scholarly journals Weed interference on nutrient accumulation in the leaves of cassava under no-tillage or conventional tillage

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ricardo Pompermaier Ramella ◽  
Jaqueline de Araújo Barbosa ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Emerson Fey ◽  
Neumarcio Vilanova da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of weed competition on the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves and on the dry weight of the roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta) in the conventional and no-tillage systems, in two crop cycles. The experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design, with split-split plots and four replicates. The plots consisted of conventional tillage or no-tillage; the split plots, of the competition or not with weeds; and the split-split plots, of the evaluation periods (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, and 225 days after planting/pruning). In the first cycle, weed competition reduced the accumulation of nitrogen in 82.6 and 81.3% and of phosphorus in 65.7 and 85.3% under conventional tillage and no-tillage, respectively. In the second cycle, the reductions in the accumulation of nitrogen were of 41.1 and 52.4% and of phosphorus of 44.1 and 52.6%, in conventional tillage and no-tillage, respectively. The root dry weight of cassava grown with weed competition showed reductions of 15.8 and 11.2% under conventional tillage and no-tillage, respectively, only in the second cycle. Weed competition reduces the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves of cassava in the conventional and no-tillage systems in both crop cycles, but reduces the dry matter of cassava roots only in the second cycle.

scholarly journals Adaptability of lettuce cultivars to planting in no-tillage on straw of Urochloa ruziziensis

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 824-832
Author(s):  
Andréia Cristina Silva Hirata ◽  
Edson Kiyoharu Hirata ◽  
João Augusto Rizzo Camara
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Similar Yield

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability of different lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars grown in no-tillage on straw of ruzi grass (Urochloa ruziziensis), as well as its effects on soil temperature and weed control, in successive cultivations in the summer. The treatments were carried out in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates, in a split-plot arrangement (2x4), in which soil management (no-tillage on ruzi grass and convention tillage) was the main plot, and the different crisphead lettuce cultivars (Amanda, Solaris, Vanda, and Vera), the subplots. No difference was observed between cultivars for soil management. No-tillage reduced the soil temperature by up to 3.7°C and weed density by 3.7 times, in comparison with conventional tillage. Ruzi grass promoted a greater bed conservation. In comparison to with conventional tillage, the no-tillage management of lettuce cultivated on ruzi grass straw resulted in a lower yield in the first crop due to excess straw; in a similar yield in the second crop; and in a greater yield in the third crop. Lettuce cultivated on ruzi grass straw in no-tillage management results in a greater sustainability, in comparison with conventional tillage, in three successive plantings.

scholarly journals Agronomic Components of Brown Linseed as a Function of Spacing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Dionei Schmidt Muraro ◽  
Claudir José Basso ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽  
Luan Cutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
The One ◽  
Santa Maria

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of brown linseed, submitted to different spacing between lines. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen Campus, under a typical eutrophic Red Latosol, from September to December 2013. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications and four treatments, with experimental plots of 4.0 × 3.0 meters, totaling 12.0 m². The treatments consisted of four line spaces, 17, 34, 51 and 68 cm. The following parameters were evaluated: dry matter, plant height, stem diameter, weight of one thousand seeds and grain yield. The spacing of 0.17 m was the one that stood out showing higher yield and agronomic characteristics favorable to the crop, such as a smaller stature of important plant from the point of view of a lower lodging and a greater production of dry matter, and consequently residual straw for cultivation in succession, this being a basic premise in areas under no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Weed Interference on Growth and Leaf Nutrient Accumulation in Two Cassava Varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Gustavo Moratelli ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Hiago Canavessi ◽  
Emerson Fey ◽  
Marcos Antonio Sedrez Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cassava Varieties

