Análisis del crecimiento de Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., en presencia de barreras vivas

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

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Liposomes Loaded with Unsaponifiable Matter from Amaranthus hypochondriacus as a Source of Squalene and Carrying Soybean Lunasin Inhibited Melanoma Cells

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081960 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1960

Author(s):

Erick Damian Castañeda-Reyes ◽

Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia ◽

Fred Joseph Eller ◽

Mark A. Berhow ◽

María de Jesús Perea-Flores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Unsaponifiable Matter ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Melanoma Cells ◽

Amaranthus Hypochondriacus ◽

Liposome Formulation ◽

Reported Health ◽

Amaranth Oil ◽

Melanoma Cell Lines

Amaranthus hypochondriacus is a source of molecules with reported health benefits such as antioxidant activity and cancer prevention. The objective of this research was to optimize the conditions for preparing a liposome formulation using amaranth unsaponifiable matter as a source of squalene in order to minimize the particle size and to maximize the encapsulation efficiency of liposomes for carrying and delivering soybean lunasin into melanoma cell lines. Amaranth oil was extracted using supercritical dioxide carbon extraction (55.2 MPa pressure, 80 °C temperature, solvent (CO2)-to-feed (oil) ratio of 20). The extracted oil from amaranth was used to obtain the unsaponifiable enriched content of squalene, which was incorporated into liposomes. A Box–Behnken response surface methodology design was used to optimize the liposome formulation containing the unsaponifiable matter, once liposomes were optimized. Soybean lunasin was loaded into the liposomes and tested on A-375 and B16-F10 melanoma cells. The squalene concentration in the extracted oil was 36.64 ± 0.64 g/ 100 g of oil. The particle size in liposomes was between 115.8 and 163.1 nm; the squalene encapsulation efficiency ranged from 33.14% to 76.08%. The optimized liposome formulation contained 15.27 mg of phospholipids and 1.1 mg of unsaponifiable matter. Cell viability was affected by the liposome formulation with a half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) equivalent to 225 μM in B16-F10 and 215 μM in A-375. The liposomes formulated with lunasin achieved 82.14 ± 3.34% lunasin encapsulation efficiency and improved efficacy by decreasing lunasin IC50 by 31.81% in B16-F10 and by 41.89% in A-375 compared with unencapsulated lunasin.

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Illumination Increases the Affinity of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase to Bicarbonate in Leaves of a C4 Plant, Amaranthus hypochondriacus

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/pcp/pcd012 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (8) ◽

pp. 905-910 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

K. Parvathi ◽

A.S. Bhagwat ◽

Y. Ueno ◽

K. Izui ◽

A.S. Raghavendra

Keyword(s):

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase ◽

C4 Plant ◽

Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

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Bioactive Peptides in Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Seed

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf072911z ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 1233-1240 ◽

Cited By ~ 166

Author(s):

C. Silva-Sánchez ◽

A. P. Barba de la Rosa ◽

M. F. León-Galván ◽

B. O. de Lumen ◽

A. de León-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Peptides ◽

Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

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Proteomic Analysis of Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) Leaves under Drought Stress

International Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1086/605119 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 170 (8) ◽

pp. 990-998 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

José Ángel Huerta-Ocampo ◽

Erika Patricia Briones-Cerecero ◽

Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández ◽

Antonio De León-Rodríguez ◽

Ana Paulina Barba de la Rosa

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

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Relationship of Cultivated Grain Amaranth Species and Wild Relative Accessions

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12121849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1849

Author(s):

Ranjita Thapa ◽

Matthew Edwards ◽

Matthew W. Blair

Keyword(s):

Wild Species ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

South American Species ◽

Amaranthus Cruentus ◽

Amaranthus Hypochondriacus ◽

Major Allele Frequency ◽

Population Structure Analysis ◽

Amaranth Species ◽

Relationship Of

Amaranthus is a genus of C4 dicotyledonous herbaceous plants, and three New World species have been domesticated to produce grain crops with light colored seed which are classified as pseudo-cereals rich in protein and minerals. A core collection of grain amaranths and immediate precursor species has been established, representing the closest related species. The goal of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity in that collection of cultivated and wild species, using competitive allele single nucleotide polymorphism markers. A secondary objective was to determine the relationships among the three cultivated species and non-domesticated Amaranthus, while a third objective was to evaluate the utility of the markers in detecting diversity in the 276 genotypes. The markers were found to be highly variable with an average polymorphism information content of 0.365. All markers were bi-allelic; and the major allele frequency ranged from 0.388 to 0.871. Population structure analysis of the cultigens revealed the presence of two sub populations. Phylogeny confirmed that the two Mesoamerican species, Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus, were related and distant from the South American species Amaranthus caudatus, which in turn was very closely clustered with Amaranthus quitensis, even though this is considered a weedy relative. The first pair of species were likely to have inter-crossed, while the latter two likely exist in a wild-cultivated hybrid state. In conclusion, the results of this SNP study provided insights on amaranth cultivars and their relationship to wild species, the probable domestication events leading to the cultivars, and possible crop breeding or germplasm conservation strategies.

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