Compared leaf anatomy of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae) species from Brazilian flood plain

Nymphaea has seven species already catalogued in the flood prone areas of the Brazilian Pantanal. However, some species remain difficult to identify and descriptions of the anatomy of vegetative organs are an important tool for infrageneric separation to aid in group taxonomy. The species collected in the Pantanal and prepared according to the usual techniques for anatomical studies showed similar structural characteristics, and data on the arrangement of vascular bundles in the midrib and petiole, as well as the form and distribution of sclereids, were consistent. Nymphaea oxypetala stands out from the other evaluated species for having a greater number of differential characters, including angular collenchyma and the absence of bicollateral bundles in the petiole. Nymphaea lingulata stands out as the only species to feature bicollateral bundles in the leaf blade. The results, summarised in the dichotomous key, facilitate the identification of species that use the flower as the main differentiation, but are in a vegetative stage.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of forage quality of Lathyrus L. Species based on histological characteristics

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.59.2011.1.5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 47-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. Zoric ◽

L. Merkulov ◽

J. Lukovic ◽

P. Boza ◽

B. Krstic

Keyword(s):

Small Proportion ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Forage Quality ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Vegetative Organs ◽

Histological Characteristics ◽

Cultivated Species ◽

Parenchyma Tissue

One of the most important characteristics that determines the quality of forages is their digestibility. Certain structural characteristics of the vegetative organs, such as a high percentage of cells with lignified walls, might limit digestibility. Leaf and stem histological characteristics related to digestibility were examined for nine wild Lathyrus species closely related to cultivated species. The recommended characteristics for plants that could be used as forage on their own are: a small number of stem vascular bundles, a relatively small proportion of stem sclerenchyma and sclerenchymatous parenchyma tissue, thin leaflet cuticle, a small number of leaf vascular bundles, and large mesophyll and epidermal cells. According to the results of the analyses, species with favourable histological characteristics were L. palustris, L. sphaericus and L. aphaca, while the species with the highest proportion of thick-walled cells, unsuitable for use as forage, were L. pratensis, L. niger and L. tuberosus.

Download Full-text

Comparative chemotaxonomic investigations on amaranthus hybridus l. and Amaranthus spinosus L.

Scientia Africana ◽

10.4314/sa.v20i1.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 91-100

Author(s):

C. Wahua ◽

J. Nwikiri

Keyword(s):

Niger Delta ◽

Vascular System ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Stomatal Index ◽

Amaranthus Hybridus ◽

Anatomical Studies ◽

Amaranthus Spinosus ◽

The Family ◽

Phytochemical Studies ◽

Key Words Morphology

The present study is set to investigate the comparative chemotaxonomic investigations on Amaranthus hybridus L. and Amaranthus spinosus L. which belong to the family Amaranthaceae. They are dicots pre-dominantly found in the Niger Delta Tropics, Nigeria. The species are annual erect herbs with flower inflorescences as elongated spikes which are mostly paniculate occurring at ends of branches in globose fashion in axils of leaves.The nodes often have pair of axillary spines. Flowers are small, greenish with male ones at the top while the female ones below the clusters and stem is greenish but often reddish with one-seeded capsule as fruit in Amaranthus spinosus which attains up to 80 ± 20cm in height whereas A. hybridus differ in absence of a pair of axillary spines, the stems are greenish or slightly pinkish which grows up to 100 ± 10cm in height. A. hybridus is more of a vegetable and has alternate phyllotaxi and narrow cuneate base. Fruits from both species are circumscissile capsules and their inflorescences are terminal racemes positioned at their axils with female perianth segments of five. Epidermal studies revealed amphistomatic stomata which is anisocytic type for both species. The stomatal index for A. spinosus adaxial foliar epidermis is 20% and the abaxial 20% whereas for A. hybridus adaxial is 20% and abaxial foliar stomatal index of 20%. Anatomical studies revealed open vascular system, collenchyma dominating the hypodermis while parenchyma occupied the general cortex and pith regions. A. hybridus has more vascular bundles and trichomes, and wider pith than A. spinosus. Phytochemical studies showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids are present in A. spinosus while alkaloids were absent only in A. hybridus. This may be the reason why A. spinosus is used more in tradomedicine than A.hybridus which served more as vegetable. Key Words: Morphology, Anatomy, Phytochemistry, Amaranthus, Amaranthaceae

