scholarly journals Effectiveness of EDTA and EDTA-T brushingm on the removal of root surface smear layer

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Cezar Sampaio ◽  
Ricardo Samih Georges Abi Rached ◽  
Gibson Luiz Pilatti ◽  
Letícia Helena Theodoro ◽  
Luiz Henrique Carvalho Batista
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Group I ◽  
Control Application ◽  
Root Surfaces ◽  
Gel Ph

The purpose of this study was to compare the removal of root surface smear layer following active application of EDTA gel and EDTA-T (texapon) gel in different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 24%), using scanning electron microscopy. A total of 220 dentin blocks obtained from the root surfaces of extracted teeth were divided into 3 groups: Group I - (control) application of saline solution (n = 20); Group II - EDTA gel (pH 7.0) was applied in the following concentrations: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 24% (n = 100); Group III - EDTA-T gel (pH 7.0) applied in the same concentrations described above (n = 100). The photomicrographs were evaluated by one calibrated examiner using a smear layer removal index and following statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test). The results demonstrated that the specimens treated with EDTA and EDTA-T gel presented a better smear layer removal than the control group (p < 0.01); no statistically significant differences were observed between the EDTA and EDTA-T groups and between the concentrations tested (Mann-Whitney, p > 0.05). Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that all treatment modalities effectively removed the smear layer from the root surface. The addition of texapon into the EDTA gel formulation did not increase its effectiveness.

The Effect of EDTA on the Attachment and Growth of Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts on Periodontitis-Affected Root Surface

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadir Babay
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Diseased Root ◽  
Migration Of Cells ◽  
Root Surfaces

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of 5% and 24% EDTA on the attachment of gingival fibroblasts to periodontally diseased root surfaces. A flat root surface was created on human teeth that were extracted due to severe periodontitis. The teeth were etched with the following concentrations of etylediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for two minutes: 5% (group I) and 24% (group II). Group III was soaked in saline and served as a control. The specimens and fibroblasts were incubated in a culture medium for 24 hours each day for one and two weeks and photographed using scanning electron microscopy. Each specimen was examined for the migration of cells into the etched and nonetched root surface. No fibroblasts could be detected on the saline groups. More fibroblasts could attach to the surface treated with 24% EDTA than with 5% EDTA. It was concluded that supersaturated EDTA at 24% enhances the attachment of gingival fibroblasts to the root surface.

An in vitro Evaluation of Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin-based Sealer with Dentin Treated with Diode and Nd:YAG Laser

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Anil Kumar ◽  
Maneesha Das ◽  
Sindhu Ramesh ◽  
Surendranath Garapati
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microtensile Bond Strength ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ah Plus

ABSTRACT Background Smear layer is a negative factor which prevents adhesion of the filling material to the dentinal walls. Recent advances in dental research have incorporated lasers as a potential adjunct in root canal treatment by removing the smear layer before filling the root canal system, enhancing the adhesion of sealers to dentin and improving the sealing ability. Aim To evaluate the microtensile bond strength of AH-Plus resin-based sealer to dentin after treatment with 980 nm diode and 1,064 nm neodymium-doped:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in vitro. Materials and methods Thirty specimens prepared for three groups namely group I (control), group II (980 nm diode–lased specimens) and group III (Nd:YAG–lased specimens). One tooth from each group was observed under scanning electron microscope for evaluation of intracanal root dentin morphology. Remaining specimens were used for making microsections by hard tissue microtome. Specimens for groups II and III were lased with 980 nm diode and 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser. AH Plus sealer was applied onto specimens and mounted onto Instron universal testing machine for microtensile bond strength testing. Results were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Results Group III Nd:YAG had maximum mean microtensile bond strength values (11.558 ± 0.869), followed by group II diode (9.073 ± 0.468) and group I control (6.05 ± 0.036). Statistically significant differences were seen among all the groups. SEM analysis shows removal of smear layer in both groups II and III. Conclusion Both Nd:YAG and diode laser were more effective than control group in improving the microtensile bond strength of AH Plus sealer to dentin. Clinical significance Lasers have the potential to increase the adhesiveness of root canal sealer to dentin surface, thereby improving the quality of root canal obturation. How to cite this article Maneesha D, Anil KG, Sindhu R, Surendranath G, Deepak S. An in vitro Evaluation of Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin-based Sealer with Dentin Treated with Diode and Nd:YAG Laser. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2): 183-187.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal Using Four Different Irrigation Techniques: An in-vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Ajay Chhabra ◽  
Apoorva Rana ◽  
Nisha Garg ◽  
Ruhani Bhatia ◽  
Shobit Sethi
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Group I ◽  
Individual Comparison ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation

INTRODUCTION: Irrigation is the vital part of root canal debridement. Usually post biomechanical preparation, the canal walls are covered by smear layer. It is important to remove this layer before obturation for better bond between the filling and walls. Conventional needle irrigation doesn’t give us adequate cleaning, therefore, new irrigation techniques are being tried to facilitate better smear layer removal. AIM: The aim was to evaluate and compare the smear layer removal by PATS,  EndoActivator device, Passive ultrasonic irrigation and side vent needle irrigation from canal walls. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  60 extracted mandibular premolars were instrumented up to 35/.04 with Heroshaper files. Samples were divided into 4 groups randomly before final irrigation as follows: Group I (n=15): Irrigation with side vent needles (Nexus ltd.,India), Group II (n=15): Irrigation with EndoActivator (Advanced Endodontics, Santa Barbara, CA ) Group III (n=15): Irrigation with PATS ( InnovationsEndo,India), Group IV (n=15): Irrigation with ultrasonic tips (Mani inc.). Teeth were split and one-half of each tooth was chosen for SEM examination.  The images were taken at apical third and scoring was done according to criteria by Torabinejad et al in 2003. Data obtained were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance followed by Mann–Whitney U-test for individual comparison. RESULTS: All irrigating systems remove smear layer but PUI has better cleaning ability as compared to other groups. CONCLUSION: Passive ultrasonic irrigation shows better smear layer removal as compared to other techniques

scholarly journals Use of vitamin C in delayed tooth replantation

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sônia Regina Panzarini ◽  
Antônio César Perri de Carvalho ◽  
Wilson Roberto Poi ◽  
Celso Koogi Sonoda
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Root Surfaces

This study evaluated microscopically the effects of root surface treatment with three different solutions in delayed rat teeth replantation. Central incisors from 30 rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus Wistar) were extracted and left on a bench for 6 h. The pulps were extirpated and root canals were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite. After endodontic treatment, the root surfaces of all teeth were submitted to a 10-min treatment with 1% sodium hypochlorite, changed every 5 min. The teeth were then rinsed with saline for 10 min and assigned to 3 groups with ten specimens each. Groups I, II and III were treated, respectively, with 2% acidulated-phosphate sodium fluoride, vitamin C solution and effervescent vitamin C (2 g, Redoxon®). After root surface treatment, the teeth were filled with calcium hydroxide and replanted. The animals were sacrificed after 10 and 60 days. Group I (fluoride) presented the largest areas of replacement resorption and ankylosis. Comparing both vitamin C groups, Group III (effervescent vitamin C) yielded better results, showing more areas of ankylosis and replacement resorption than areas of inflammatory resorption.

scholarly journals The differences in root canal smear layer removal between 6,25% pineapple (Ananas comocus L. Merr.) peel extract and 17% Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Nirawati Pribadi ◽  
Karlina Samadi ◽  
Meliavita N. K. Astuti ◽  
Hendy J. Kurniawan ◽  
Adelina K. Tandadjaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Peel Extract

Background: The smear layer is attached to dentine and occludes the orifice and, consequently, must be removed in order to improve the success of inroot canal treatment. The ideal irrigation material removes both the organic and inorganic smear layers. Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) is one of the most commonly used root canal irrigation materials, but removes only inorganic smear layer. To overcome this problem, Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) peel extract, which contains saponins, bromelain, polyphenol and flavonoid, is used during root canal irrigation. Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the difference in smear layer removal between the use of 6.25% pineapple peel extract and 17% EDTA. Methods: 27 samples of mandibular premolar teeth with straight root canals were divided randomly into three groups (n = 9) and subsequently prepared using protaper. Irrigation was performed on the control group (aquadest), group I (17% EDTA) and group II (6.25% pineapple peel extract). The samples were dried, temporarily compressed and cut horizontally from the apical to the coronal. Samples were fixed with holder before the smear layer was observed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The resulting data was analyzed by means of an ANOVA test. Results: The highest score of root canal hygiene was recorded by group II, followed by group I and, finally, the control group. There were significant differences between the groups (p< 0.000). Conclusion: 6.25% pineapple peel extract produces a higher smear layer removal effect than 17%EDTA on the apical 1/3 of the root canal.

