scholarly journals Expanded description of Lamproglena monodi (Copepoda: Lernaeidae), parasitizing native and introduced fishes in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Kozlowiski de Azevedo ◽  
Vanessa Doro Abdallah ◽  
Reinaldo José da Silva ◽  
Tatiana M. Pegado de Azevedo ◽  
Maurício Laterça Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Astronotus Ocellatus ◽  
Tilapia Rendalli ◽  
Introduced Fishes

An occurrence of the copepod Lamproglena monodi Capart, 1944, parasitizing freshwater fishes in Brazil is presented, along with new morphological data. This crustacean was originally described parasitizing several cichlids in Africa. In the present study, the crustaceans were collected from the body surface and gills of two fish species native to Brazil [Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) and Cichla ocellaris Bloch and Schneider, 1801] and two introduced species [Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1897)]. The Brazilian specimens exhibited some morphometric intraspecies differences in relation to the specimens from Congo-Kinshasa and Egypt.

scholarly journals Kajian Kelimpahan Mikroplastik di Biota Perairan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-648
Author(s):  
Saptian Wisnu Sandra ◽  
Arlini Dyah Radityaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Whatman Filter Paper ◽  
Saccostrea Cucullata ◽  
Zeus Faber

Sampah plastik dapat terdegradasi menjadi mikroplastik (MP) dan nanoplastik (NP) melalui proses fisik, kimia, dan biologis. MP didefinisikan sebagai partikel plastik kecil berukuran < 5 mm. MP saat ini telah ditemukan di tubuh biota perairan, baik perairan permukaan maupun perairan laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji MP pada biota perairan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur terhadap artikel publikasi 10 tahun terakhir. Kajian dilakukan terhadap kelimpahan, ukuran, bentuk, warna, dan komposisi MP pada biota perairan permukaan dan laut. Review dilakukan terhadap penelitian di Indonesia dan berbagai wilayah di negara lain. Beberapa metode pengambilan sampel biota perairan yang digunakan dalam penelitian terdahulu yaitu menggunakan trawl atau pukat dasar (jaring polietilen), jaring pukat pantai (10 m x 1,5 m; ukuran mata jaring: 8 mm). Identifikasi MP pada saluran pencernakan biota ikan dilakukan menggunakan larutan KOH 10% selama 24 jam pada suhu 60°C, selanjutnya dilakukan penyaringan dengan kertas saring Whatman. Selanjutnya, proses identifikasi menggunakan mikroskop okuler dan FTIR untuk menentukan ukuran, bentuk, dan jenis polimer. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan MP terbanyak pada biota perairan masing-masing yaitu 468 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Ikan Sapu-Sapu (Hypostomus plecostomus) di perairan sungai; 18 partikel MP/individu pada Ikan Nila Hitam (Oreochromis niloticus) di perairan payau; 1,4 – 7 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Tiram (Saccostrea cucullata) di perairan muara; 22,21 ± 1,7 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Ikan Thryssa kammalensis di perairan teluk; 2,7 ± 0,10 partikel MP/individu pada spesies Ikan Zeus faber di perairan selat; dan 22,3 partikel MP/individu pada Diadema sp. (Bulu babi) di perairan laut. MP yang dominan pada biota perairan adalah berukuran 20 μm – 50 μm, berbentuk fiber, dan berwarna hitam. Polyethylene (PE) ditemukan dominan pada biota perairan permukaan, serta polyprophylene (PP) dan polyethylene (PE) pada biota perairan laut.ABSTRACTPlastic wastes could be degraded into microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) through physical, chemical, and biological processes. MP was defined as the small particle of plastic with the size of < 5 mm. Currently, MP has been found in the body of aquatic biota both in the surface and sea water biota. This research aimed to investigate the microplastic content in aquatic biota. The study was conducted through literature review of the last 10 year published articles. The previous studies were reviewed in terms of abundance, size, shape, colour, and polymer type of MP in the aquatic biota in Indonesia and areas of other countries. Sampling of aquatic biota in the previous studies was conducted in several methods using trawling or bottom trawl (polyethylene net), beach trawl net (10 m x 1.5 m; mesh size: 8 mm). Identification of MP in the digestive tract of fish was conducted using 10% KOH solution for 24 hours at a temperature of 60°C, then was filtered using Whatman filter paper. Next, the identification process used an ocular microscope and FTIR to determine the polymer. The result demonstrated that the highest number of MP abundance was 468 MP particles/individual in the cattle fish (Hypostomus plecostomus) species in the river water; 18 MP particles/individual in the black nile fish (Oreochromis niloticus) species in the brackish water; 1.4 – 7 MP particles/individual in the oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) species in the estuary water; 22.21 ± 1.7 MP particles/individual in the Thryssa kammalensis fish species in the gulf water; 2.7 ± 0.10 MP particles/individual in the Zeus faber fish species in the strait water; and 22.3 MP particles/individual in the Diadema sp. (sea urchin) in the sea water. The most dominant MP size, shape, and colour in the aquatic biota was 20 μm – 50 μm, fiber, and black. Polyethylene (PE) was dominant in the surface water biota, whereas, polyprophylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) in the sea water biota.