Download Full-text

DIVERSITY OF GRACILARIACEAE (RHODOPHYTA) IN BRAZIL: INTEGRATING MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DATA

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 496 (1) ◽

pp. 1-53

Author(s):

GOIA DE MATTOS LYRA ◽

JOSÉ MARCOS DE CASTRO NUNES ◽

EDILENE MARIA DOS SANTOS PESTANA ◽

JOÃO CARLOS GAMA DE MATOS ◽

TAIARA AGUIAR CAIRES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Value ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Tropical Species ◽

Brazilian Coast ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Mitochondrial Coi ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

Identification Of Species ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

Selection Of Species

The Gracilariaceae comprises 242 mainly tropical species, including some with significant economic value for the food and pharmaceutical industry. Accurate taxonomy is crucial for the selection of species for cultivation. However, species identification is still challenging taxonomists. Nineteen species of Gracilariaceae have so far been referred to the Brazilian coast. We describe this diversity across approximately 32 degrees of latitude, using mitochondrial (COI-5P) and plastid (UPA and rbcL) markers in species delimitation analyses (ABGD and SPN). We provide phylogenetic (based on a concatenated three-genes tree and a taxa rich rbcL tree) and barcoding analyses from a broad and partially original collection combined with morphoanatomical data, including information resulting from analyses of type specimens and topotype material. We identified twenty-five specific entities occurring on the Brazilian coast, including four new species yet to be described. Spermatangial arrangements and aspects of thallus morphology were the most useful characters for species and genera delimitation, while characters based on the anatomy of the cystocarp overlap. Our morphological analyses demonstrate the lack of exclusive characters that justify the recently proposed Gracilariaceae infrafamilial categories, and therefore we use in this work the Gracilaria sensu lato genus concept. We provide descriptions, illustrations and a dichotomous key for the identification of species occurring in Brazil.

Download Full-text

A key to the species of Protogamasellus (Acari: Ascidae), with a new species from the Brazilian Pantanal

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4801.2.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4801 (2) ◽

pp. 343-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MARIANA YAMADA ◽

GILBERTO J. DE MORAES

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Frequent Occurrence ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Soil Mites ◽

Taxonomic Key ◽

Identification Of Species ◽

Brazilian Pantanal ◽

A New Species

A study of soil mites in the Brazilian Pantanal, southwestern Brazil, has shown the frequent occurrence of the genus Protogamasellus, especially in cultivated land. Three species were found in this study, Protogamasellus mica (Athias-Henriot), Protogamasellus sigillophorus Mineiro, Lindquist & Moraes, and a new species, Protogamasellus pantanal n. sp., which is here described. A taxonomic key for the identification of species of the genus was prepared, based on the examination of the type specimens of the new species here described, of specimens of other species found in Brazil in this and previous studies, and on the information found in the literature for other species.

Download Full-text

Anatomical Studies on Several Species of Heliotropium L. in Iran

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb346318 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 35-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maryam ABBASI ◽

Farideh ATTAR ◽

Farrokh GHAHREMANI NEJAD

Keyword(s):

Endemic Species ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Anatomical Studies ◽

Blade Number ◽

Centre Of Origin ◽

Adaptive Value ◽

Anatomical Characters ◽

Warm Temperate ◽

Independent Species

Heliotropium spp. is distributed worldwide mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, with dry and warm temperate to semi-arid regions so that Southwest and center of Asia have considered as the main centre of origin and diversity of Heliotropium genus. Iran, with 32 species and 14 (sub) endemic species, has the highest diversity in the world followed by Pakistan and Turkey with 15 species and only one endemic species and the Arabian Peninsula with 15 species and three endemic species are in the next ranks. In order to anatomical studies on Heliotropium, twelve species of this genus were selected from different regions of Iran. The selected species included: H. bacciferum Forssk., H. ramossisimum BGE., H. brevilimb Boiss., H. transoxanum BGE., H. dasycarpum Ledeb, H. dyginum Forssk., H. aucheri Dc., H. carmanicum BGE. As perennial group and H. ellipticum Ledeb., H. lasiocarpum Fisch., H. suaveolens M.B. as annual group. In order to add more data to leaf anatomy characters, evaluating of systematic relevance and/or adaptive value of the morphological and anatomical diversity we have studied 24 anatomical characters in theses 12 species. For example shape and vascular bundles of main midrib, type of parenchyma cells located under lower epidermis of midrib, distance between vascular bundles and lower or upper epidermis, angle of between two parts of blade, number of cellular layers in lower or upper mesophylla, length of upper and lower mesophylla, type of cell wall in lower and upper mesophylla and thickness of lamina were investigated in this study. In order to this present obtained H. aucheri can be separated from H. carmanicum in H. aucheri subsp. carmanicum. It can be conclude that two species H. aucheri and H. carmanicum are independent species and can accept H. transoxanum as a sub group of H. dasycarpum.

