scholarly journals Histological and histochemical aspects of the penial glands of Girardia biapertura Sluys, 1997 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola)

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. SOUZA ◽  
A. M. LEAL-ZANCHET
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Cell ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Median Region

Girardia biapertura was described with sperm ducts penetrating the penis bulb, subsequently opening separately at the tip of the penis papilla and receiving the abundant secretion of penial glands. In the present work, the penial glands of this species have been histologically and histochemically analysed, and four types of secretory cells are distinguished. The openings of the penial glands into the intrabulbar and intrapapillar sperm ducts, designated here as intrapenial ducts, allow for the distinction between three histologically differentiated regions. The most proximal region possibly corresponds to the bulbar cavity of other freshwater triclads whereas the median and distal portions correspond to the ejaculatory duct. The proximal region of the intrapenial ducts receives mainly the openings of a secretory cell type (type I) that produces a proteinaceous secretion. A second type of secretory cell (type II) that secretes neutral mucopolyssacharides opens into the median region of the intrapenial ducts. The distal portion of the ducts receives two types of secretory cells (types III and IV) which secret glycoprotein and glycosaminoglycans, respectively. Types III and IV open also directly into the male atrium through the epithelium of the penis papilla. A comparison with the results presented here and those of other authors for species of Girardia is provided and the importance of the study of the penial glands for taxonomic characterisation of freshwater triclads is emphasised.

scholarly journals Altered Hemodynamics Associated with Pathogenesis of the Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysms

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akira Kurata ◽  
Sachio Suzuki ◽  
Kazuhisa Iwamoto ◽  
Kuniaki Nakahara ◽  
Katsutoshi Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Vertebral Artery Dissection ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Dissecting Aneurysms

The etiology of the vertebral dissecting aneurysms is largely unknown, and they frequently occurs in relatively healthy young men.Objectives and Methods. A series of 57 consecutive cases defined by angiography were evaluated with regard to deviation in the course of the affected and contralateral vertebral arteries. Division was into 3 types: Type I without any deviation, Type II with mild-to-moderate deviation but not over the midline; and Type III with marked deviation over to the contralateral side beyond the midline.Results. The most frequent type of VA running was Type III for the affected and Type I nonaffected side, with this being found in all 17 patients except one. All of the Type III dissections occurred just proximal to a tortuous portion, while in cases with Type-I- and Type-II-affected sides, the majority (33 of 39) occurred near the union of the vertebral artery. In 10 of 57, a non-dominant side was affected, all except one being of Type I or II. With 12 recent patients assessed angiographically in detail for hemodynamics, eleven patients showed contrast material retrograde inflowing into the pseudolumen from the distal portion of the dissection site. Turbulent blood flow was recognized in all of these patients with retrograde inflow.Conclusions. Turbulent blood flow is one etiology of vertebral artery dissection aneurysms, with the sites in the majority of the cases being just proximal to a tortuous portion or union of vessels. In cases with dissection proximal to the tortuous course of the vertebral artery, retrograde inflow will occur more frequently than antegrade, which should be taken into account in designing therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Histological and histochemical characterization of the secretory cells of Choeradoplana iheringi Graff, 1899 (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola)

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (3a) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. de Souza ◽  
A. M. Leal-Zanchet
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Cell ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Mucous Secretion ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time ◽  
Histochemical Characterization

The present study aims at providing a detailed description of the histology, as well as the first histochemical characterization, of the secretory cells of the epidermis, pharynx, and copulatory organs of Choeradoplana iheringi, in order to give further support to studies on the physiology of these organs. The secretory cells are distinguished on the basis of secretion morphology and its staining properties, using trichrome methods and histochemical reactions. Four cell types open through the epidermis of Ch. iheringi, three of them secreting basic protein and a fourth containing glycosaminoglycan mucins. The epidermal lining cells store glycogen. In the pharynx, four secretory cell types were distinguished. Two types produce glycoprotein, a third type secretes basic protein, and another one produces glycosaminoglycan mucins. In the male copulatory organs, the prostatic vesicle receives four secretory cell types containing basic protein, except for one type which produces glycoprotein. The two secretory cell types opening into the male atrium secrete, respectively, glycoprotein, and glycosaminoglycan mucins. In the female copulatory organs, the female atrium and its proximal diverticulum, the vagina, receive two types of secretory cells producing, respectively, basic protein and glycosaminoglycan mucins. Another secretory cell type constitutes the so-called shell glands which open into the common glandular duct, secreting basic protein. The lining cells of the male and female atria produce a mucous secretion containing glycosaminoglycans. In addition, the lining epithelium of the female atrium presents an apical secretion of a proteic nature. The occurrence of a kind of spermatophore is reported for the first time for a species of Choeradoplana. This structure is located in the male or female atria in different specimens, and characterized by erythrophil, xanthophil, and/or mixed secretions associated with sperm.

