on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 1,06; 1,44 and 1,71 kg/d (P<0,01), also the average of TDN intake on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 5,52; 6,86 and 8,02 kg/d (P<0,01). The average of Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 10,21: 11,18 and 10,44 g/dl (P>0,05), also the average of eritrosit value on TI, T2 and T3 treatments were 3,37; 3,73 and 3,48 million/mm3;, respectively (P>0,05). The average of milk yield on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 8,12; 11,29 and 13,42 l/d (P<0,05). The average of liveweight gain on TI, T2 and T3 treatments were 81,66; 117,71 and 320,00 g/d (P>0,05). The conclusions of this research was the highest level of CP and "1'DN in diets (CP 16% and TDN 75%) showed that feed intake (DM, CP and TDN) and milk yield gave the best than other treatments. Different dietary quality of diets altered significant on feed intake (DM, CP and TDN) and milk yield, but the treatments did not affect on liveweight gain, Fib and eritrosit concentration. Key words : diets quality, feed intake, blood profile, milk yield, liveweight gain, dairy cows

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Effect of offering three amounts of maize stover to dairy cows on intake and selection

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s175275620059526x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1997 ◽

pp. 85-85

Author(s):

J. N. Methu ◽

E. Owen ◽

A. Abate ◽

M. Scarr ◽

J. Tanner

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Feeding Strategy ◽

Latin Square ◽

Live Weight ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Maize Stover ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Friesian Cows

Several studies with barley straw (e.g. Wahed et al, 1990) and sorghum stover (e.g. Osafo, 1993) have shown improvements in intake with increasing ‘ad libitum’ amounts offered. Furthermore, these studies have demonstrated that sheep and goats offered barley straw or sorghum stover in long, unprocessed form, increase intake by selecting for leaf and leaf sheath, and against stem. This phenomenon offers a simple feeding strategy to use selective feeding behaviour to improve intake and hence production. The aim of the present experiment was to study the effect of offering increasing amounts of long maize stover on intake and selection by dairy cows.Six, early- to mid-lactation Ayrshire and Friesian cows (live weight, M, 430 kg) were used in a double 3x3 Latin square design with 24-day (d) feeding periods. Cows were offered long (unchopped) maize stover at low, medium or high ‘ad libitum’ rates, i.e. 31, 59 or 87 g dry matter (DM)/kg M.d. Cows also received 3.2 kg DM/d of cotton seed cake (339 g/kg DM crude protein) in two meals at milking (0700 h and 1800 h). Stover was offered in one meal daily, at 0700 h, after collecting refusals from the previous day. Amounts of stover offered and refused were weighed daily. Samples of offered stover (0.5 kg) and refused stover (0.5 kg) were analysed for DM daily. All refused stover and 4.0 kg samples of offered stover were botanically fractionated, daily, into stem (S), leaf (L), sheath (Sh) and husk (H). Milk yield was recorded daily and cows weighed at the start and end of each period.

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Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/873-cjas ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 468-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Poláková ◽

V. Kudrna ◽

A. Kodeš ◽

B. Hučko ◽

Z. Mudřík

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Body Condition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Live Weight ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Control Group ◽

Maize Starch ◽

Milk Performance

The main aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the effect of different composition of non-structural carbohydrates (NFC) in prepartum feed rations administered to high-yielding dairy cows at a high concentration of NFC in the diet on dry matter intake both before and after parturition and on subsequent milk performance, body condition and physiological traits of rumen fluid and blood. Thirty-six high-yielding dairy cows were allocated into one of the three well-balanced groups (K, O, and C), and each group received a different feeding rations. Feeding rations differed in non-structural carbohydrate (NFC) structure. The "K" (control) group received a feeding ration with NFC in the form of maize starch in particular, while the feeding rations of the other two (experimental) groups contained either (besides maize starch) saccharose from dried sugar beet (the "O" group) or a dominant amount of NFC was in the form of saccharose (the "C" group). After calving, all dairy cows were given the same feeding ration from the first day after parturition. The experiment was conducted for 21 days before and 50 days after calving. FR in the form of total mixed ration was offered ad libitum. Dry matter intake, milk performance, body condition, live weight, and blood and rumen parameters were recorded for the duration of the experiment. Average daily dry matter intake before calving was highest in the "K" group (14.32 kg per head). Differences among groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Prepartum dry matter consumption dropped as the rate of saccharose in the diet of cows increased. Dry matter consumption levelled off after calving. Milk yield was also highest in the "K" group (43.71 kg/head/day), but fatness of milk and thus the production of fat corrected milk were lowest in this group. The highest milk fat content (4.10%) and fat corrected milk production (44.03 kg/head/day) were recorded in the "C" group, whereas the highest milk protein concentration was found in the milk of the "O" group. The composition of NFC affected dry matter intake before parturition, but these concentrations did not significantly affect dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, live weight, body condition or blood serum and rumen fluid parameters after calving

