Suicidal behavior in the community: prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the life prevalence rates of suicidal ideation, suicidal plans and suicide attempts and verify factors associated to suicidal ideation. METHODS: 515 individuals > 14 years old were selected at random (cluster and stratified sample) and assessed by means of the WHO SUPRE-MISS interview, SRQ-20 and AUDIT. Life prevalence rates were estimated. Uni and multivariate analyses were performed. Odds ratios, together with confidence intervals, were adjusted by gender and age. RESULTS: Life prevalence rates were 17.1% (95% CI: 12.9 - 21.2) for suicidal ideation, 4.8% (95% CI: 2.8 - 6.8) for plans and 2.8% (95% CI: 0.09 - 4.6) for suicide attempts. Only one-third of those who attempted suicide were later treated at a health facility. The 12-month prevalence rates were, respectively, 5.3% (95% CI: 3.5 - 7.2), 1.9% (95% CI: 1.0 - 2.8) and 0.4% (95% CI: -0.3 - 1.1). Suicidal ideation was more frequently reported by women (OR = 1.7), young adults (20-29 years old: OR = 2.9; 30-39 years old: OR = 3.6, compared to the 14-19 year old group), those living alone (OR = 4.2) and those presenting mental disorders (OR between 2.8 and 3.8). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of suicidal behavior was similar to that found in most studies carried out in other countries. Suicidal ideation was consistently associated with factors related to mental disorders or psychological distress. This should be taken into account when developing strategies to prevent suicidal behavior.

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Childhood adversities and risk for suicidal ideation and attempts: a longitudinal population-based study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291706008646 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 1769-1778 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

MURRAY W. ENNS ◽

BRIAN J. COX ◽

TRACIE O. AFIFI ◽

RON DE GRAAF ◽

MARGREET TEN HAVE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Population Based ◽

Childhood Adversities ◽

Mental Health Survey ◽

New Onset

Background. Developmental adversities may be risk factors for adult suicidal behavior, but this relationship has rarely been studied prospectively. The present study examined the association between childhood adversities and new onset suicidal ideation and attempts in an adult population-based sample.Method. The study used a large community mental health survey (the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study; n=7076, age range 18–64 years). Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between childhood adversities and new onset of suicidal ideation and attempts over 3 years of longitudinal follow-up.Results. During the study period 85 new cases of suicidal ideation and 39 new onset suicide attempts were observed. The incidence rate for new suicide ideation was 0·67% per year and the incidence rate for new suicide attempts was 0·28% per year. Childhood neglect, psychological abuse and physical abuse were strongly associated with new onset suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 2·80 to 4·66 for new onset suicidal ideation and from 3·60 to 5·43 for new onset suicide attempts. The total number of adversities reported had a strong graded relationship to new onset suicidal ideation and attempts. These associations remained significant after controlling for the effects of mental disorders.Conclusions. Childhood abuse and multiple adversities are strongly associated with future suicidal behavior and the mental disorders assessed in the present study do not fully account for this effect. A comprehensive understanding of suicidal behavior must take childhood adversities into account.

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Genetic Counselling in Psychiatric Disorder with High Suicide Risk

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.313 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S101-S101

Author(s):

D. Cozman ◽

R. Moldovan ◽

B. Nemes

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Genetic Counselling ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Past History ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Death Wishes ◽