Cell-type-specific and site-specific N-glycosylation of type I and type II human tissue plasminogen activator

Biochemistry ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 7644-7662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj B. Parekh ◽  
Raymond A. Dwek ◽  
Jerry R. Thomas ◽  
Ghislain Opdenakker ◽  
Thomas W. Rademacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Cell Type Specific

scholarly journals Micromorphology and histochemistry of leaf trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca (Lamiaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
Snezana Budimir ◽  
Ana Alimpic ◽  
Petar Marin ◽  
Sheef Al ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Trichome

We performed a comprehensive study of trichomes considering the medicinal importance of the essential oils produced in glandular trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca L. and lack of data about leaf trichome characteristics. Micromorphological and histochemical analyses of the trichomes of S. aegyptiaca were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. We report that the leaves contained abundant non-glandular unbranched trichomes and two types of glandular trichomes, peltate and capitate, on both leaf surfaces. The abaxial leaf side was covered with numerous peltate and capitate trichomes, while capitate trichomes were more abundant on the adaxial leaf side, where peltate trichomes were rarely observed. The non-glandular trichomes were unicellular papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, two-to-six-celled, erect or slightly leaning toward the epidermis. Peltate trichomes were composed of a basal cell, a short cylindrical stalk cell and a broad head of eight secretory cells arranged in a single circle. Capitate trichomes consisted of a one-celled glandular head, subtended by a stalk of variable length, and classified into two types: capitate trichomes type I (or short-stalked glandular trichomes) and capitate trichomes type II (or long-stalked glandular trichomes). Histochemical tests showed that the secreted material in all types of S. aegyptiaca glandular trichomes was of a complex nature. Positive reactions to lipids for both types of glandular trichomes were obtained, with especially abundant secretion observed in peltate and capitate trichomes type II.

Architecture of the Mouse Utricle: Macular Organization and Hair Bundle Heights

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 718-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Li ◽  
J. Xue ◽  
E. H. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Vestibular Hair Cells ◽  
Utricular Macula

Hair bundles are critical to mechanotransduction by vestibular hair cells, but quantitative data are lacking on vestibular bundles in mice or other mammals. Here we quantify bundle heights and their variation with macular locus and hair cell type in adult mouse utricular macula. We also determined that macular organization differs from previous reports. The utricle has ∼3,600 hair cells, half on each side of the line of polarity reversal (LPR). A band of low hair cell density corresponds to a band of calretinin-positive calyces, i.e., the striola. The relation between the LPR and the striola differs from previous reports in two ways. First, the LPR lies lateral to the striola instead of bisecting it. Second, the LPR follows the striolar trajectory anteriorly, but posteriorly it veers from the edge of the striola to reach the posterior margin of the macula. Consequently, more utricular bundles are oriented mediolaterally than previously supposed. Three hair cell classes are distinguished in calretinin-stained material: type II hair cells, type ID hair cells contacting calretinin-negative (dimorphic) afferents, and type IC hair cells contacting calretinin-positive (calyceal) afferents. They differ significantly on most bundle measures. Type II bundles have short stereocilia. Type IC bundles have kinocilia and stereocilia of similar heights, i.e., KS ratios (ratio of kinocilium to stereocilia heights) ∼1, unlike other receptor classes. In contrast to these class-specific differences, bundles show little regional variation except that KS ratios are lowest in the striola. These low KS ratios suggest that bundle stiffness is greater in the striola than in the extrastriola.

Type II interleukin-1 receptor is not expressed in cultured endothelial cells and is not involved in endothelial cell activation

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1347-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Colotta ◽  
M Sironi ◽  
A Borre ◽  
T Pollicino ◽  
S Bernasconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Endothelial Cell Activation ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Interleukin-1 (IL-1) profoundly affects a number of functions of endothelial cells (EC). It was previously shown that EC express the type I 80-Kd IL-1 receptor (IL-1 RI). In this study we define the expression and functional significance of the type II IL-1R (IL-1 RII) in EC. Human umbilical vein EC did not express appreciable levels of IL- 1 RII mRNA as assessed by Northern analysis or reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Exposure to various cytokines (including IL-4, which augments IL-1 RII in neutrophils) failed to induce IL-1 RII mRNA. The binding of radiolabeled IL-1 beta to EC was blocked by antitype I (M4) but not by antitype II (M22) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). MoAbs directed against the IL-1 RI (M1 and M4) inhibited the induction of IL-6 and adhesion molecules in EC by IL-1, whereas an anti- IL-1 RII (M22) was inactive. The human IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL- 1ra) preferentially interacts with IL-1 RI versus IL-1 RII in the mouse. IL-1 ra inhibited the response of mouse endothelial cells to IL- 1. We conclude that EC selectively express the IL-1 RI and that this is involved in the response of this cell type to IL-1.