scholarly journals Effects of Citric Acid and EDTA on Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces: A SEM Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunkara Shree Ramalinga Prasad ◽  
Chitturi Radharani ◽  
Siddhartha Varma ◽  
SV Kiran Kumar ◽  
Soumya Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dentinal Tubule ◽  
Root Planing ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hand Instrumentation ◽  
Root Surfaces

ABSTRACT Aim Root debridement by scaling and root planing may not completely remove contaminated cementum particularly in more apical areas. The smear layer formed during root planing inhibits cell migration and attachment leading to impaired marginal periodontal healing. The present study was done to compare the morphological effects of root surface demineralization using citric acid and EDTA as root-conditioning agents. Materials and methods Thirty fragments of human dental roots previously exposed to periodontal disease were scaled and randomly divided into the following groups of treatment: Group I: Hand instrumentation and conditioning with normal saline for 5 minutes as control; group II: Hand instrumentation and conditioning with citric acid (pH 1) for 5 minutes and group III: Hand instrumentation and conditioning with EDTA (pH-7.4) for 5 minutes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to check for the presence of residual smear layer and for measuring the number and area of exposed dentin tubules. Results The mean efficacy of smear layer removal was compared between groups I and II, groups I and III and groups II and III, it was found to be statistically significant at 5%. When the mean diameter of the dentinal tubules and mean total surface area occupied by the dentinal tubule orifices was compared between groups II and III it was found to be statistically significant at 1% level of significance. Conclusion Citric acid causes greater degree of morphological alterations than EDTA and is considered to be a better rootconditioning agent. However, the use of EDTA cannot be ruled out. Clinical significance This study supports the hypothesis that demineralizing agents can be used as an adjunct to the periodontal treatment aiming at restoring the biocompatibility of roots and helps in choosing an appropriate agent for root conditioning. How to cite this article Prasad SSR, Radharani C, Varma S, Kumar SVK, Sinha S, Bijle MNA. Effects of Citric Acid and EDTA on Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces: A SEM study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):446-451.

scholarly journals A scanning electron microscopy study of root surface smear layer removal after topical application of EDTA plus a detergent

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Cezar Sampaio ◽  
Flávia Pavan Campos ◽  
Gibson Luiz Pilatti ◽  
Letícia Helena Theodoro ◽  
Fábio Renato Manzolli Leite
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of the present study was to compare root surface smear layer removal following topical application of EDTA and EDTA-T (Texapon). Extracted human teeth had their cementum removed and were mechanically scaled. A total of 220 root specimens were obtained and were randomly assigned to the following groups: I-saline solution (control), II-EDTA; III-EDTA-T. Groups II and III specimens were assigned to different EDTA gel concentrations: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 24%. Smear layer removal score was assessed for each specimen by scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that EDTA and EDTA-T gel led to a higher root surface smear layer removal when compared to the control group. The 5% EDTA gel also showed a higher smear layer removal than the 15%, 20% and 24% EDTA gels (p<0.05). No difference could be found between the different concentrations of EDTA-T gels tested (p>0.05). EDTA gels had statistically significantly lower smear layer scores than the EDTA-T gels for the 5% and 10% concentrations. The results suggested that topical application of EDTA or EDTA-T gel led to significant smear layer removal of the mechanically treated root surfaces. The addition of a detergent to the EDTA gel formula did not improve smear layer removal of the root surface.

scholarly journals Effect of the Association between Citric Acid and EDTA on Root Surface Etching

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Renato Manzolli Leite ◽  
Gustavo Giacomelli Nascimento ◽  
Elza Regina Manzolli Leite ◽  
Amauri Antiquera Leite ◽  
José Eduardo Cezar Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Surface Etching ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Root Surfaces

ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to compare the clot stabilization on root surfaces conditioned with citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Materials and methods Scaled root samples (n = 100) were set in five groups: group I–control group (saline solution); group II (24% EDTA); group III (25% citric acid); group IV (EDTA + citric acid); group V (citric acid + EDTA). Fifty samples were assessed using the root surface modification index (RSMI). The other 50 received a blood drop after conditioning. Clot formation was assessed using blood elements adhesion index (BEAI). A blind examiner evaluated photomicrographs. Statistical analysis considered p < 0.05. Results Groups-III and G-V attained the best results for RSMI and BEAI in comparison to control. The worst results for clot stabilization were seen in group-II. EDTA employment before citric acid (group-IV) reduced clot formation in comparison to citric acid use alone (group-III). Conclusion Root conditioning with citric acid alone and before EDTA had the best results for smear layer removal and clot stabilization. EDTA inhibited clot stabilization on root surface and must have a residual activity once it has diminished clot adhesion to root even after citric acid conditioning. Thus, EDTA can be used to neutralize citric acid effects on periodontal cells without affecting clot stabilization. Clinical significance To demonstrate that citric acid use on root surfaces previously affected by periodontal disease may favor clot stabilization and may have a beneficial effect on surgical outcomes. Also, EDTA can be used to neutralize citric acid effects on periodontal cells. How to cite this article Leite FRM, Nascimento GG, Leite ERM, Leite AA, Sampaio JEC. Effect of the Association between Citric Acid and EDTA on Root Surface Etching. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):796-800.

scholarly journals Blood Cells Attachment after Root Conditioning and PRP Application: An in vitro Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Renato Manzolli Leite ◽  
José Eduardo Cezar Sampaio ◽  
Lucas Amaral Fontanari ◽  
Eduardo de Paula Ishi ◽  
Daniela Leal Zandim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Layer Removal

ABSTRACT Aim Root conditioning is aimed at smear layer removal and at dental matrix collagen exposure, which may promote periodontal regeneration. This in vitro study assessed smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and the influence of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) application on adhesion of blood cells to the root surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods Scaled root samples (n = 160) were set in five groups and conditioned with: group I – control group (saline solution); group II (EDTA 24%); group III (citric acid 25%); group IV (tetracycline hydrochloride 50 mg/ml); group V (sodium citrate 30%). Eighty samples were assessed using the root surface modification index (RSMI). The other eighty samples were set in two groups. The first group (n = 40) received PRP gel application with a soft brush and the second group (n = 40) received PRP application and then a blood drop. The fibrin clot formation was assessed in the first group and the blood cells adhesion was assessed in the second group using the BEAI (blood elements adhesion index). A previously trained, calibrated, and blind examiner evaluated photomicrographs. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis's and Dunn's tests. Results Group III attained the best results for RSMI and BEAI. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation. Conclusion Citric acid was the most efficient conditioner for smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and blood cell adhesion. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation after PRP application. Clinical significance This study demonstrated that root conditioning followed by PRP application may favor blood cell adhesion on root surface which may optimize periodontal healing. How to cite this article Dantas AAR, Fontanari LA, Ishi EP, Leite FRM, Zandim DL, Abi Rached RSG, Sampaio JEC. Blood Cells Attachment after Root Conditioning and PRP Application: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):332-338.

The Quantitative Ultrastructure of the Heart Muscle of Japanese Quail by Hypergravitation, Hypodynamy and Combination

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Anton Bózner ◽  
Mikuláš Gažo ◽  
Jozef Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Ultrastructure

It is anticipated that Japanese quail /Coturnix coturnix japonica/ will provide animal proteins in long term space flights. Consequently this species of birds is of research interest of international space program INTERCOSMOS. In the year 1987 we reported on an experiment /2/ in which the effect of chronic acceleration of 2 G hypergravitation, the hypodynamy and the simultaneous effect of chronic acceleration and the location in the centre of the turntable of the centrifuge on the protein fractions in skeletal muscles was studied. The ultrastructure of the heart muscle was now in this experiments examined as well.Japanese quail cockerels, aged 48 days were exposed to 2 G hypergravitation /group IV/ in a 6,4 m diameter centrifuge, to hypodynamy /group III/ and their combination /group V/, respectively for 6 days / Fig.1/. The hypodynamy in group III was achieved by suspending the birds in jackets without contact the floor. The group II was located in the centre ofthe turntable of the centrifuge. The control group I. was kept under normal conditions. The quantitative ultrastructure of myocard was evaluated by the methods of Weibel/3/ - this enables to determine the number, relative size and volume of mitochondria volume of single mitochondria, defficiency of mitochondrial cristae and volume of myofibrils.

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