scholarly journals Checklist of non-native fish species of Sorocaba River Basin, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Cassemiro Biagioni ◽  
Amanda Rocha Ribeiro ◽  
Welber Senteio Smith
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Tilapia Rendalli ◽  
Sampling Program ◽  
Electric Fishing

The present study aimed to create an inventory of non-native fish species in the basin of the Sorocaba river, located at Upper Rio Paraná. Fish were collected between August 2010 and January 2012 using nets with meshes, round shaped fishing nets, hand net and electric fishing equipment, as well as contacts with fishermen to seek information on species captured in the basin. Besides, we used published data and information contained in reports, monographs and thesis. Five non-native fish species were collected: Tilapia rendalli, Oreochromis niloticus, Pterygoplichthys anisitsi, Poecilia vivipara and Triportheus nematurus that represented 10.63% of all fish species captured in the basin of the Sorocaba river. The occurrence of eight other species, although they were not collected by the sampling program of this study, had already been reported in previous studies, and had already been captured by amateur and professional fishermen, particularly in the reservoir of Itupararanga and in the urban stretch of the Sorocaba river.

A review of the freshwater fishes of the Kimberley region of Western Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2816 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID L. MORGAN ◽  
GERALD R. ALLEN ◽  
BRADLEY J. PUSEY ◽  
DAMIEN W. BURROWS
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Gambusia Holbrooki ◽  
Freshwater Fish Species ◽  
Introduced Fishes ◽  
Eastern Mosquitofish

This paper provides an overview of the freshwater fishes of the remote and sparsely populated Kimberley region of Western Australia, an area that has been subject to minimal scientific surveys, most of which have occurred in the last 30 years. A total of 49 freshwater fish species are reported from the region, but this number will likely grow as a result of future discoveries. It is an endemic hotspot, with ~40% of the species found nowhere else; many of which are known from only a few localities. The fauna is dominated by members of the Terapontidae (10 species) and Eleotridae (10 species), followed by the Plotosidae (five species), Melanotaeniidae (five species), Atherinidae (four species) and Ambassidae (four species). Additionally, in terms of freshwater fishes of the Kimberley, there are two species each in the Toxotidae and Ariidae, and a single species from each of the Anguillidae, Clupeidae, Hemiramphidae, Belonidae, Apogonidae, Gobiidae and Soleidae. There are currently no introduced fishes found in any major catchments of the Kimberley, however, there are records of the Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) from Cape Leveque (Morgan et al. 2004c) and the Redclaw Crayfish (Cherax quadquicarinatus), which have recently been found within the Ord River basin (Doupé et al. 2004).

scholarly journals UJI PATOGENISITAS DAN VIRULENSI Aeromonas hydrophila Stanier PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus Lin.) MELALUI POSTULAT KOCH

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wibowo Mangunwardoyo ◽  
Ratih Ismayasari ◽  
Etty Riani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathogenic Bacterium ◽  
Pathological Effect ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pond Culture

Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila bersifat patogen mengakibatkan kematian sebanyak 50% pada ikan nila di keramba jaring apung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti patogenisitas dan virulensi dari dua enzim dan satu toksin haemolisin yang dihasilkan oleh A. hydrophila pada ikan nila yang sehat. Analisis LC-50 menggunakan metode Dragsted Bahrens menghasilkan nilai 4,9 x 106 cfu/mL. Virulensi A. hydrophila diuji menggunakan metode Postulat Koch pada ikan nila sehat menyebabkan tubuh menjadi kemerah-merahan, perdarahan pada permukaan tubuh dan luka borok yang akhirnya menyebabkan kematian.Aeromonas hydrophila is a highly pathogenic bacterium which caused more than 50% nila’s mortality at the pond culture. The purpose of the research was study on the virulence and pathological effect of two A. hydrophila’s enzymes and one toxin haemolycin on a healthy’s nila fish. Lethal Concentration 50 with injection of A. hydrophila on nila was used as preliminary test to determine bacterial density that caused 50% nila’s mortality. The LC50 was 4,9 X 106 cfu/mL determined by Dragsted Bahrens methods. The A. hydrophila virulence test with The Postulat Koch had been effects on healthy’s nila, with clinical sign were reddening, haemorrhagic all over the body surface, and ulcer which caused mortality.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Infection by Piscinoodinium pillulare and Trichodina spp. in Tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), Pirapitingas (Piaractus brachypomus) and Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Federal District, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Jair Alves Ferreira Junior ◽  
André Santos Leonardo ◽  
João Paulo Monteiro Vieira Bayma Azevedo ◽  
Fábio Renato Rodrigues ◽  
Karla Alvarenga Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Prophylactic Measures