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Copper sulphate as a growth stimulant for pigs: effect of composition of diet and level of protein

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100034176 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. A. M. Lucas ◽

R. M. Livingstone ◽

A. W. Boyne

Keyword(s):

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Copper Sulphate ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Live Weight ◽

Basal Diet ◽

High Protein ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽

Low Protein

Thirty six individually-fed pigs were used in a within-litter comparison of the 6 treatments of a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. The pigs were about 9 weeks old at the start and were slaughtered as their individual weights reached about 200 lb.Three types of basal diet were given with and without a supplement of CuSO4.5H2O included at 0·1% (250 p.p.m. added Cu).The diets were based on (1) barley and fish meal, with 17% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. live-weight and 15·4 % from then on, (2) maize and soya (extracted soya bean meal), with about the same levels of protein and (3) maize and soya, but with only 13·4% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. and 11·9% for pigs of 103 lb. to 200 lb. Daily feed allowances were determined from a fixed scale based on live-weight.Pigs given the high-protein maize-soya diets grew more rapidly, required less feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses than those given the barley-fish meal diets. This was probably because of the higher TDN content of the maize-soya mixture.Pigs given the low-protein maize-soya diets grew less rapidly, required more feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses with smaller ‘eye’ muscles than those receiving the high-protein maize-soya diets, these being the usual effects of an inadequate supply of total protein or of an essential amino acid.CuSO4.5H2O4 added as 0·1% of each of the three types of diet improved growth rate before 103 lb. live-weight but had no consistent effect on feed conversion efficiency. Between 103 lb. and slaughter the copper sulphate did not affect performance on the barley-fish meal or high-protein maize-soya diet, but in the low-protein maize-soya diet it reduced feed conversion efficiency and rate of gain by 5%. Although this interaction was not statistically significant it agrees with an observation made in Florida and warrants further investigation.

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The effect of plane of nutrition in early lactation on the performance of beef cows

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100023540 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 293-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

B. G. Lowman ◽

R. A. Edwards ◽

S. H. Somerville ◽

G. M. Jolly

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Post Partum ◽

Live Weight ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Yield Response ◽

Mating Period ◽

Digestible Crude Protein

ABSTRACTTwenty-one mature autumn-calving Blue Grey cows were divided into three groups for a 3-year change-over experiment, and each group was allocated to one of three planes of nutrition for the first 150 days of lactation during each year. Milk yields were recorded by machine milking twice daily. The three planes of nutrition corresponded to 1·63, 1·21 and 0·89 of the cow's maintenance allowance 12 h post partum. Increasing the plane of nutrition significantly (P<0·05) increased 150-day cumulative milk yield, but had no significant effect on milk composition. The extent of live-weight loss decreased significantly (P<0·001) as plane of nutrition increased and was reflected in cows maintaining better condition, measured as condition score, through the experimental period.The small 150-day cumulative milk yield response (32·8 kg per additional 10 MJ metabolizable energy and 62 g digestible crude protein/day) demonstrated the limitation of feeding beef cows for increased milk production in comparison with feeding the calf directly. However, the possible relationship between plane of nutrition, live-weight loss and fertility suggests an important limitation of under-feeding cows during the mating period. Within the constraints imposed, the medium treatment (64 MJ metabolizable energy and 516 g digestible crude protein/day) resulted in levels of cow performance similar to those currently recorded in commercial units. One of the major constraints in the present investigation was the high level of body reserves available in the cows at the start of lactation.