Suicidal Plans ◽

The Impact

IntroductionA better understanding of the genomics of mental illnesses allowed genetic counselling to be provided to individuals with severe mental illness and their families.AimThe present study was aimed at assessing the efficacy of genetic counselling for severe mental illnesses with high suicide risk.MethodAssessment was performed before and after genetic counselling session. Measures used were evaluation of traumatic events in childhood, multidimensional scale for perception of social support (SMSSP), positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS-X), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Paykel questionnaire and Genetic Counselling Outcome Scale (GCOS). Paykel's questionnaire consists of five questions about suicidal thoughts and attempts, including: life-weariness, death wishes, suicidal ideation, suicidal plans and suicide attempts. Intervention and assessment lasted approximately one and a half hour. Data from 48 patients was analysed.ResultsMean age of participants was M = 38.4, SD = 9.7, and the group was batter represented by females (57%). The participants had various diagnoses, 22% had schizophrenia, 36% bipolar disorder and 42% recurrent depressive disorder. Forty percent of participants reported suicidal ideation and 22,5% had a past history of suicide attempt. Genetic counselling had a direct positive influence upon GCOS specific items and reduced the Paykel scores among participants presenting with suicidal ideation.ConclusionGenetic counselling offers information about the disorder, the role of genetics and the impact of environmental factors. Preliminary data suggest that providing genetic counselling decreases the suicidal ideation frequency.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among Refugees: A Meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-732316/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elisa Haase ◽

Antje Schönfelder ◽

Yuriy Nesterko ◽

Heide Glaesmer

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Economic Status ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Psychological Burden ◽

Period Prevalence

Abstract Background: Suicidal ideation and attempts are one of the most serious mental health problems affecting refugees. Risk factors such as mental disorders, low socio-economic status, and stressful life events all contribute to making refugees a high-risk group. For this reason, this meta-analysis aims to investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts among refugees in non-clinical populations.Method: All studies published in English up through August 2020 were considered for the analysis. We searched four databases for articles reporting (period) prevalence rates of suicidal ideation and attempts. Results: Of 294 hits, 11 publications met the inclusion criteria. Overall prevalence rates were calculated using Rstudio. The overall period prevalence of suicidal ideation was 20.5% (CI: 0.11-0.32, I²=98%, n=8), 22.3% (CI: 0.10-0.38, I²=97%, n=5) for women, and 23.3% for men (CI: 0.13-0.35, I²=87%, n=3). Suicide attempts had an overall prevalence of 0.57% (CI: 0.00-0.02, I²=81%, n=4). Conclusion: There is a great lack of epidemiological studies on suicidal ideation and attempts among refugees. The high prevalence of suicidal ideation indicates the existence of heavy psychological burden among this population. The prevalence of suicide attempts is similar to that in non-refugee populations. In addition, the results underline the need for systematic and standardized assessment and treatment of suicidal ideation and attempts.

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Associations between Abortion, Mental Disorders, and Suicidal Behaviour in a Nationally Representative Sample

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674371005500407 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 239-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Natalie P Mota ◽

Margaret Burnett ◽

Jitender Sareen

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

World Health ◽

Population Attributable Fractions ◽

Attributable Fractions ◽

Nationally Representative

Objective: Most previous studies that have investigated the relation between abortion and mental illness have presented mixed findings. We examined the relation between abortion, mental disorders, and suicidality using a US nationally representative sample. Methods: Data came from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication ( n = 3310 women, aged 18 years and older). The World Health Organization-Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess mental disorders based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria and lifetime abortion in women. Multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to examine associations between abortion and lifetime mood, anxiety, substance use, eating, and disruptive behaviour disorders, as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. We calculated the percentage of respondents whose mental disorder came after the first abortion. The role of violence was also explored. Population attributable fractions were calculated for significant associations between abortion and mental disorders. Results: After adjusting for sociodemographics, abortion was associated with an increased likelihood of several mental disorders—mood disorders (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] ranging from 1.75 to 1.91), anxiety disorders (AOR ranging from 1.87 to 1.91), substance use disorders (AOR ranging from 3.14 to 4.99), as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempts (AOR ranging from 1.97 to 2.18). Adjusting for violence weakened some of these associations. Forall disorders examined, less than one-half of women reported that their mental disorder had begun after the first abortion. Population attributable fractions ranged from 5.8% (suicidal ideation) to 24.7% (drug abuse). Conclusions: Our study confirms a strong association between abortion and mental disorders. Possible mechanisms of this relation are discussed.

