scholarly journals Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum DNA according to clinical stages of leishmaniasis in dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Murilo Antônio Fernandes ◽  
João Augusto Franco Leonel ◽  
Jéssica Anzolin Isaac ◽  
Julia Cristina Benassi ◽  
Diogo Tiago Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare molecular tests used to diagnose Leishmania spp. in dogs with different stages of infection. Blood and conjunctival swab (CS) samples from dogs classified in four clinical stages were subjected to different PCR protocols (13A/13B, MC1/MC2, LITSR/L5.8S and LEISH-1/LEISH-2 primers). To the study, 22.3% (48/215) of dogs were classified as without clinical signs, 67.5% (145/215) stage I (mild disease), 7.0% (15/215) stage II (moderate disease) and 3.2% (7/215) stage III (severe disease). The results showed that in blood samples, 13A/13B detected a significant higher number of positive dogs in stage I (25/145) and in total (42/215) (p≤0.05). However, when CS samples were tested, no difference was observed (p>0.05). On the other hand, in blood samples, MC1/MC2 detected significantly fewer positive dogs classified as without clinical signs (0/48), in stage I (0/145) and in total (1/215) (p≤0.05). Likewise, in CS samples, this primers showed also lower detection (1/215) (p≤0.05). So than, we can conclude that PCR on blood samples with 13A/13B primers has greater capacity to detect positive dogs, mainly at the initial of clinical disease than do other primers and MC1/MC2 are not a good choice to detect Leishmania infantum infection in dogs.

scholarly journals Study on coinfecting vector-borne pathogens in dogs and ticks in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves ◽  
Kilder Dantas Filgueira ◽  
Silvia Maria Mendes Ahid ◽  
Josivânia Soares Pereira ◽  
André Mendes do Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Babesia Spp

Since dogs presenting several vector borne diseases can show none or nonspecific clinical signs depending on the phase of infection, the assessment of the particular agents involved is mandatory. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Hepatozoon spp. and Leishmania spp. in blood samples and ticks, collected from two dogs from Rio Grande do Norte showing suggestive tick-borne disease by using molecular techniques. DNA of E. canis, H. canis and L. infantum were detected in blood samples and R. sanguineus ticks collected from dogs. Among all samples analyzed, two showed the presence of multiple infections with E. canis, H. canis and L. infantum chagasi. Here we highlighted the need for molecular differential diagnosis in dogs showing nonspecific clinical signs.

scholarly journals Serological and molecular investigation of Leishmania spp. infection in cats from an area endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis in Northeast Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Artur Brilhante Bezerra ◽  
Ilanna Vanessa Pristo de Medeiros Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina Yamakawa ◽  
Mariana Guimarães Nilsson ◽  
Klívio Loreno Raulino Tomaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Leishmania spp. antibodies, and its association with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV), in domestic cats from an area endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Ninety-one cats were subjected to a complete clinical exam, and blood samples were collected. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to investigate the risk factors. IgG anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a cut-off value of 1:40. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect genetic material of Leishmania spp. in the blood samples. The presence of antibodies against FIV and antigens of FeLV was evaluated using an immunochromatographic test. Seropositivity for Leishmania spp., FIV, and FeLV was observed in 14/91 (15.38%), 26/91 (28.57%), and 3/91 (3.29%) cats, respectively. All samples gave negative results on PCR analysis. Based on these data, no significant statistical association was observed between seropositivity for Leishmania spp., and sex, age, presence of clinical signs, evaluated risk factors, and positivity for retroviruses. These findings demonstrated for the first time that cats from Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, are being exposed to this zoonosis and might be part of the epidemiological chain of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Detection of Leishmania infantum in Dogs by PCR with Lymph Node Aspirates and Blood

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2931-2935 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Reale ◽  
L. Maxia ◽  
F. Vitale ◽  
N. S. Glorioso ◽  
S. Caracappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Blood Samples

The PCR technique was applied to the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in dogs, both serologically negative and positive. DNA was taken from lymph node aspirates and blood. The primers 13a and 13b, derived fromLeishmania amazonies and Leishmania braziliensis kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), also amplifiedLeishmania infantum IPT1 constant region of minicircle kDNA. The amplified fragment is 116 bp long. It was cloned and the sequence was determined. A 70-bp inner fragment was designed and used as a probe in dot blot hybridization. A group of 124 dogs was examined, 37 of which showed typical symptoms of disease. PCR was performed on 124 blood samples and 52 lymph node aspirates. Using microscopic examination as the “gold standard,” we calculated sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100% using lymph node aspirates and values of 85, 80, 95, and 57%, respectively, using blood samples. We found that 40% of the animals without lesions and 38% of the animals with clinical signs gave false-negative results by indirect immunofluorescence antibody testing. These animals could contribute to the spreading of infection among dogs, and represent a potential risk for human health as well.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Leishmania spp. in cattle from Brazil by means of PCR using internal transcribed spacer 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-305
Author(s):  
Geovanna Vioti ◽  
João Augusto Franco Leonel ◽  
Kleber Menegon Lemes ◽  
Vanessa Figueredo Pereira ◽  
Helena Lage Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
The State ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Abstract Leishmania spp. are important agents of human and animal leishmaniases that have an important impact on public health. In this study, we aimed to detect the circulation of Leishmania spp. in cattle from a visceral leishmaniasis non-endemic area of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. DNA was extracted from blood samples from 100 heifers in the municipality of Pirassununga and was amplified using primers specific for the first internal transcriber spacer (ITS1), to assess the presence of trypanosomatids. The assays revealed that one sample presented bands of between 300 and 350 base pairs. In GenBank, this sample matched 100% with Leishmania infantum (314 base pairs). The results suggest that cattle can be infected by Leishmania infantum in Brazil.