The development of cassava varieties with more efficient nutrient absorption can prevent losses caused by weed competition. The objective of this study was to evaluate dry matter accumulation and leaf nutrient content in traditional and improved cassava varieties, with and without coexistence with weeds throughout the cycle. A randomized complete block design was used in a 2 x 2 x 11 factorial scheme with four replications. The first factor consisted of two varieties (Baianinha and Clone 56-03); the second factor was composed of the conditions with and without coexistence with weeds, and the third factor was 11 harvest periods. Coexistence with weeds reduced leaf contents of N (20.8% and 24.8%), P (26.7% and 4.6%) and K (27.1% and 12.6%) for 'Baianinha' and 'Clone 56-03', respectively. For coexistence with 'Baianinha', the period up to the maximum daily nutrient accumulation rate (N, P and K) ranged from 82 to 99 days after planting (DAP), while for 'Clone 56-03', coexistence in this period ranged from 80 to 88 DAP. The plants from the variety 'Clone 56-03' presented higher total dry mass and root dry mass accumulation, as well as higher leaf contents of N, P and K than the traditional cassava variety 'Baianinha', especially when in coexistence with weeds during the whole cycle.

scholarly journals OFF-SEASON STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE SOIL PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES IN A NO-TILL SYSTEM IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
RANIER VIEIRA FERREIRA ◽  
ROSE LUIZA MORAES TAVARES ◽  
SILVIO VASCONCELOS PAIVA FILLHO ◽  
INDIAMARA MARASCA ◽  
ALESSANDRO GUERRA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
No Till ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

In the central region of Brazil, sorghum and maize are considered viable crop alternatives to be cultivated during off-season periods, mainly for the production of grains in succession to the cultivation of soybeans and intercropping with brachiaria grasses. This study aimed to evaluate the physical soil qualities of the soil from an area with different off-season management histories (monoculture or agricultural intercropping). Maize, sorghum and brachiaria crops have been cultivated under no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The treatments included: monoculture or intercropping between sorghum and brachiaria (first off-season strategy) or maize and brachiaria (second off-season strategy). The following physical properties of the soil were evaluated: soil bulk density, porosity, soil resistance to penetration, soil moisture and texture and the contents of organic carbon, which were analyzed at 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm deep. In the off-season, the cultivation of single brachiaria promoted a greater amount of dry matter when compared with sorghum- brachiaria or maize-brachiaria intercropping. The topsoil presented better physical quality when compared with the adjacent layers under no-tillage system. The use of brachiaria combined with sorghum or maize tends to improve the macro and microporosity of the soil.

Effects of Planter Type and Seeding Rate in No-tillage Systems on Wheat Yield in Pol- e Dokhtar

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-506
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehranzadeh ◽  
Borzoo shikhi Rokrok
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Longitudinal Distance ◽  
Plot Experiment

In the cropping year 2013-2014, a split plot experiment using the randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in a field in Pol-e Dokhtar in Lorestan Province to study the effects of planter type and seeding rates used in direct and customary planting practices. Results showed there were significant differences between planters with respect to percentage of broken seeds at the 1% level. Comparison of the means indicated the highest percentage of broken seeds (5.1%) belonged to the Barzagar-e Hamadani planter and the lowest to the Gaspardo and Sfoggia direct planters. Type of planter also influenced precision in longitudinal distance at the 5% level. Moreover, comparison of the means revealed that the best uniformity in appropriate longitudinal distance between seeds in planted rows was that of the Gaspardo and Sfoggia direct planters and the worst that of the Barzegar-e Hamadani planter and that the effects of various planters were significant at the 5% level. The Gaspardo and Sfoggia direct planters, with 88.26 and 86.49%, respectively, had the maximum uniformity in depth of planting, and the Barzegar-e Hamadani with 79.03% the minimum. ANOVA suggested the various planters were not significantly different in wheat yield, while the effects of seeding rate treatments on wheat seed yield were significant at the 5% level. Nevertheless, comparison of the means showed that the Gaspardo direct planter raised seed yield by 1.32 and 11.13% compared to the Sfoggia direct planter and the Barzegar-e Hamadani planter, respectively, and that it enjoyed relative superiority over them. Moreover, comparison of the means related to seeding rates indicated the 200 kg/ha rate increased seed yield by 11.05 and 24.36%, respectively, compared to the 160 and 240 kg/ha rates. Results of this research suggested direct planting with the Gaspardo planter at the seeding rate of 200 kg/ha achieved maximum seed yield. Therefore, this combination was recommended for the region.

Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Water Contents During Grain Development and Maturation in Wheat

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Sofield ◽  
IF Wardlaw ◽  
LT Evans ◽  
SY Zee
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Steady Rate

Plants of five cultivars of wheat were grown under controlled-environmental conditions in order to analyse the effect of cultivar and of temperature and illuminance after anthesis on the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus by grains in relation to dry matter. The water relations of the grain during maturation were also examined, using calcium content as an index of water entry. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of grains increased linearly throughout the grain growth period. The percentage of nitrogen and phosphorus in grains fell sharply during the first few days after anthesis but rose progressively thereafter. The higher the temperature, and the lower the illuminance, the higher was the percentage of nitrogen in the grain of all cultivars. Such conditions also reduce final grain size, but their effects on nitrogen concentration in the grain were apparent early in grain development. No evidence was found of a flush of nitrogen or phosphorus into the grain late in its development. Water entry into the grain continued at a steady rate until maximum grain dry weight was reached, then ceased suddenly. No evidence was found of an increased rate of water loss by the grain at that stage, and the rapid fall in water content at the cessation of grain growth may have been due to blockage of the chalazal zone of entry into the grain by the deposition of lipids. Accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus and entry of water into the grain all ceased at the time of lipid deposition in the chalazal zone.

scholarly journals Residual effects of superficial liming on tropical soil under no-tillage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽  
Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the long-term effects of the surface application of lime on soil fertility and on the mineral nutrition and grain yield of soybean, and of black oat and sorghum in crop succession. The experiment was carried out on a clayey Oxisol, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of lime the rates of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 kg ha-1, applied in October 2002 and November 2004. Soil samples were collected at five soil layers, down to 0.60-m depth. Surface liming was effective in reducing soil acidity and increasing Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents in the subsurface. Moreover, it increased available phosphorus contents and soil organic matter in the long term (48 to 60 months after the last lime application). Surface liming improved plant nutrition, mainly for N, Ca, and Mg, and increased dry matter production and grain yield of the crops, even in years with regular distribution of rainfall. The greatest productivities of soybean, black oat, and sorghum were obtained with the respective estimated lime doses of 4,000, 2,333, and 3,281 kg ha-1, for shoot dry matter, and of 2,550, 3,555, and over 4,000 kg ha-1, for grain yield.

scholarly journals Intercepted solar radiation by maize crops subjected to different tillage systems and water availability levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Bergamaschi ◽  
Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽  
João Ito Bergonci ◽  
Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger ◽  
Bruna Maria Machado Heckler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crop Cycle

The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy

scholarly journals Pruning of the main stem of Marigold: effect on capitula yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-427
Author(s):  
Jana Koefender ◽  
André Schoffel ◽  
Diego P Golle ◽  
Candida E Manfio ◽  
Alice PB Dambróz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

ABSTRACT The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of cutting the apex of the main stem of marigold plants on floral capitula yield. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with five replicates. The following removal stages of the main stem apexes were studied: control (without pruning), up to 10 leaves, up to 15 leaves and visible flower bud. Three harvest periods were also evaluated: July, August and September, composing a factorial experiment in a 4x3 arrangement. The diameter, number, fresh matter and the dry capitula were evaluated. The most significant effect of cutting the apex of the main stem on fresh and dry matter of the capitula was obtained when the technique was performed at the time the plants had up to 15 leaves and visible flower bud. The harvesting performed in September showed to be the most promising, since it presented the larger diameter, higher number and higher fresh matter and the dry capitula.

scholarly journals Effect of Zinc and Boron on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Md. Ashabul Hoque ◽  
Md. Rasal-Monir ◽  
Sumya Fatima ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Fruit Diameter

The study was carried out to find out the effect of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on growth and yield of okra (BARI Dherosh 1). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments of the experiment were, T0 (without Zn or B), T1 (20 kg Zn ha-1), T2 (30 kg Zn ha-1), T3 (10 kg B ha-1), T4 (20 kg B ha-1), T5 (20 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1), T6 (20 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1), T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1) and T8 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1) were undertaken to evaluate the best results of the study. The highest plant height was found in T8 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1) but the highest number of leaves plant-1 was recorded from T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1). On the other hand, the maximum leaf area index, SPAD value, mean fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit dry matter (%), number of fruits plant-1, fresh fruit weight plant-1 , fruit yield plot-1 and fruit yield ha-1 were found in T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1), while the control (T0) showed lowest performance for the respected parameters. It is strongly concluded that 30 kg Zn ha-1 with 10 kg B ha-1 combination may be helpful for okra cultivation in the field level to increase okra production.

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