scholarly journals Records of chironomidae larvae living on other aquatic animals in Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio de Oliveira Roque ◽  
Susana Trivinho-Strixino ◽  
Mário Jancso ◽  
Evelise N. Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chironomidae Larvae

In this study, we report forty-nine cases of Chironomidae larvae living on other animals in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems, including a wide range of hosts, such as hydrozoans, snails, insects and fish. We also discuss some empirical difficulties to establish the ecological interactions between chironomids and their hosts.

scholarly journals Applications of Coupled Fixed Points for Multivalued Maps in the Equilibrium in Duopoly Markets and in Aquatic Ecosystems

Axioms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Gana Gecheva ◽  
Miroslav Hristov ◽  
Diana Nedelcheva ◽  
Margarita Ruseva ◽  
Boyan Zlatanov
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Points ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Market Equilibrium ◽  
Multivalued Maps ◽  
New Class ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coupled Fixed Points ◽  
Ordered Pairs ◽  
Duopoly Markets

We have obtained a new class of ordered pairs of multivalued maps that have pairs of coupled fixed points. We illustrate the main result with two examples that cover a wide range of models. We apply the main result in models in duopoly markets to get a market equilibrium and in aquatic ecosystems, also to get an equilibrium.

scholarly journals The Pathogenicity ofShewanella algaeand Ability to Tolerate a Wide Range of Temperatures and Salinities

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ying Tseng ◽  
Po-Yu Liu ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Lee ◽  
Zong-Yen Wu ◽  
Chiu-Chen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pathogenic Agent ◽  
Shewanella Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Indole Production ◽  
Key Parameter ◽  
Clinical Cases

Shewanella algaeis a rod-shaped Gram-negative marine bacterium frequently found in nonhuman sources such as aquatic ecosystems and has been shown to be the pathogenic agent in various clinical cases due to the ingestion of raw seafood. The results of this study showed thatS. algaewas present in approximately one in four samples, including water and shellfish samples. Positive reactions (API systems) inS. algaestrains were seen for gelatinase (gelatin); however, negative reactions were found for indole production (tryptophan).S. algaeis adapted to a wide range of temperatures (4°C, 25°C, 37°C, and 42°C) and salinity. Temperature is a key parameter in the pathogenicity ofS. algaeas it appears to induce hemolysis at 25°C and 37°C.S. algaeexhibits pathogenic characteristics at widely varying temperatures, which suggests that it may have the ability to adapt to climate change.

Ecological interactions in the transmission of the leishmaniases

1988 ◽  
Vol 321 (1207) ◽  
pp. 389-404 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Environmental Barriers ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandfly ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern

Epidemiological studies on the leishmaniases are disclosing a multiplicity of Leishmania species infecting a wide range of wild mammalian hosts, from marsupials to monkeys. In the primitive, silvatic habitat these parasites are transmitted by an equally wide variety of phlebotomine sandfly species (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae). Transmission is not haphazard, however, and available evidence points to the existence of environmental barriers that normally limit the different Leishmania species to specific sandfly vectors, transmitting to certain mammalian species, within distinct ecotopes. In this situation, humans may become infected by a variety of leishmanial parasites when intruding into the different enzootics, if the sandfly vectors are anthropophilic. Many are not, however, and their parasites rarely, if ever, make contact with the human host. Natural or man-made ecological changes may result in modification of the epidemiological pattern of leishmaniasis, leading to either a reduction or an increase in the human disease.

scholarly journals Antifungals, arthropods and antifungal resistance prevention: lessons from ecological interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1944) ◽  
pp. 20202716
Author(s):  
Steve Kett ◽  
Ayush Pathak ◽  
Stefano Turillazzi ◽  
Duccio Cavalieri ◽  
Massimiliano Marvasi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Eusocial Insects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mutualistic Association

Arthropods can produce a wide range of antifungal compounds, including specialist proteins, cuticular products, venoms and haemolymphs. In spite of this, many arthropod taxa, particularly eusocial insects, make use of additional antifungal compounds derived from their mutualistic association with microbes. Because multiple taxa have evolved such mutualisms, it must be assumed that, under certain ecological circumstances, natural selection has favoured them over those relying upon endogenous antifungal compound production. Further, such associations have been shown to persist versus specific pathogenic fungal antagonists for more than 50 million years, suggesting that compounds employed have retained efficacy in spite of the pathogens' capacity to develop resistance. We provide a brief overview of antifungal compounds in the arthropods’ armoury, proposing a conceptual model to suggest why their use remains so successful. Fundamental concepts embedded within such a model may suggest strategies by which to reduce the rise of antifungal resistance within the clinical milieu.

