Promoted Crystallization of Silicoaluminophospate Zeolites: an Efficient Way to Accelerates Crystallization Rate and Increases Solid Yield

Ultra-high yield silicoaluminophospate zeolite is reported with a facile and cost-effective acid-assisted method. The lower gel pH due to acid addition enhances the activity of phosphorus species and promotes the...

KARAKTERISTIK MUTU GELATIN CEKER AYAM SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF GELATIN HALAL

<p>Gelatin merupakan bahan tambahan pangan asal hewani yang peranannya cukup penting dalam proses produksi pangan yang berfungsi sebagai pengemulsi, penstabil, memperbaiki tekstur produk pangan, dan pengental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik mutu gelatin ceker ayam yang diekstraksi dengan perlakuan kombinasi basa dan asam. Penelitian didesain menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan jenis pelarut ekstraksi: Perendaman pada NaOH 0,2% dan asam asetat 5% (A); Perendaman pada NaOH 0,1% dan asam sitrat 5% (B); dan Perendaman pada NaOH 1% dan Asam sitrat 5% (C). Analisis produk gelatin meliputi kadar lemak, kadar protein, kekuatan gel, pH,dan kandungan logam. Penggunaan pelarut asam dan basa untuk menghidrolisis ceker ayam menghasilkan gelatin dengan karakteristik mutu yang berbeda nyata (p&lt;0,05). Proses produksi gelatin menggunakan perlakuan perendaman NaOH 0,2% dan asam asetat 5% menunjukkan karakteristik yang paling baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.Gelatin tersebut mempunyai karakteristik yang memenuhi standar SNI gelatin (06-3735:1995) dan lebih baik dibandingkan gelatin komersial.</p>

Synthesis of Rare Earth Metal Oxides Based on Monasite Sand with pH Variations

In the island of Bangka Belitung, the presence of monazite is quite abundant, monazite minerals contain rare earth metals. Rare Earth Metals are groups of elements that have similar properties, for example neodymium, cerium, lanthanum, and others. Rare earth metal applications are very potential in various fields. In this research, the synthesis of rare earth metals by sol gel method at pH variations of 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 was carried out. In this case, only changes in the levels of P2O5, La2O3, CeO2, and Nd2O3 compounds were observed. The results showed an increase in levels of rare earth metals. This is indicated by the increase in La2O3 levels by 4,421% from the initial level at pH 7.5 CeO2 which has increased levels by 7,166% at pH 7.5, and Nd2O3 which has increased levels of 5.116% at pH 6.5. On the other hand, of P2O5 has decreased significantly (22.037%) Keyword: Monasite, Rare Earth, Sol Gel, pH

Pengaruh pH Terhadap Stabilitas Alpha Arbutin dalam Gel Niosom

Alpha arbutin merupakan salah satu agen pencerah kulit yang terdegradasi dalam sediaan larutan pada pH kurang dari 3,0 dan pH lebih dari 6,5. Sistem penghantaran niosom dapat meningkatkan stabilitas alpha arbutin dalam sediaan gel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pH terhadap stabilitas gel niosom alpha arbutin. Uji stabilitas dilakukan menggunakan formulasi gel alpha arbutin dan gel niosom alpha arbutin yang dibuat dalam pH sediaan 6, 7 dan 8 selama 28 hari. Pengukuran kadar alpha arbutin menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu kadaluarsa gel alpha arbutin dengan sistem niosom lebih lama dibandingkan tanpa sistem niosom pada setiap pH. Sediaan gel niosom alpha arbutin dan gel alpha arbutin pada pH 7 memiliki kestabilan lebih baik daripada sediaan gel pH 6 dan 8. Gel niosom alpha arbutin dan gel alpha arbutin pada pH 7 tidak mengalami perubahan organoleptis selama penyimpanan 28 hari. Hasil uji analisis Independent-Sampel T Test dengan nilai p<0,05 menunjukkan pada pH 7 berbeda signifikan antara formula gel alpha arbutin dan gel niosom alpha arbutin. Waktu kadaluarsa sediaan gel alpha arbutin pH 7 dengan sistem niosom dan tanpa sistem niosom masing-masing selama 24 hari dan 14 hari. Kesimpulannya adalah sistem niosom dapat meningkatkan stabilitas alpha arbutin pada rentang pH yang diteliti.

