scholarly journals Occurrence of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys in household dogs from northern Parana

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislaine Cristina Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Aline do Nascimento Benitez ◽  
Aline Girotto ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
Marilda Carlos Vidotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Anaplasma Platys ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Hematological Alterations

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused primarily by Ehrlichia canis and canine thrombocytic anaplasmosis induced by Anaplasma platys are important emerging zoonotic tick-borne diseases of dogs. There is evidence that these pathogens can also affect humans. This study evaluated the presence of E. canis and A. platys in blood samples collected from 256 domiciled dogs in the municipality of Jataizinho, located in north region of the State of Parana, Brazil, by PCR assay. The occurrence of E. canis and A. platys was 16.4% (42/256) and 19.4% (49/256), respectively; while 5.47% (14/256) of the dogs evaluated were co-infected by these two organisms. The presence of E. canis and A. platys was not significantly associated with the variables evaluated (sex, age, outdoor access, and presence of ticks during blood collection). Infection of dogs by E. canis was associated with anemia and thrombocytopenia, while infection induced by A. platys was related only to thrombocytopenia. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and canine thrombocytic anaplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnoses when these hematological alterations are observed during routine laboratory evaluation of dogs.

scholarly journals Molecular Prevalence and Identification of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys from Dogs in Nay Pyi Taw Area, Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Myint Myint Hmoon ◽  
Lat Lat Htun ◽  
May June Thu ◽  
Hla Myet Chel ◽  
Yu Nandi Thaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Anaplasma Platys ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glta Gene ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Ticks are vectors of different types of viruses, protozoans, and other microorganisms, which include Gram-negative prokaryotes of the genera Rickettsiales, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Borrelia. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia canis and canine cyclic thrombocytopenia caused by Anaplasma platys are of veterinary importance worldwide. In Myanmar, there is limited information concerning tick-borne pathogens, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp., as well as genetic characterization of these species. We performed nested PCR for the gltA gene of the genus Ehrlichia spp. and the 16S rRNA gene of the genus Anaplasma spp. with blood samples from 400 apparently healthy dogs in Nay Pyi Taw area. These amplicon sequences were compared with other sequences from GenBank. Among the 400 blood samples from dogs, 3 (0.75%) were positive for E. canis and 1 (0.25%) was positive for A. platys. The partial sequences of the E. canis gltA and A. platys 16SrRNA genes obtained were highly similar to E. canis and A. platys isolated from different other countries.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a Doxycycline Treatment Regimen Initiated during Three Different Phases of Experimental Ehrlichiosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 5012-5020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. McClure ◽  
Michelle L. Crothers ◽  
John J. Schaefer ◽  
Patrick D. Stanley ◽  
Glen R. Needham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Three Phases

ABSTRACT Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), a well-characterized disease and valuable model for tick-borne zoonoses. Conflicting reports of clearance of Ehrlichia canis after treatment with doxycycline suggested that the disease phase during which treatment is initiated influences outcomes of these treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 28-day doxycycline regimen for clearance of experimental E. canis infections from dogs treated during three phases of the disease. Ten dogs were inoculated with blood from E. canis carriers and treated with doxycycline during acute, subclinical, or chronic phases of CME. Daily rectal temperatures and semiweekly blood samples were monitored from each dog, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were acquisition fed on each dog for xenodiagnosis. Blood collected from dogs treated during acute or subclinical CME became PCR negative for E. canis as clinical parameters improved, but blood samples collected from dogs treated during chronic CME remained intermittently PCR positive. R. sanguineus ticks fed on dogs after doxycycline treatments became PCR positive for E. canis, regardless of when treatment was initiated. However, fewer ticks became PCR positive after feeding on two persistently infected dogs treated with doxycycline followed by rifampin, suggesting that antibiotic therapy can reduce tick acquisition of E. canis.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological and molecular profiles of Babesia vogeli infection and Ehrlichia canis coinfection

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1294-1302
Author(s):  
Thanakorn Rawangchue ◽  
Sivapong Sungpradit
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Babesia Vogeli ◽  
Molecular Profiles

