Characterization of Flowering Time and Pollen Production in Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) towards a Strategy for the Selection of Elite Male Genotypes

The seeds of the dioecious shrub jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) yield a liquid wax that is in high demand for the cosmetics industry. While elite female cultivars of this species are currently clonally propagated, male plants are grown from seed, resulting in large variations in both the flowering period and the pollen viability, and hence large variation in yields. We characterized the existing male plant material in a local plantation as a platform for future selection of elite male cultivars that would produce sufficient amounts of viable pollen throughout the extended flowering period of the female cultivars. Using as a guide the number of viable pollen grains per 1-m branch, defined here as the calculated effective pollen productivity (EPP), we identified plants with an elevated EPP that flower concurrently with the female cultivars.

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Reproductive characterization of interspecific hybrids among Capsicum species

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332011000300006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 241-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro ◽

Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽

Karina Pereira de Campos

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Viable Pollen ◽

Hybrid Combination ◽

Capsicum Species ◽

The Cross

The objective of this study was the reproductive characterization of Capsicum accessions as well as of interspecific hybrids, based on pollen viability. Hybrids were obtained between Capsicum species. Pollen viability was high in most accessions, indicating that meiosis is normal, resulting in viable pollen grains. The pollen viability of species C. pubescens was the lowest (27 %). The interspecific hybrids had varying degrees of pollen viability, from fertile combinations (C. chinense x C. frutescens and C. annuum x C. baccatum) to male sterile combinations. Pollen viability also varied within the hybrid combination according to accessions used in the cross. Results indicate that male sterility is one of the incompatibility barriers among Capsicum species since hybrids can be established, but may be male sterile.

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The influence of pollen viability on seed set and fruit mass in strawberry (fragaria x ananassa duch.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2008.010 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 79-84

Author(s):

Elżbieta Kaczmarska ◽

Agnieszka M. Dobrowolska ◽

Jerzy A. Hortyński

Keyword(s):

Pollen Fertility ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Great Influence ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Fragaria X Ananassa ◽

Strawberry Fruit ◽

Viable Pollen ◽

Small Fruit ◽

Horticultural Plant ◽

Fruit Mass

This research was conducted in 2006 in the Experimental Station of the Department of Genetics and Horticultural Plant Breeding in Felin near Lublin. It included 7 cultivars of strawberry ('Pastel', 'Salut', 'Teresa', 'Jota', 'Paula', 'Senga Sengana', 'Plena') and two selected clones: 2395 and 3995 that belonged to the Department. Analysis of pollen fertility was carried out on the basis of materials collected on five occasions: on May 17 (at the beginning of florescence), May 20 and May 24 (the peak of florescence) and on June 2 and June 13 (the end of florescence). Smear preparations stained with 2% acetocarmin and glycerin solution (1:1) were used to test pollen viability. The highest percent of viable pollen in 2006 was in cultivar 'Jota' (70.88%). The lowest viability had pollen of 'Teresa' cultivar (33.83%). The average content of viable pollen grains was the lowest on May 20 (36.79%). The highest pollen fertility was noted on June 2 (62.15%), the percent of fertile pollen on a similar level was observed on May 17 and 24 and June13. The cultivar 'Jota' was characterized by an increased level of pollen fertility that was quite high during the whole period of florescence. The number of seeds has a great influence on the proper development of spurious strawberry fruit. The mass of seeds from a single fruit has a great influence on the mass of fruits in both large and small fruit categories. Pollen viability affected the mass of seeds on big fruits (r = 0.444), but there is no clear direct relationship between pollen fertility and mass of strawberry fruit(r = -0.193 and r = -0.052).

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Pollen grain traits of oil species from the Novi Sad collection

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr0903263a ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 263-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jovanka Atlagic ◽

Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela ◽

Radovan Marinkovic ◽

Sreten Terzic

Keyword(s):

Staining Method ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Grain Morphology ◽

Pollen Grain ◽

Viable Pollen ◽

Continuous Work ◽

Novi Sad ◽

Pollen Grain Morphology ◽

Specific Number

The collection of oil species in Novi Sad contains 12 species represented with 1-4 cultivars or landraces. In the continuous work on this collection in the sense of breeding of some of those species and their usage as a source of 'desirable genes' we analyzed pollen grain morphology (shape and size), as well as pollen viability. To determine mentioned pollen traits we used Axiovert 40C microscope together with a software package (AxioVision LE; Rel.4.3.) for measurement of pollen length and width. Pollen viability was determined using a staining method (ALEXANDER, 1969). The results showed that species differ by pollen grain shape (round, egg-shaped, triangular and rod) as well as by shape of exine (thick and spiky, thick to thin). In some species there was a specific number of apertures present (1-11). The size of viable pollen grains ranged from 29,10/12,58? (coriander) to 176,63/169,94? (oil gourd), while non-viable pollen grains were always smaller (27,27/10,97? to 119,62/100,86?) at the same plant species. Pollen viability of most species was around 80%. Lowest pollen viability was found in white flax (56,98%), and the highest in oil pumpkin (91,43%).