Formulasi Hand Sanitizer dari Ekstrak Biji Pangi (Pangium edule Reinw)

Pangi seeds contain flavonoids and are proven to have an antibacterial effect, though they are still used in a traditional way within the community. There is a need for it to be developed into a formula that is more practical and durable, such as Hand sanitizer. The purpose of this research is to formulate the preparation of Hand sanitizer from Pangi Seed Extract (Pangium edule Reinw). The seeds were extracted by maceration using distilled water and made into Hand sanitizer gel using TEA, Glycerin, Nipagin, and Aquades. The variations in the concentration of carbohydrate and sodium CMC base were 0.25%: 2%; 0.5%: 3%; 0.75%: 4%. The results showed that all three preparations before and after storage were homogeneous, pale yellow, and odorless. Besides, the viscosity of the gel ranges from 242471-4151 cP, but changes after storage. However, gel pH ranges from 5-6 and does not change after storage. In all the three preparations, no synergy occurred, and their spreadability ranged from 5cm to 7.5cm, undergoing changes after storage. This study concludes that the Pangi Seed extract might be formulated into a gel preparation with a Carbopol: Sodium CMC base concentration of 0.5%: 3% and meets all quality requirements.Keywords: Pangi Seed, Gel, Carbopol, Na. CMC, Hand sanitizer.Biji Pangi mengandung flavonoid serta terbukti memiliki efek antibakteri, namun penggunaannya oleh masyarakat masih secara tradisional sehingga perlu dikembangkan menjadi formula yang lebih praktis digunakan, dan lebih tahan lama seperti Hand sanitizer. Tujuan penelitian untuk memformulasikan sediaan Hand sanitizer dari ekstrak Biji Pangi (Pangium edule Reinw). Biji Pangi diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut akuades dan dibuat menjadi gel Hand sanitizer menggunakan TEA, Gliserin, Nipagin, Akuades serta variasi konsentrasi basis Karbopol dan Natrium CMC yaitu 0,25%:2% ; 0,5%:3% ; 0,75%:4%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga sediaan sebelum dan setelah penyimpanan homogen, berwarna kuning pucat, dan tidak berbau. Kekentalan gel berkisar`2471-4151 cP, tapi mengalami perubahan setelah penyimpanan. pH gel berkisar 5-6, tidak berubah setelah penyimpanan. Tidak terjadi sineresi pada ketiga sediaan. Daya sebar ketiga sediaan berkisar 5cm-7,5cm, mengalami perubahan setelah penyimpanan. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak Biji Pangi dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan gel dengan konsentrasi basis Karbopol: Natrium CMC yaitu 0,5% : 3% dan memenuhi semua persyaratan mutu.Kata Kunci : Biji Pangi, Gel, Karbopol, Na. CMC, Hand sanitizer.

Hydrogel Formulation of Usnic Acid and Antibacterial Activity Test Against Propionibacterium acne

Usnic acid is known for its remarkable antimicrobial activity. The aim of this research was to formulate hydrogel of usnic acid and evaluate the antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne. Due to low solubility of usnic acid, solid dispersion was prepared using PVP K-30. In this study, intact usnic acid (UA) and usnic acid-solid dispersion (UA-SD) was formulated in hydrogel using several gelling agents: Aqupec HV-505, sodium alginate and HPMC K 100M. Concentration of each gelling agent was optimized for hydrogel base. All of hydrogel base showed homogenous gel, pH at range 5.37–6.33 and viscosity in range 259.07–10,759.00 cps. Hydrogel was prepared by dispersing 1% intact UA and 3% UA-SD in three different gelling agents. The hydrogel was evaluated for pH, viscosity, stability test for two months and microbiology test. The amount of usnic acid in hydrogel was determined by spectrophotometry UV-Vis. Hydrogel UA showed non-homogenous gel, while hydrogel usnic UA-SD was homogenous. The pH of all hydrogel was in range 5.5–6.4 and viscosity was 2,017.03–3,866.52 cps. All the hydrogel was stable and diameter inhibition of hydrogel was in a range 20–32 mm. The amount of usnic acid in hydrogel was in range 96.9–99.23%. In conclusion, hydrogel UA-SD is promising preparation in handling acne.