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A probe in the connection between inflammation, cognition and suicide

Journal of Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/0269881118764022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 482-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ricardo Cáceda ◽

W Sue T Griffin ◽

Pedro L Delgado

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Linear Models ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Limited Data ◽

Physical Pain ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Downstream Effects ◽

Suicidal Patients

Background: Increased inflammation is linked to suicide risk. However, it is unclear whether increased inflammation drives suicidal crises or is a trait associated with lifetime suicidal behavior. Limited data exist on the sources of increased inflammation observed in suicidal patients and on its downstream effects. Aims: To examine factors associated with inflammation and with suicidal ideation severity in acutely suicidal depressed patients. Methods: Fifty-two adult depressed patients of both sexes hospitalized for severe suicidal ideation were characterized for suicidality, depression, anxiety, medical comorbidity, psychological and physical pain, impulsivity, verbal fluency, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL) 6. Two generalized linear models were performed with either CRP or suicidal ideation severity as dependent variables. Results: CRP levels were positively associated with age, body mass index (BMI), IL6, current physical pain and number of lifetime suicide attempts. Suicidal ideation severity was not significantly correlated with either CRP or IL6. Suicidal ideation severity was positively associated with female sex, presence of an anxiety disorder, current physical pain, number of lifetime suicide attempts and with delay discounting for medium and large losses. Conclusions: Increased inflammation is not associated with acute suicidal risk, but seems to represent a trait associated with lifetime suicidal behavior.

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Gray matter volume alterations associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in patients with mood disorders

Annals of General Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12991-020-00318-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pengshuo Wang ◽

Ran Zhang ◽

Xiaowei Jiang ◽

Shengnan Wei ◽

Fei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Middle Frontal Gyrus ◽

Left And Right ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Post Hoc

Abstract Background Mood disorders are severe mental disorders related to increased suicidal behavior. Finding neural features for suicidal behavior, including suicide attempts (SAs) and suicidal ideation (SI), in mood disorders may be helpful in preventing suicidal behavior. Methods Subjects consisted of 70 patients with mood disorders and suicidal behavior, 128 patients with mood disorders without suicidal behavior (mood disorders control, MC), and 145 health control (HC) individuals. All participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) techniques to examine gray matter volumes (GMVs). Results Significant differences were found in GMVs of the left and right middle frontal gyrus among the patients with mood disorders and suicidal behavior, MC, and HC. Post hoc comparisons showed significant differences in the GMVs of the above regions across all three groups (P < 0.01): HC > MC > mood disorders with suicidal behavior. However, there were no significant differences in the GMVs of the left and right middle frontal gyrus between the mood disorders with SI and mood disorders with SAs groups. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that abnormal regional GMV in the middle frontal gyrus is associated with suicidal behavior in mood disorders. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether the GMV alterations in mood disorders with SI are different from these in mood disorders with SAs.

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Interoceptive deficits, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicide risk: a multi-sample study of indirect effects

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291718003872 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (16) ◽

pp. 2789-2800 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher R. Hagan ◽

Megan L. Rogers ◽

Amy M. Brausch ◽

Jennifer J. Muehlenkamp ◽

Thomas E. Joiner

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Pain Tolerance ◽

Self Report ◽

Self Injury ◽

Two Samples

AbstractBackgroundInteroceptive deficits (ID) have been associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior in multiple studies. Many of these studies are limited in scope, and have not fully examined possible mechanisms explaining how ID affect suicidal behavior.MethodsThis study assesses how self-reported ID relate to suicide ideation and attempts in six distinct and geographically diverse samples of adults (n = 2706) and one sample of adolescents (n = 436). Participants responded to a variety of self-report questionnaires and interviews.ResultsContrary to our hypothesis, self-reported ID were only associated with suicidal ideation in two samples, one of which was the adolescent sample. Largely consistent with our predictions, self-reported ID exhibited an indirect effect on suicide attempts through versatility of NSSI in four of the five adult samples tested. Finally, the indirect effects of self-reported ID on suicide attempts through NSSI versatility did not act indirectly through behaviorally assessed pain tolerance.ConclusionsWe found that, in adults, self-reported ID are not associated with suicidal ideation, but are connected with a history of suicide attempts, through an indirect effect via NSSI. Our findings also indicate that the mechanism of action leading from self-reported ID to suicidal behavior may differ between adolescents and adults, and relate to suicidal behavior independent of pain tolerance. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.