Linnaeus, Carl von (1707–78)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Natural System ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Divine Retribution ◽  
The World ◽  
Artificial Classification

Linnaeus was educated in Sweden, and became a doctor of medicine in Harderwijk, Holland, in 1735. He visited other European countries then, but he never left Sweden after his return in 1738. After practising as a physician in Stockholm, he moved to Uppsala University as professor of medicine and botany in 1741. He articulated four different but complementary ways of understanding nature – through two kinds of classification, and through what can be called developmental and functional/ecological interactions. Linnaeus is best known for his classificatory work, for which he received material from all over the world. His classificatory precepts are elaborated in the Philosophia botanica of 1751, an enlarged version of the 365 aphorisms of his Fundamenta botanica of 1735; the other aspects of his work are diffused through his writings. His artificial classification system, initially very popular, was replaced by the ’natural’ system, more slowly in botany than in zoology, and more slowly in England than in some other countries. Current biological nomenclature is based on his Species plantarum, edition 1 (for plants), and Systema naturae, edition 10 (for animals). His codification of botanical terms remains influential. Almost 200 dissertations, most written by Linnaeus, were defended by his students. In these and other less well-known works, including the unpublished Nemesis divina (Stories of Divine Retribution), he covered a wide range of subjects. Quinarian thinking is noticeable in Linnaeus’ work – there are five ranks in systems, five years’ growth in flowers – and in some of the occult works that he knew. He also shows a strong combinatorial bent and a tendency to draw close analogies between the parts of animals and plants.

scholarly journals Chemical encoding of risk perception and predator detection among estuarine invertebrates

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remington X. Poulin ◽  
Serge Lavoie ◽  
Katherine Siegel ◽  
David A. Gaul ◽  
Marc J. Weissburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Blue Crab ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Blue Crabs ◽  
Predator Detection ◽  
Prey Behavior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Panopeus Herbstii ◽  
Mud Crabs

An effective strategy for prey to survive in habitats rich in predators is to avoid being noticed. Thus, prey are under selection pressure to recognize predators and adjust their behavior, which can impact numerous community-wide interactions. Many animals in murky and turbulent aquatic environments rely on waterborne chemical cues. Previous research showed that the mud crab, Panopeus herbstii, recognizes the predatory blue crab, Callinectus sapidus, via a cue in blue crab urine. This cue is strongest if blue crabs recently preyed upon mud crabs. Subsequently, mud crabs suppress their foraging activity, reducing predation by blue crabs. Using NMR spectroscopy- and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, chemical variation in urine from blue crabs fed different diets was related to prey behavior. We identified the urinary metabolites trigonelline and homarine as components of the cue that mud crabs use to detect blue crabs, with concentrations of each metabolite dependent on the blue crab’s diet. At concentrations found naturally in blue crab urine, trigonelline and homarine, alone as well as in a mixture, alerted mud crabs to the presence of blue crabs, leading to decreased foraging by mud crabs. Risk perception by waterborne cues has been widely observed by ecologists, but the molecular nature of these cues has not been previously identified. Metabolomics provides an opportunity to study waterborne cues where other approaches have historically failed, advancing our understanding of the chemical nature of a wide range of ecological interactions.

scholarly journals Benthic boom: Understanding larval insect colonization in Moorea, French Polynesia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A LaPaglia
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preference ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Stream Insects ◽  
Artificial Disturbance ◽  
Chironomidae Larvae ◽  
Larval Insect ◽  
Empty Control