Background: Piscinoodinium pillulare is a mandatory mastigophore protozoan with no parasitic specificity, and an important ectoparasite of tropical and temperate psiculture. This parasite is responsible for serious health problems in Brazilian native fish. Another important pathogenic protozoan in psciculture belongs to the genus Trichodina spp., which is commonly found on the surface of fish, gills, fins, and integument. The aim of the present study was to describe an outbreak of P. pillulare andTrichodina spp. in three species of fish intensively created, emphasizing the anatomopathological and epidemiological aspects.Cases: Five animals were necropsied, among them three tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), one pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) and one tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from an intensive psciculture in the Federal District. Out of 1500 fishes, 18 (1.2%) became ill and died. It was reported that the animals showed decreased feed intake, discomfort, dyspnea, opercular movements, red skin lesions and consequent death. In the direct examination of scraping of the body surface of a fish, preparedbetween lamina and coverslip, a ciliated ectoparasite, with a circular bell shape, measuring approximately 20-180 μm, adhered, with morphology consistent with Trichodina spp. was evidenced. During necropsy, fragments of different organs were collected and fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, embedded in paraffin, cut to five microns thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Macroscopically, there were pale scaly areas in the medial-lateral regions, moderate increase amountof mucus with brown to green lumps on the body surface, partial loss of the fins, swollen gills with whitish mucus and multifocal hemorrhagic areas on the skin and between the scales. Microscopically, moderate multifocal lymphoplasmocytic branchitis was observed with cell hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae associated with trophons (protozoa), consistent with P. pillulare.Discussion: The diagnosis of infection by P. pillulare and Trichodina spp. in this study was based on the epidemiological and clinical-pathological findings. Regarding the first ones, we highlight the variety of fish species affected. P. pillulare is an example of a commensal parasite present on the substrate of culture tanks, and exerts a type of non-obligatory parasitism that uses the fish as a substrate for its fixation under favorable conditions. In this case, only Trichodina spp. was observed during the traditional evaluation of body surface and gills scraping, and histopathology was essential for the verification of the agent P. pillulare. Routine histopathological analysis may also provide a definitive diagnosis, observing the trophons attached to the gill filaments. Atrophy and fusion of secondary lamellae, which promote proliferative lesions in the gills associated with the interlamellar presence of parasites, are responsible for hypoxia, loss of balance and erratic movements. Although they were observed in a small number, Trichodina spp. are believed to be responsible, on a larger scale, for hemorrhagic lesions on the skin and between fish scales. These findings were similar to those of the literature, and the diagnosis of these parasites allows producers and technicians to adopt adequate treatment, as well as prophylactic measures that provide good environmental conditions in order to avoid economic losses.Keywords: fish diseases, protozoa, fish ectoparasites.

scholarly journals First record of Palombitrema triangulum (Suriano, 1981) Suriano, 1997 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from freshwater fishes in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
VD. Abdallah ◽  
RK. Azevedo ◽  
RJ. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
First Record ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
First Time

This study reports for the first time the monogenean Palombitrema triangulum Suriano (1981) in freshwater fishes from Brazil, highlighting new sites of infection for this helminth and some morphological differences. Monogeneans were collected on the body surface, gills and nasal cavity of two native fish species from Brazil, Cyphocharax modestus (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) and Cyphocharax nagelii (Steindachner, 1881). A brief morphological characterization of this species is presented.

scholarly journals Histopathology of some diseased fishes

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kabil Hossain ◽  
M Delwar Hossain ◽  
M Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Diseased Fish ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Blood Elements

A study on the histopathology of some diseased fishes was carried out during the period from July 2005 to June 2006 in the Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi. Symptoms of diseases of different fish species showed variation among the species and its distribution. The parasites were first found to settled on the body surface and tip of the gills of fishes and attach themselves on the surface by their powerful sucking devices. From the histopathological observations it appeared that gills and body surface were the main infested areas and gill filaments were damaged by the parasites. The histochemical studies showed that the disease caused extensive damages to the blood elements by rupturing blood capillaries, causing necrosis, coagulation and haemorrhage. Key words: Histopathology; symptoms; diseased fish DOI: 10.3329/jles.v2i2.7497 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 2(2) 47-50, 2007   

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

The Role of Computer Modeling in Electrocardiography

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Conductor ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Source Models

AbstractThis paper introduces some levels at which the computer has been incorporated in the research into the basis of electrocardiography. The emphasis lies on the modeling of the heart as an electrical current generator and of the properties of the body as a volume conductor, both playing a major role in the shaping of the electrocardiographic waveforms recorded at the body surface. It is claimed that the Forward-Problem of electrocardiography is no longer a problem. Several source models of cardiac electrical activity are considered, one of which can be directly interpreted in terms of the underlying electrophysiology (the depolarization sequence of the ventricles). The importance of using tailored rather than textbook geometry in inverse procedures is stressed.

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