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Evaluation of Suicidal Behaviour in a General Psychiatric Consultation

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71206-4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

C. Silva ◽

I. Gil ◽

M.A. Mateus ◽

Ó. Nogueiro

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Age Group ◽

Psychiatric Consultation ◽

Process Data ◽

Systematic Screening ◽

High Prevalence ◽

History Of ◽

Religious Aspects

Several studies have been conducted to establish a profile of the suicidal/parasuicidal patient. Also several factors have been identified as possibly influencing the suicidal rates, including the religious practices.Objectives:Characterize the profile of suicidal behavior in a sample of patients followed in a general psychiatric consultation.Methods:It was done an analytical observational study of a random sample of 100 patients followed in a general psychiatric consultation. A survey was conducted with the collection of socio-economic, religious aspects and clinical data, and it was consulted the patient"s clinical process. Data analysis was done in Excel 2003.Results:The sample was consisted mostly by women (74%), being the most representative age group between 40 and 50 years (27%), mostly married (61%), 24% had 2 children and 65% lived in the rural area. The clinical diagnosis (ICD-9) was in 46% of cases, neurotic depression. 52% consider themselves religious not practitioners, being 90% catholics. History of suicide attempts/parasuicide occurred in 32% of patients, in the form of drug intoxication (31%) or with another method (11%). Most of the individuals said to have already thought about suicide at least once in their lifetime (74%). Only 8% had current suicidal ideation. Family history of suicide occurred in 27%, particularly in first degree family members, mainly by drowning (7%) and hanging (7%).Conclusions:Our results suggest that exists a high prevalence of suicidal behavior in this patients. For that reason, it should be done a systematic screening for suicidal ideation in this risk population.

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Suicide Risk in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Exploration of Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Current Neuropharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570159x16666180620155941 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 681-696 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Umberto Albert ◽

Diana De Ronchi ◽

Giuseppe Maina ◽

Maurizio Pompili

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Quantitative Measure ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

History Of ◽

Axis I

Background: Historically, OCD has been considered to be associated with a relatively low risk of suicide. Recent studies, on the contrary, revealed a significant association between OCD and suicide attempts and ideation. A huge variation in prevalence rates, however, is reported. Objective: To estimate prevalence rates of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in individuals with OCD, and to identify predictors of suicide risk among subjects with OCD. Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature on suicide risk (ideation and/or attempts) and OCD. We included studies with appropriate definition of OCD, cross-sectional or prospective design, separating clinical samples from epidemiological studies, that employed a quantitative measure of suicidality and/or reported an outcome measure of the association between suicidality and OCD or examined factors associated with suicidality. Results: In clinical samples, the mean rate of lifetime suicide attempts is 14.2% (31 studies: range 6- 51.7%). Suicidal ideation is referred by 26.3-73.5% of individuals (17 studies, mean 44.1%); current suicidal ideation rate ranges between 6.4 and 75% (13 studies, mean 25.9). Epidemiological studies found that OCD increases significantly the odds of having a lifetime suicidal ideation as compared to the general population (OR: 1.9-10.3) and a history of lifetime suicide attempts (OR: 1.6- 9.9). Predictors of greater suicide risk are severity of OCD, the symptom dimension of unacceptable thoughts, comorbid Axis I disorders, severity of comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms, past history of suicidality and some emotion-cognitive factors such as alexithymia and hopelessness. Conclusion: Overall, suicidality appears a relevant phenomenon in OCD.

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