scholarly journals Single cell transcriptomic re-analysis of immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids reveals the correlation of B cell characteristics and disease severity of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae Won Kim ◽  
Ji Eun Oh ◽  
Heung Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Tnf Superfamily ◽  
Ccl2 Expression ◽  
Different Characteristics

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) is a global infectious disease with rapid spread. Some patients have severe symptoms and clinical signs caused by an excessive inflammatory response, which increases the risk of mortality. In this study, we reanalyzed scRNA-seq data of cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of patients with COVID-19 with mild and severe symptoms, focusing on antibody-producing cells. In patients with severe disease, B cells seemed to be more activated and expressed more immunoglobulin genes compared with cells from patients with mild disease, and macrophages expressed higher levels of the TNF superfamily member B-cell activating factor but not of APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand). In addition, macrophages from patients with severe disease had increased pro-inflammatory features and pathways associated with Fc receptor-mediated signaling, compared with patients with mild disease. CCR2-positive plasma cells accumulated in patients with severe disease, probably because of increased CCL2 expression on macrophages from patients with severe disease. Together, these results support that different characteristics of B cells might affect the severity of COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of indigenous North African goats with goatpox virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihane Hamdi ◽  
Zahra Bamouh ◽  
Mohammed Jazouli ◽  
Meryem Alhyane ◽  
Najet Safini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
North African ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Goatpox Virus

Abstract Background Goatpox is a viral disease caused by infection with goatpox virus (GTPV) of the genus Capripoxvirus, Poxviridae family. Capripoxviruses cause serious disease to livestock and contribute to huge economic losses. Goatpox and sheeppox are endemic to Africa, particularly north of the Equator, the Middle East and many parts of Asia. GTPV and sheeppox virus are considered host-specific; however, both strains can cause clinical disease in either goats or sheep with more severe disease in the homologous species and mild or sub-clinical infection in the other. Goatpox has never been reported in Morocco, Algeria or Tunisia despite the huge population of goats living in proximity with sheep in those countries. To evaluate the susceptibility and pathogenicity of indigenous North African goats to GTPV infection, we experimentally inoculated eight locally bred goats with a virulent Vietnamese isolate of GTPV. Two uninfected goats were kept as controls. Clinical examination was carried out daily and blood was sampled for virology and for investigating the antibody response. After necropsy, tissues were collected and assessed for viral DNA using real-time PCR. Results Following the experimental infection, all inoculated goats displayed clinical signs characteristic of goatpox including varying degrees of hyperthermia, loss of appetite, inactivity and cutaneous lesions. The infection severely affected three of the infected animals while moderate to mild disease was noticed in the remaining goats. A high antibody response was developed. High viral DNA loads were detected in skin crusts and nodules, and subcutaneous tissue at the injection site with cycle threshold (Ct) values ranging from 14.6 to 22.9, while lower viral loads were found in liver and lung (Ct = 35.7 and 35.1). The results confirmed subcutaneous tropism of the virus. Conclusion Clinical signs of goatpox were reproduced in indigenous North African goats and confirmed a high susceptibility of the North African goat breed to GTPV infection. A clinical scoring system is proposed that can be applied in GTPV vaccine efficacy studies.

scholarly journals SAT0541 THE SEVERITY OF FMF MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH CO-MORBIDITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1227.3-1228
Author(s):  
M. E. Tezcan ◽  
N. Şen ◽  
M. Yilmaz ◽  
Ö. Volkan ◽  
E. Tükel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Severity Scoring ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Mediterranean Fever