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Effect of Varying Dietary Crude Protein Level on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Milk Production, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10122439 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2439

Author(s):

Constantine Bakyusa Katongole ◽

Tianhai Yan

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Live Weight ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Friesian Cows

The effect of dietary crude protein (CP) level on intake, digestibility, milk production, and nitrogen (N) use efficiency was studied. Twenty-four Holstein-Friesian cows (17 multiparous and seven primiparous) were grouped by parity, days in milk, milk yield, and live weight into six blocks of four, and randomly assigned to four total mixed ration (TMR) treatments, containing 141, 151, 177, or 210 g CP/kg dry matter (DM), over 28 day experimental periods. Apparent total-tract DM and fiber digestibilities and milk fat composition were similar across treatments. Milk protein and urea-N compositions, and urinary and manure N excretion increased linearly, while milk N efficiency (MNE) decreased linearly with increasing CP. DM intake was highest with the 177 diet, while CP intake increased linearly with increasing CP, peaking at 200 g/kg DM. Milk yield increased with CP intake for the three lower CP levels, peaking at 176 g CP/kg DM. The further increase in CP level from 177 to 210 g/kg DM did not result in improved milk yield, but resulted in decreased milk N secretion and increased urinary N excretion. In summary, milk protein composition increased linearly with increasing CP, accompanied by a linear decrease in MNE, resulting in a bell-shaped relationship between milk yield and dietary CP level.

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Effect of Sulfur and Urea Fortification of Fresh Cassava Root in Fermented Total Mixed Ration on the Improvement Milk Quality of Tropical Lactating Cows

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci7030098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Chanadol Supapong ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Milk Quality ◽

The Body ◽

Total Mixed Ration ◽

Cassava Root

The aim of the present research was to determine the influence of sulfur and urea combined with fresh cassava root in fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) on digestibility, fermentation in the rumen, blood metabolite, milk yield, and milk quality in tropical lactating dairy cows. Four mid-lactation Thai Holstein–Friesian crossbred cows were studied. Pre-experiment milk yield was 12.7 ± 0.30 kg/day, and the body weight was 495 ± 40.0 kg. Animals were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive diets followed by: factor A, which was a dose of sulfur inclusion at 1.0% and 2.0%, and factor B, which was level of urea inclusion at 1.25% and 2.5% DM in FTMR. The hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentrations reduced 99.3% to 99.4% compared with fresh cassava root when FTMR was supplemented with 1.0% and 2.0% sulfur, respectively. Intake of crude protein was increased based on urea level addition (p < 0.05). Blood thiocyanate concentration was increased by 21.6% when sulfur was supplemented at 2.0% compared to 1.0% (p < 0.05). There was no difference in protozoal concentration, whereas bacterial populations at 4 h after feeding were significantly greater by 6.1% with the FTMR supplemented with 2.0% sulfur and 2.5% urea (p < 0.01). Allantoin concentrations, excretion, absorption, and microbial crude protein showed significant interactions between sulfur levels and urea levels in cows fed diets supplemented with 2.0% sulfur and 2.5% urea (p < 0.05). The molar ratios of the volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile were affected by dietary FTMR (p < 0.01). Furthermore, propionic acid increased by 4.6% when diets were supplemented by 2.5% sulfur (p < 0.01). Milk fat and total solids increased when feed was supplemented with 2.0% sulfur and 2.5% urea (p < 0.05). The diets supplemented with 2.0% sulfur levels resulted in greater concentrations of milk thiocyanate (p < 0.05). The somatic cell count was significantly reduced throughout the experiment with increasing sulfur supplementation (p < 0.05). Animals fed diets supplemented with 2.0% sulfur exhibited a decreased somatic cell count by 18.3% compared with those fed diets supplemented with 1.0% sulfur. Thus, inclusion of 2.0% sulfur with 2.5% urea in FTMR containing fresh cassava root improved digestibility, ruminal fermentation, microbial crude protein synthesis, and milk qualities in dairy cows.

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Banana peel in the diet for F1 Holstein x Zebu cows

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p969 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 969 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel ◽

Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽

Marco Túlio Parrela de Melo ◽

José Reinaldo Mendes Ruas ◽

Lara Maria Santos Brant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Sorghum Silage ◽

Zebu Cows

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of includingsun-dried banana peel in diets for F1 Holstein x Zebu cows on intake, digestibility and milk production. Diets were composed of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% replacement of sorghum silage with banana peel provided to 10 cows in two simultaneous 5 x 5 Latin squares, with the experiment divided into five periods of 16 days. The dry matter intake showed a quadratic effect with maximum level at 38.30% substitution as well as intake of crude protein expressed in kg-1 day and percentage of body weight, with maximum at the levels of 50.09 and 45.69% inclusion of the peel, respectively. The intake of neutral detergent fiber and the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein showed a decreasing linear effect. Variation in weight and body condition score, milk production and feed conversion were not affected. The replacement of 60% sorghum silage with banana peel represents a viable alternative as it causes no change in cows with average production of 16.49 kg milk with 3.5% fat day-1, reducing feeding costs.

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