Background and Aim: Canine babesiosis, a tick-borne parasitic disease, is caused by the hemoprotozoa, Babesia vogeli, and Babesia gibsoni. Infection with these parasites, which is endemic globally, leads to life-threatening immunosuppression in dogs. The merozoites invade the red blood cells (RBCs) of infected dogs. Ehrlichia canis, an intracellular bacterium that infects monocytes, is transmitted by the same tick species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) during blood consumption and coinfection with B. vogeli and E. canis has been reported. Although the hematology and biochemistry of canine babesiosis have been studied, more studies are needed to develop a better understanding of the hematobiochemical and molecular profiles associated with cases of single infection and coinfection of canine babesiosis in Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the hematological, biochemical, and molecular profiles of B. vogeli infection and E. canis coinfection. Materials and Methods: The study included 33 B. vogeli–positive blood samples and 11 E. canis–coinfected blood samples. To exclude coinfection with Hepatozoon canis and Anaplasma platys, only dogs with B. vogeli infection and B. vogeli–E. canis coinfection were included in the study. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was conducted to detect B. vogeli, E. canis, and H. canis, and a conventional PCR assay was conducted for the detection of A. platys. Besides, the PCR assay and sequencing, comprehensive data analysis was conducted, including a microscopic blood parasite examination and hematological and biochemical data analysis. Results: The comparison of the hematobiochemical data between the B. vogeli–positive and E. canis coinfection groups identified that there were statistically significant differences in the RBC parameters, including RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and RBC distribution width (p=0.001). Neither B. vogeli infection nor coinfection with E. canis was associated with the sex, breed, recorded clinical signs, geographic origin of the dog and also B. vogeli 18S rRNA gene sequencing results. Conclusion: Coinfection with E. canis increased the severity of babesiosis. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying this infection, such as destruction of RBCs, require further investigation. This study may enhance diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of canine babesiosis.

scholarly journals Molecular prevalence and risk factors for the occurrence of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milanjeet ◽  
H. Singh ◽  
NK Singh ◽  
ND Singh ◽  
C. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Blood Smear Examination ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Evaluation of blood samples collected from 214 dogs from Ludhiana, Punjab (India) was performed for the presence of Ehrlichia canis using PCR-based assays targeting a portion of the 16S rRNA gene. Of the total samples subjected to routine blood smear examination, the morulae of E. canis were detected in 2.34% samples. Nested PCR assay produced amplicons of expected size (389 bp) specific for E. canis in 41.59% (89/214) of samples. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the prevalence of E. canis was higher in the summer as compared to the winter season (P = 0.031) and in dogs younger than six-month-old as compared to older dogs (P < 0.001), while breed and sex of the host were not significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease.  

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli in stray dogs in Paraná, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Ribeiro ◽  
Aldair C. Matos ◽  
Thainá Azzolini ◽  
Everton R. Bones ◽  
Eduardo A. Wasnieski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Anaplasma Platys ◽  
Amblyomma Cajennense ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Babesia Vogeli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT: Hemoparasitic infections are tick-borne diseases, which affect animals and humans. Considering the importance of canine hemoparasitic infections in veterinary clinics, this study aimed to determine the occurrence of Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli in blood samples from 182 dogs not domiciled in the city of Pato Branco, southwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of A. platys and B. vogeli was 32.9% and 10.9% respectively, and A. platys infection prevailed (p<0.001). The number of dogs positive for A. platys was larger in Winter (p<0.05). All blood samples were negative for E. canis. In the dogs, infestation by Amblyomma cajennense predominated over that by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (p<0.001); but there was no significant association between PCR and the variables presence of ticks, sex and age. Dogs infected by A. platys and B. vogeli showed thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia and leukocytosis; but there was no correlation between such hematological changes and infection by hemoparasites. This appears to be the first molecular study that demonstrates the existence of A. platys and B. vogeli in dogs from the southwestern region of Paraná.

scholarly journals New sensitive real-time PCR targeting p28 gene for detection of Ehrlichia canis in blood samples from dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Gonzaga Paulino ◽  
Tays Araujo Camilo ◽  
Miguel Angelo Leite Mota Junior ◽  
Nathália Alves de Senne ◽  
Olga Lucia Herrán Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Membrane Protein Gene