Background:Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an auto inflammatory disease with recurrent attacks of serositis. Frequent attacks and disease related sequels may be associated with co-morbidities in FMF patients.Objectives:One of the tools for evaluating the FMF severity is the international severity scoring system for FMF (ISSF)1. This score includes disease related sequels, acute phase measurements, attack features and exertional leg pain. Therefore, more severe disease may be link with subclinical inflammation, amyloidosis and frequent, prolonged and widespread attacks. All these components may augment the frequency of non-disease related co-morbidities.Methods:We enrolled 158 FMF patients who fulfilled modifiedTel-HashomerDiagnosisCriteria2. The patients dichotomized based upon disease severity (mild disease or severe disease). Patients with ISSF scores lower or equal to 2 were accepted to have mild disease. Then, we compared frequency of non-disease related co-morbidities between the groups. These co-morbidities arehypertension, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic renal disease (non-FMF related), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and diabetes mellitus. This study was approved by the Local Research Ethics Committee and carried out in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. All the patients gave written informed consent. P-value lower than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:Demographic features, disease duration, smoking history and body mass index (BMI) were similar between the groups. Frequency of co-morbidity in severe disease group was statistically higher than mild disease group (p=0.02). Most frequent co-morbidity was hypertension in both groups.Table.Features of mild and severe FMF groupsMild (n=135)Severe (n=23)pGender (M/F)47/8811/120.23Age36.4±11.336.5±14.30.68Smoking (%)38 (28.1)5 (21.7)0.52BMI (kg/m2)24.3±9.224.0±8.90.34Disease duration (year)7.7±11.38.6±14.30.09Amyloidosis (%)2 (1.4)3 (13.0)0.02Exon 10 homozygote (%)35 (25.9)9 (39.1)0.19Colchicine dosage (mg/day)1.2±0.41.4±0.50.02ISSF scores0.7 ±0.73.4±0.5<0.001Co-morbidity (%)25 (18.5)9 (39.1)0.02Conclusion:In our FMF patient cohort, we found that severity of the disease may be associated with higher frequency of co-morbidities. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the high possibility of co-morbidities in patients with more severe FMF and addressed these co-morbidities timely and properly.References:[1]Demirkaya E, et al. Development and initial validation of international severity scoring system for familial Mediterranean fever (ISSF). Ann Rheum Dis 2016;75:1051-6.[2]Berkun Y, et al. Diagnostic criteria of familial Mediterranean fever. Autoimmun Rev 2014;13:388-90.Acknowledgments:NoneDisclosure of Interests:None declared

A Case Series of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-Positive Hospitalized Infants 60 Days of Age or Younger From 2 New York City Pediatric Emergency Departments

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Ameer Hassoun ◽  
Nessy Dahan ◽  
Christopher Kelly
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The emergence of novel coronavirus disease-2019 poses an unprecedented challenge to pediatricians. While the majority of children experience mild disease, initial case reports on young infants are conflicting. We present a case series of 8 hospitalized infants 60 days of age or younger with coronavirus disease-2019. A quarter of these patients had coinfections (viral or bacterial). None of these infants had severe disease. Continued vigilance in testing this vulnerable group of infants is warranted.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2-Laden Respiratory Aerosol Deposition in the Lung Alveolar-Interstitial Region Is a Potential Risk Factor for Severe Disease: A Modeling Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Sabine Hofer ◽  
Norbert Hofstätter ◽  
Albert Duschl ◽  
Martin Himly
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Aerosol Deposition ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Disease Initiation

COVID-19, predominantly a mild disease, is associated with more severe clinical manifestation upon pulmonary involvement. Virion-laden aerosols and droplets target different anatomical sites for deposition. Compared to droplets, aerosols more readily advance into the peripheral lung. We performed in silico modeling to confirm the secondary pulmonary lobules as the primary site of disease initiation. By taking different anatomical aerosol origins into consideration and reflecting aerosols from exhalation maneuvers breathing and vocalization, the physicochemical properties of generated respiratory aerosol particles were defined upon conversion to droplet nuclei by evaporation at ambient air. To provide detailed, spatially-resolved information on particle deposition in the thoracic region of the lung, a top-down refinement approach was employed. Our study presents evidence for hot spots of aerosol deposition in lung generations beyond the terminal bronchiole, with a maximum in the secondary pulmonary lobules and a high preference to the lower lobes of both lungs. In vivo, initial chest CT anomalies, the ground glass opacities, resulting from partial alveolar filling and interstitial thickening in the secondary pulmonary lobules, are likewise localized in these lung generations, with the highest frequency in both lower lobes and in the early stage of disease. Hence, our results suggest a disease initiation right there upon inhalation of virion-laden respiratory aerosols, linking the aerosol transmission route to pathogenesis associated with higher disease burden and identifying aerosol transmission as a new independent risk factor for developing a pulmonary phase with a severe outcome.

Correlations between tissue parasite load and common clinical signs in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 109368
Author(s):  
Úrsula Maira Russo Chagas ◽  
Daniel Moreira de Avelar ◽  
Andreza Pain Marcelino ◽  
Gustavo Fontes Paz ◽  
Célia Maria Ferreira Gontijo
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Parasite Load
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