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Pollen Grain and Hybridization Studies in the Genus Capsicum

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb819767 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 134-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomi Lois OLATUNJI ◽

Joseph Akintade MORAKINYO

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Pollen Grain ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Putative Hybrid ◽

Gene Exchange ◽

Viable Pollen ◽

Pollination Success ◽

Capsicum Species

The current study aimed to evaluate the pollen viability of the commonly cultivated varieties of Capsicum species and assessed the potentials for gene exchange among the genotypes through hybridization studies. Capsicum annuum var. abbreviatum, C. annuum var. acuminatum, C. annuum var. grossum and C. frutescens var. baccatum were the species and varieties used in this study. The present findings indicated that the percentage of pollen viability varied in the studied Capsicum genotypes. The highest pollen viability was obtained in C. annuum var. abbreviatum (96.3%), followed by C. annuum var. grossum (95%), and C. annuum var. acuminatum (91.1%). The lowest pollen viability was recorded in C. frutescens var. baccatum (86.2%). The pollen viability was high in most varieties indicating that meiosis is normal, resulting in viable pollen grains. Several intraspecific and interspecific crosses were performed among the Capsicum genotypes and three putative hybrid fruits were produced. Percentage successes obtained in the crosses were low and comparable in both intra and inter-specific crosses. In the entire crosses pattern, pollination success of 10% was recorded for C. frutescens var. baccatum and C. annuum var. acuminatum. Knowing the nature and viability of pollen grains may help in predicting the success rate of hybridization and the successful crosses between C. frutescens var. baccatum and C. annuum var. acuminatum suggest that these two varieties are the closest genetically.

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Morphology and pollen viability of Lolium multiflorum Lam.

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542012000200006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 180-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Renata de Castro Nunes ◽

Fernanda de Oliveira Bustamante ◽

Vânia Helena Techio ◽

Andréa Mittelmann

Keyword(s):

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar Axis ◽

High Rate ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Breeding Populations

Study and characterization of pollen grains are essential for different areas, especially taxonomy, genetic improvement, phylogeny, and paleobotany. As yet, there are no reports on pollen morphology of genotypes of naturalized Lolium multiflorum Lam., introduced cultivars or breeding populations, diploid or polyploid. Ten genotypes of annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) were evaluated for the viability of pollen grains using propionic carmine and Alexander's stains, while morphology was assessed by the acetolysis technique. Measures of polar axis (P), equatorial diameter (E), exine thickness, and analysis of pollen grains were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All genotypes showed high rate of pollen viability (> 89%) for both stains. There were differences between genotypes in the following quantitative traits: polar axis, equatorial diameter, exine, endexine, ektexine, and P/E ratio. Pollen grains were characterized as small, monoporates, with circular and non-prominent apertures. In addition to helping distinction of pollen grains, morphometric differences can be used later to compare ploidy levels, thus assisting in breeding programs of the species.

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In vitro pollen viability of maize cultivars at different times of collection

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20151077 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emanoel Sanches Martins ◽

Livia Maria Chamma Davide ◽

Gian José Miranda ◽

Jefferson de Oliveira Barizon ◽

Francisco de Assis Souza Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pollen Viability ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Viable Pollen ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Solid Media ◽

Tetrazolium Staining ◽

Clustering Test

ABSTRACT: In the present study, we aimed to assess the in vitro viability of pollen grains from maize cultivars collected at different times and days in the field. Four cultivars (Sol da Manhã, XB 6012, XB 8010, and BRS 2020) were evaluated from the second to fifth day of anthesis in three times. Pollen samples were evaluated for their in vitro viability through standard germination test in liquid and solid media and tetrazolium staining. The experimental design was completely randomized, in 4x4x3 split-split plots with four replicates. Data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by a means clustering test and linear regression analysis. The average percentage of viable pollen varied according to the day, collection time, and cultivar. In general, XB 8010 and BRS 2020 had the highest frequency of viable pollen. The highest percentages of viable pollen were observed on the second day of anthesis at 10:00h.