Download Full-text

Taxonomic significance of some leaf anatomical features of the species of Annona L. (annonaceae) from Nigeria

Ife Journal of Science ◽

10.4314/ijs.v22i1.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 101-112

Author(s):

S.A. Adeniran ◽

A.B. Kadiri ◽

J.D. Olowokudejo

Keyword(s):

Vascular Bundles ◽

Taxonomic Significance ◽

Anticlinal Wall ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

The Mean ◽

Generic Constant ◽

Existing Data

A comparative study of the some leaf anatomical features of four species of Annona occurring in Nigerian was undertaken with the aid of light microscope. The four foliar structures (epidermis, petiole, midrib and lamina architecture) studied revealed useful characters which support recognition of the species. A combination of these features has been used to prepare an artificial indented dichotomous key for identifying the species. The generic constant features encountered included hypostomata, paracytic stomatal type, linear nerves endings, uneven midrib outline, and centrally located vascular bundles in the petiole and midrib. However, the most reliable distinguishing characters found across the species included presence of brachyparacytic stomata in A. reticulata, presence of trichomes on the midrib in A. senegalensis, absence of druses on the abaxial surface in A. muricata and A. squamosa, a thick pitted anticlinal walls on the surfaces of A. muricata and consistent polygonal areola shape in A. squamosa. The overlapping characters which also justify the closeness of the species and their grouping in a genus were recorded in both the qualitative and quantitative features. Prominent among them are the mean stomatal width which is about 1.0 μm in all species, nerve endings within the areole which varies between 1-2, U- or V-shaped midrib on the adaxial surface and straight to curved anticlinal wall pattern. The significance of these observations is discussed in updating the existing data in the genus. Keywords: Epidermis, Microscopy, Midrib, Petiole, Systematic

Download Full-text

Morphological and Anatomical Studies of Hippocrepis L. Genus in Turkey

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

K. YETISEN ◽

C. ÖZDEMIR

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Vascular Bundle ◽

The Other ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Stem Anatomy ◽

Anatomical Studies ◽

Anatomical Features

ABSTRACT: In this study, the morphological and anatomical features were investigated of three taxon of Hippocrepis L. species which spreading naturally in Turkey. In the morphological part of the study, H. unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa’s stem is erect or decumbent. The species H. ciliata’s Willd. stem is erect. H. multisiliquosa’s L. stem is decumbent. The fruit of H. multisiliquosa is much more convoluted than the other two taxa. There are cilia on the fruit of H. ciliata, but there are not found any cilia the other two taxa. The stem anatomy of all the studied taxa is hexagonal. In the stem cross section of H. ciliata 12-14 vascular bundle are found, H. unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa 12-15 and H. multisiliquosa 12-13. Leaf vascular bundles are arranged regularly, H. unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa have 18-20, H. ciliata have 6-8, H. multisiliquosa have 9-13 vascular bundles.

Download Full-text

Scape anatomical studies in populations of Urginea indica Kunth. Liliaceae

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v5i1.303 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 179-189

Author(s):

P. Prathima Rao ◽

M. N. Shiva Kameshwari ◽

K. J. Tharasaraswathi

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Anatomical Studies ◽

Inflorescence Axis ◽

Mediterranean Regions ◽

Ecological Habitat ◽

Xylem Elements ◽

Different Populations ◽

Urginea Indica ◽

First Time

The current study presents investigations on the scape anatomical characteristics of Urginea indica population, a geophyte growing in India, Africa and Mediterranean regions. For scape anatomical studies transverse sections of inflorescence axis were taken and studied for the first time. The twelve different population studied revealed that outer most epidermis of inflorescence is covered by thick cuticle. Cortex is differentiated into 3 regions outer chlorenchyma, middle collenchyma and inner parenchyma. But the shape and number of rows of cells vary in different populations collected from various localities of Karnataka. Vascular bundles are arranged in 3 rows, 2 rows in few populations and number. of vascular bundles vary. Larger bundles varies from 5-8, medium 8-12 and smaller bundles 5 to 21 in number. Xylem elements are uniseriate and biseriate in few. Some populations show Myelin structures and cell inclusions, based on their ecological habitat. The distinctions among cross sections of scapes are evident and our findings offer a comprehensive study using anatomical traits for delimitation and diagnosing populations of U.indica providing a platform for further taxonomic investigations.