ABSTRACT: This study aims to describe a new detection method of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting the 28 kDa outer membrane protein gene (p28) as well as to compare this method with a conventional PCR (cPCR), which targets the same gene, in order to evaluate the performance of the technique designed in this study in detecting Ehrlichia canis (E. canis). Optimum oligonucleotides concentrations were reached, and the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the qPCR were performed. A total of 218 dogs’ whole blood samples were conventionally collected for this study. The DNA was extracted from each sample. Subsequently, the samples were tested by an established cPCR and the new qPCR to compare each technique’s performances. This new qPCR method for the molecular detection of E. canis presented a detection limit of ten copies of the fragment and was considered specific for E. canis according to analytical specificity analyses performed in vitro and in silico. The standard curve revealed 100% efficiency and a coefficient of determination (R2) equivalent to 99.8%. Among the samples examined by qPCR, 24.31% were considered positive, significantly greater than those detected by cPCR (15.13%). The qPCR technique reached a higher sensitivity than the cPCR when targeting the p28 gene in detecting E. canis. The qPCR standardized in this study is an efficient method for confirming canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) diagnosis and might provide the parasitemia monitoring during the disease treatment.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys in dogs from municipality of Belém, State of Pará, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verucia Maria Dias Brandão ◽  
Pedro Henrique Marques Barrozo ◽  
Luciane Oeiras Sousa ◽  
Rafaelle Cunha dos Santos ◽  
Katiane Schwanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Anaplasma Platys ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT: The occurrence of diseases transmitted by ticks in dogs is very frequent in Brazil, among these diseases we can highlight the ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis, which are caused by Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys, respectively. The objective of this study was to survey the occurrence of these pathogens in blood samples from domiciled and stray dogs from the city of Belém, Pará. Two hundred and seventy six dogs were sampled for convenience, and the DNA extracted from the blood of these animals was submitted to nested-PCR for research of E. canis and A. platys. E. canis DNA was detected in 39.4% (109/276) and A. platys DNA in 23.1% (64/276) of the samples, there was a statistically significant difference between the frequency of these agents (P<0.0001), and there was coinfection in 13.4% (37/276) of animals. The frequency of detection of these parasites was higher in stray dogs than in those domiciled for both E. canis (OR=2.84) and A. platys (OR=10.5). Considering the results, it was possible to conclude that E. canis and A. platys are present in the studied population, with stray dogs being more affected by these parasites.

Stability of antioxidant vitamins in whole human blood during overnight storage at 4°C and frozen storage up to 6 months

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Leonard ◽  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Maret G. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sample Handling

Abstract. To determine optimal conditions for blood collection during clinical trials, where sample handling logistics might preclude prompt separation of erythrocytes from plasma, healthy subjects (n=8, 6 M/2F) were recruited and non-fasting blood samples were collected into tubes containing different anticoagulants (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), Li-heparin or Na-heparin). We hypothesized that heparin, but not EDTA, would effectively protect plasma tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and vitamin E catabolites (α- and γ-CEHC) from oxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, one set of tubes was processed immediately and plasma samples were stored at −80°C, while the other set was stored at 4°C and processed the following morning (~30 hours) and analyzed, or the samples were analyzed after 6 months of storage. Plasma ascorbic acid, as measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) decreased by 75% with overnight storage using EDTA as an anticoagulant, but was unchanged when heparin was used. Neither time prior to processing, nor anticoagulant, had any significant effects upon plasma α- or γ-tocopherols or α- or γ-CEHC concentrations. α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations remained unchanged after 6 months of storage at −80°C, when measured using either LC-ECD or LC/mass spectrometry. Thus, refrigeration of whole blood at 4°C overnight does not change plasma α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations or their catabolites. Ascorbic acid is unstable in whole blood when EDTA is used as an anticoagulant, but when whole blood is collected with heparin, it can be stored overnight and subsequently processed.

1-Desamino-8-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP) Infusion in Type IIB von Willebrand’s Disease: Shortening of Bleeding Time and Induction of a Variable Pseudothrombocytopenia

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (01) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Casonato ◽  
M Teresa Sartori ◽  
Luigi de Marco ◽  
Antonio Girolami
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Von Willebrand's Disease ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Von Willebrand’S Disease

SummaryWe have investigated the effects of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) infusion on platelet count and bleeding time in 4 patients with type IIB von Willebrand’s disease (vWd). Three of four patients showed a normalization of the bleeding time within 1 h after the infusion, while bleeding time was not modified in the fourth. In accordance with the literature, thrombocytopenia was observed after DDAVP infusion, but this thrombocytopenia was due to the anticoagulants used for blood collection. In two patients (F. I., G. F.) no thrombocytopenia was observed when platelets were counted by fingerstick method but there was a 20% platelet decrease in blood samples collected in sodium citrate and a 50% decrease in samples collected in EDTA. Dramatic falls in platelet counts (70–95%) were observed in the additional two patients (C. A., D.Z.) after DDAVP infusion, when both sodium citrate or EDTA were used as anticoagulants. In the latter two patients there was also a 50% decrease in platelet count when the fingerstick method was used. The decrease in the patient’s platelet count in EDTA samples after DDAVP infusion could be prevented, in part, by the previous additions of an anti GPIb monoclonal antibody and an anti GPIIb-IIIa monoclonal antibody.Thus, the thrombocytopenia observed in the four IIB vWd patients studied after DDAVP infusion seems to be, at least partially, a pseudothrombocytopenia depending on the calcium concentration in the blood samples and the availability of GPIb and GPIIb-IIIa receptors. These findings and the normalization of the bleeding time observed in three of the four patients has led us to reconsider the possible use of DDAVP in the treatment of our IIB vWd patients.

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