Insects are important in assessing ecosystem quality and health. Current climate change models predict that in the next one hundred years, intense storms separated by long periods of drought will frequent French Polynesia. Variation in water availability may be difficult for many stream insects to cope with. Studying insect response after a disturbance as well as assessing their current distribution and abundance can help us understand greater ecological interactions and allow us to make predictions about future assemblages. The recolonization rate and habitat preference of Simuliidae and Chironomidae larvae were measured in a high elevation stream on Moorea, French Polynesia. Insect recolonization was measured 1, 3, and 6 days after an artificial disturbance event, and habitat preference was determined through the use of 3 introduced substrates: streamside moss, synthetic moss, and an empty control. Habitat preference was also evaluated through the comparison of larval densities across both experiments. Ultimately both Simuliidae and Chironomidae larvae were shown to return to baseline abundance 3 days after a disturbance event. Furthermore, chironomids preferred the synthetic moss substrate to all other habitats, while simuliids preferred the empty control compared to the moss treatment. This likely indicates that the chironomids live within the submerged moss while simuliids live on a rocky substrate. It also suggests that both species can live in a variety of environments and can adapt well to changing conditions.

scholarly journals Global correlates of diversity in aquatic subterranean fauna

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martinez ◽  
Diego Fontaneto
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Sampling Intensity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Animal Communities

Subterranean aquatic systems are island-like habitats spread all over the world consisting of many caves linked by a common geological history but displaying different ecological parameters (e.g. distance to the sea, topography, depth). Therefore, they comprise numerous, discrete, and varied entities that facilitate independent colonization events by epigean biota, providing many replicates of comparable evolutionary processes. The data produced over the past 100 years of research collectively indicates that subterranean aquatic systems harbor a high percentage of local endemism and disharmonic animal communities when comparing them to surrounding epigean environments. However, it remains unclear whether those are general trends, or whether confounding effects such as sampling bias may produce misleading results. We investigate these two problems by analyzing a global dataset of ca. 50,000 records for ca. 4,000 species in 2,000 caves with two goals. We search for global correlates of diversity in cave aquatic animals by testing the effect of ecological and geological parameters on the number of species, species composition and functional diversity in each cave and subterranean system; We account for the influence of sampling intensity on the analyses by including the number of samples and number of published papers explicitly in the analyses. We search for global correlates of diversity in cave aquatic animals by testing the effect of ecological and geological parameters on the number of species, species composition and functional diversity in each cave and subterranean system; We account for the influence of sampling intensity on the analyses by including the number of samples and number of published papers explicitly in the analyses. The highest species diversity was found in the Caribbean and Mediterranean basins: two areas with many caves covering a wide range of ecological conditions, as both basins include marine, anchialine and freshwater subterranean habitats. However, the number of papers per area explained a high proportion of the variation observed of our data, with a taxonomical bias favoring crustaceans. Our results indicate that sampling bias should be carefully considered when drawing conclusions from large-scale analyses, and that we still need further sampling, especially in groups different to crustaceans, to better understand the generality of the processes driving global patterns in subterranean biodiversity.

scholarly journals DIVERSITY AND SIMILARITY AMONG CYANOBACTERIA ASSEMBLAGES FROM SELECTED AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS IN SARAWAK USING β –INDICES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Mohd Nasarudin Harith ◽  
Ruhana Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aquaculture Ponds

A study was carried out to evaluate the diversity and similarity of cyanobacterial populations in selected Sarawak aquatic ecosystem using β-indices. Eight stations including aquaculture ponds, cage cultures, waterfall and artificial lake located in Serian, Bau and Batang Ai areas were selected. A total of 43 species belonging to 30 genera of cyanobacteria were recorded. The most distributed pattern among all sampling stations belongs to the genera Chroococcus, Lyngbya, Nostoc and Oscillatoria. The highest β diversity values were found among non-contiguous stations. Besides, no identical or totally different cyanobacteria diversity values were obtained among those non-contiguous stations. The highest β diversity value (0.84) was found among stations with contrasting environmental characteristics. The wide range of β-diversity and similarity suggested that different locations and types of aquatic ecosystems may have variations in physico-chemical properties of the water and eventually lead to the different composition of cyanobacteria.

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