Extração e caracterização de gelatina de subprodutos suínos

A carne suína representa aproximadamente 40% do total de carne consumida pelo homem, colocando-a como principal fonte de proteína animal na dieta da população. As questões relacionadas ao meio ambiente, como o aproveitamento dos resíduos industriais, consolidam-se como uma preocupação crescente, sendo a recuperação de subprodutos de abatedouros uma opção importante, além de economicamente rentável, contribuindo para diminuir os impactos no meio ambiente. Em busca de alternativas viáveis para aproveitar os subprodutos de origem animal, tem-se a produção de hidrolisados proteicos, extração de colágeno e gelatina. A gelatina é uma proteína derivada da hidrólise parcial do colágeno animal, contido em ossos e peles, principalmente de suínos e bovinos. Neste estudo foram testados quatro métodos para extração de gelatina a partir do pé e couro provenientes de suínos, sendo dois deles selecionados para as caracterizações de umidade, proteínas, lipídeos, rendimento, força do gel, pH e viscosidade. As gelatinas obtidas apresentaram baixo teor de umidade e lipídeos, estando em conformidade com a legislação. As análises reológicas demonstraram que todas as gelatinas, tanto as extraídas do couro quanto as do pé, possuem comportamento pseudoplástico. Em relação ao teor proteico, estas apresentaram teores de 81 a 99% e Bloom de médio a alto (187 a 289g). Pode-se concluir que a gelatina extraída do couro obteve maiores teores proteicos e Bloom mais elevado, tanto em comparação com a gelatina obtida do pé suíno como as comparadas com a literatura, obtidas a partir de outras matérias primas animais, mostrando-se um ótimo meio de aproveitamento deste resíduo.

Influence of Sol-Gel pH and Soaking Time on the Morphology, Phases and Grain Size of TiO2 Coating

Titanium oxide, (TiO2), can exist in three distinct crystallographic phases known as anatase, rutile, and brookite. Brookite, however, is the least known TiO2 phases and usually exists as byproduct during synthesising rutile or anatase. Therefore, in this study, the influence of sol-gel pH and soaking time on surface morphology, phases and grain size of TiO2 coating were investigated in an attempt to develop brookite thin film. Titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTiP) is used as precursor for preparing TiO2 sols. Prior to heating, TiO2 layers were deposited on a glass slide by dipping it five times into TiO2 sols. The TiO2 layers were then heated at 450°C and soaked for 1 and 3 hours to form TiO2 coating. Analysis on the phases and grain size were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TiO2 surface morphology was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results showed that brookite phase with grain size of 27.40 nm successfully deposited on glass slide from sols with pH12. Conversely, the TiO2 coatings deposited from sols of pH1 and pH7 are amorphous. The effect of soaking time on phases and grain size is insignificant but enhances coatings uniformity as the soaking time increased. Thus, it can be concluded that sol-gel pH affect TiO2 crystallinity and phases. Brookite film is develop only when the TiO2 sols is in bases condition or at higher pH value.

Identificação dos mecanismos de sorção em zeólita NaY e sílica gel

RESUMO O estudo do mecanismo de sorção e da influência do pH inicial da solução em materiais sólidos se faz necessário, pois o simples fato de alterar o valor de pH da solução pode alterar a capacidade de sorção de um adsorvato. Foi avaliada a sorção dos íons Ca2+ e Mg2+ em três valores de pH dependendo do ponto de carga zero (pHPCZ) em zeólita NaY ou sílica gel (pH < pHPCZ; pH = pHPCZ; pH > pHPCZ). Foi obtida a cinética de sorção e ajustados os modelos de pseudo-primeira ordem, pseudo-segunda ordem e difusão intrapartícula dos íons nos dois materiais de estudo. Na zeólita NaY o valor de pH que obteve maior capacidade de sorção foi o 4,3 (pH < pHPCZ) e o modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem obteve um melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais. Neste material a quantidade adsorvida é pequena quando comparada à troca iônica. Enquanto, na sílica gel a maior capacidade de sorção se deu no valor de pH de 6,7 (pH > pHPCZ) e o modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais também foi o de pseudo-segunda ordem, concluindo-se que a adsorção é o principal mecanismo de sorção.