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Initial segmentation patterns of microspores and pollen viability in soybean cultured anthers: indication of chromosome doubling

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132004000500005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 703-712 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Milena Barcelos Cardoso ◽

Eliane Kaltchuk-Santos ◽

Elsa Cristina de Mundstock ◽

Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Doubling ◽

Culture Media ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Chromosome Counts ◽

Viable Pollen ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Initial Segmentation ◽

Bud Size

Anthers obtained from flowers buds of soybean cultivar IAS-5 were cultured in two basal culture media (B5 and B5 long). Cytological examinations of the in vitro anthers were performed during the first 20 days of culture to assay the viability (by propionic-carmine and fluorescein diacetate tests) and the stage of development of pollen grains. The frequencies of viable pollen grains varied significantly between bud sizes on the propionic-carmine analysis. The basal culture media and bud size had no clear effect on the frequencies of binucleate symmetrical and multinucleate pollen grains. Chromosome counts of metaphasic microspores throughout the culture period showed microspores with higher ploidy level in addition to normal chromosome number (n=20).

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Flowering Biological Characteristics of Camellia weiningensis Y.K. Li.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci16024-21 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Hongli Wei ◽

Chao Gao ◽

Jie Qiu ◽

Li Long ◽

Biao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pollen Tube ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Floral Organ ◽

Biological Characteristics ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Stigma Receptivity ◽

Full Flowering

This study aimed to investigate the flowering biological characteristics, floral organ characteristics, and pollen morphology of Camellia weiningensis Y.K. Li. These features of adult C. weiningensis plants were observed via light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen viability and stigma receptivity were detected using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazole chloride (TTC) staining and the benzidine–hydrogen peroxide reaction method. C. weiningensis is monoecious, with alternate leaves and glabrous branchlets. Its flowering period lasts 2 to 4 months, and the flowering time of individual plants lasts ≈50 days, with the peak flowering period from the end of February to the middle of March. It is a “centralized flowering” plant that attracts a large number of pollinators. Individual flowers are open for 12 to 13 days, mostly between 1230 and 1630 hr, and include four to six sepals, six to eight petals, ≈106 stamens, an outer ring of ≈24.6-mm-long stamens, an inner ring of ≈13.4-mm-long stamens, one pistil, and nine to 12 ovules. The flowers are light pink. The style is two- to three-lobed and 16.6 mm long, showing a curly “Y” shape. The contact surface of the style is covered with papillary cells and displays abundant secretory fluid and a full shape, facilitating pollen adhesion. The pollen is rhombohedral cone-shaped, and there are germ pores (tremoids). The groove of the germ pore is slender and extends to the two poles (nearly reaching the two poles). The pollen is spherical in equatorial view and trilobate in polar view. The pollen vitality was highest at the full flowering stage, and the stigma receptivity was greatest on days 2 to 3 of flowering. The best concentration of sucrose medium for pollen germination was 100 g/L. The number of pollen grains per anther was ≈2173, and the pollen-to-ovule ratio was 23,034:1. C. weiningensis is cross-pollinated. Seventy-two hours after cross-pollination, the pollen tube reached the base, and a small part entered the ovary. The time when the pollen tube reached the base after pollination was later than that in commonly grown Camellia oleifera. The results of this study might lay an important foundation for the flowering management, pollination time selection, and cross-breeding of C. weiningensis.

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Pollen productivity and morphology of pollen grains in two cultivars of honeyberry (Lonicera kamtschatica (Sevast.) Pojark.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2007.008 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 73-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Małgorzata Bożek

Keyword(s):

Honey Bees ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Pollen Production ◽

Pollen Productivity

In the years 2004-2006, investigations on the abundance of pollen production in two cultivars of <i>Lonicera kamtschatica</i> (Sevast.) Pojark. - Atut and Duet, were conducted at the Felin Experimental Farm of the Agricultural University in Lublin. Moreover, the viability of pollen grains was estimated and measurements of their size were taken. Ten flowers of both studied cultivars supplied 11.42 mg of pollen and the average pollen productivity per 1 ha of a several-years-old plantation was 30.04 kg. The pollen of the observed plants was eagerly collected by honey bees. Pollen grains of both cultivars are suboblate. Considering their size, they can be described as large ones (P=47.55 µm, E=60.37 µm). Pollen viability for both cultivars is high, about 95%.

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EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON POLLEN VIABILITY OF SIX ROSE SPECIES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps76-085 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 517-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. KHOSH-KHUI ◽

A. BASSIRI ◽

M. NIKNEJAD

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Pollen Storage ◽

Viable Pollen ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Partial Vacuum ◽

Relative Humidity Data

Pollen of six species of genus Rosa was stored under partial vacuum at 0 and 25 C and 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% relative humidity. Data obtained showed significant interaction between temperature and humidity. The best conditions for pollen storage at 0 C were 50 and 70% relative humidity, while at 25 C, the best humidity was 30 and 50%, respectively. Most species reached the highest percentage of viable pollen in 2–3 wk of storage. It was concluded that for short periods of pollen storage, 25 C was more suitable than 0 C for rose pollen. Differences among responses of Rosa pollen grains to storage environment are discussed.

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