Seasonal changes in the structure and secretory activity of the androgenic gland of Travancoriana schirnerae

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arath Devi ◽  
Moorkoth Smija
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Androgenic Gland ◽  
Active Season

AbstractThis study investigated the seasonal variation in the structure and secretory activity of the androgenic gland (AG) in the freshwater crab: Travancoriana schirnerae. The androgenic gland is an elongate structure, attached to one side on the wall of the ejaculatory duct. Histological studies showed the presence of three cell types, which differ in size, shape of nuclei, and presence or absence of secretory vesicles. Type I cells are small with large nuclei whereas type II cells are large with small nuclei. Type III cells are intermediate in size and exhibited streak-like nuclei and transparent cytoplasm. Seasonal changes were discerned in the morphology, histology and secretory activity of the gland. March-June appeared to be the active season with type II cells containing secretory vesicles. The mode of release of secretion found to be holocrine. The secretory activity almost completed by July-August (the mating season) with vacuolization of type II cells. The gland remained inactive from September-December with abundance of vacuoles, scattered pycnotic nuclei, indistinct cell membranes and total cellular degeneration. January-February was the revival period with type I cell proliferation. The present study revealed that the secretory activity of the gland is in tune with the male reproductive cycle.

scholarly journals Type II interleukin-1 receptor is not expressed in cultured endothelial cells and is not involved in endothelial cell activation

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1347-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Colotta ◽  
M Sironi ◽  
A Borre ◽  
T Pollicino ◽  
S Bernasconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Endothelial Cell Activation ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) profoundly affects a number of functions of endothelial cells (EC). It was previously shown that EC express the type I 80-Kd IL-1 receptor (IL-1 RI). In this study we define the expression and functional significance of the type II IL-1R (IL-1 RII) in EC. Human umbilical vein EC did not express appreciable levels of IL- 1 RII mRNA as assessed by Northern analysis or reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Exposure to various cytokines (including IL-4, which augments IL-1 RII in neutrophils) failed to induce IL-1 RII mRNA. The binding of radiolabeled IL-1 beta to EC was blocked by antitype I (M4) but not by antitype II (M22) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). MoAbs directed against the IL-1 RI (M1 and M4) inhibited the induction of IL-6 and adhesion molecules in EC by IL-1, whereas an anti- IL-1 RII (M22) was inactive. The human IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL- 1ra) preferentially interacts with IL-1 RI versus IL-1 RII in the mouse. IL-1 ra inhibited the response of mouse endothelial cells to IL- 1. We conclude that EC selectively express the IL-1 RI and that this is involved in the response of this cell type to IL-1.

The Hypobranchial Gland in Morula Granulata (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Srilakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Median Region ◽  
Marginal Zones

The hypobranchial gland ofMorula gramilata (Duclos) has been morphologically and histochemically characterized. The marginal zones of the gland have mucocytes and eosinophil cells while the median region has in addition ciliated cells and gland cells. Neurosensory cells are also present. Two types of mucous cells have been identified. Type I secrete a diastase-resistant, neutral mucopolysaccharide, while type II secrete PAS unreactive, strongly acidic and highly sulphated mucins. Exposure to low temperatures, ultraviolet rays and irritants resulted in the production of a purple dye.

Electroneutral NaCl transport by distal tubule: evidence for Na+/H+-Cl-/HCO3- exchange

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
pp. F80-F86 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Perfusion Fluid ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Nacl Transport ◽  
Sites Of Action

The mechanisms, of electrolyte transport by isolated and perfused late distal tubules of the salamander, Amphiuma, were investigated by electrophysiological and transport techniques. The tubules absorbed Na+, HCO3-, and Cl- but not K+. The transepithelial voltage (VT) was not different from zero. Amiloride (10(-3) M) in the perfusion fluid reduced sodium absorption by 43% and HCO3- absorption by 49% without changing VT. This and previous data are consistent with the presence of a Na+/H+ antiporter in the apical membrane. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, 10(-4) M) in the perfusion fluid inhibited Na+ absorption by 48% but had no effect on HCO3- absorption or VT. Thus HCTZ reduced NaCl absorption. Intracellular microelectrode techniques were used to examine the cellular mechanisms of ion transport and sites of action of amiloride and HCTZ. Two cell types were identified by their electrophysiological properties. Neither amiloride nor HCTZ appreciably altered the electrical properties of cell type I, a cell previously identified as being involved in H+ secretion. In contrast, both diuretics hyperpolarized the basolateral membrane voltage (Vbl) of cell type II. Additional studies of cell type II showed that the removal of Cl- from the lumen hyperpolarized Vbl, as did the addition to the lumen of the Cl-/HCO3- exchange inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2-2'-disulphonic acid. Finally, reducing the [HCO3-] of the lumen depolarized Vbl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document