Download Full-text

Anatomical Studies of the Foliar Epidermis and Petiole of some Lannea Species in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2021/v8i230174 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 41-55

Author(s):

Ogochukwu E. Okanume ◽

Lynda C. Ebelebe ◽

O. A. Oso

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Light Microscope ◽

Cell Shape ◽

Plant Science ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Anticlinal Wall ◽

Anatomical Studies ◽

Plateau State ◽

Epidermal Morphology ◽

Distinguishing Character

Aims: Leaf epidermal morphology and petiole anatomy of seven Lannea species namely; Lannea velutina, Lannea kerstingii, Lannea egregia, Lannea schimperii, Lannea acida, Lannea microcarpa, and Lannea edulis in Nigeria were investigated to provide new taxonomic characters that could help in proper identification and delimitation of the taxa. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Nigeria between August 2020 and March 2021. Methodology: Transverse sections of petioles were cut using a rotary microtome and epidermal peels were made. Staining was done using Safranin and slides observed using a light microscope. Results: Stomatal distribution was hypostomatic except for L. velutina and L. edulis with amphistomatic distribution. Three stomata types are found; paracytic occurring in L. velutina, L. edulis and L. egregia, cyclocytic in L. schimperii and L. microcarpa and anomocytic in L. kerstingii and L. acida. Stomata index vary among taxa with L. egregia and L. acida having the highest (22.43%) and lowest (12.17%) respectively. The epidermal cell shape was polygonal in all the species and anticlinal wall patterns were straight to slightly curved. Unicellular/multicellular uniseriate trichomes were observed in L. schimperii, L. egregia and L. kerstingii distinguishing them from other species. Petiole outlines were circular to oval, epidermis was uniseriate and vascular bundles are collateral. Presence of continuous sclerenchyma rings surrounding the vascular bundles in L. kerstingii and L. microcarpa serve as a distinguishing character. Other distinguishing characters are presence of crystals, druses and phenolic idioblasts. A taxonomic key was produced using the anatomical character as an aid to the identification of the species. Conclusion: Variations observed in the stomata types, petiole outline, petiole vasculature type, trichome type and stomata index could be employed for species identification and delimitation.

Download Full-text

Silene thymifolia Sibth. et Sm. (Caryophyllaceae) – A vulnerable species in Romania: Anatomical aspects of vegetative organs

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb13110875 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 10875

Author(s):

Loreley D. JIANU ◽

Rodica BERCU ◽

Dan R. POPOVICIU

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Secondary Xylem ◽

Coastal Dunes ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Vulnerable Species ◽

Spongy Tissue ◽

Specific Staining ◽

Vegetative Organs ◽

Glandular Hairs ◽

Near Threatened

Silene thymifolia (Caryophyllaceae) is considered a rare, near-threatened species in Romania, growing only on Black Sea coastal dunes. Anatomical aspects of the root, stem and leaf of this species are presented in this study. Root, stem and leaves were analysed by brightfield microscopy, with specific staining. The root in cross section exhibited a secondary structure, generated by the activity of phellogen, and vascular cambium, with thick cork, continuous secondary xylem rings. no pith rays, but with cortical air lacunes. The stem had a primary structure with a number of collateral vascular bundles arranged on a single circle, with thick cortical schlerenchymal layers and oxalate crystals in pith cells. The epidermis showed stomata and glandular hairs. The leaf was amphystomatic leaf, with a heterogeneous mesophyll (equifacial type) and embedded vascular bundles, with a rounded mid rib surrounded by a parenchyma sheath. The spongy tissue has some large intercellular air spaces with druses. The mechanical tissue is well developed in the root and stem and poorly developed, represented by few collenchyma elements in the mesophyll, being represented by a continuous schlerenchyma fibers band present in root and stem and collenchyma in the leaf. The secretory histological elements were represented by epidermal glandular hairs and oxaliferous cells (druses) present in stem and leaf.

Download Full-text