Craniofacial and Pharyngeal Cephalometric Morphology in Seven-Year-Old Boys with Unoperated Submucous Cleft Palate and without a Cleft

Objective: To evaluate cephalometrically the craniofacial and pharyngeal morphology in 7-year-old boys with unoperated submucous cleft palate and to compare the findings with the morphology of 7-year-old boys without clefts. Setting and Patients: Thirty-two boys with unoperated submucous cleft palate and 49 boys without a cleft were compared retrospectively from lateral cephalograms taken at the mean age of 7 years (range, 5.5 to 8.6 years). Design: A retrospective case-control study. Outcome Measure: Linear and angular measurements were obtained from lateral cephalograms. A Student's t test was used in the statistical analysis. Results: The maxilla of the boys with submucous cleft palate was shorter and slightly more retrusive in relation to the cranial base than that of boys without clefts. Also, the mandible of the boys with submucous cleft palate was smaller, with a steeper mandibular plane. The relationship between the jaws was similar in both groups; although, those without clefts showed higher values for soft tissue maxillary prominence. In the pharyngeal area, the boys with submucous cleft palate had larger nasopharyngeal depths, smaller hypopharyngeal depths, and shorter soft palates than the boys without a cleft. Conclusions: This small study suggests that the boys with unoperated submucous cleft palate have minor distinctive morphological features in the maxillary, mandibular, and pharyngeal areas.

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Association of Higher Circulating Insulin Antibody with Increased Mean Amplitude Glycemic Excursion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional, Retrospective Case-Control Study

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2019/7304140 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jian Zhu ◽

Lu Yuan ◽

Wen-ji Ni ◽

Yong Luo ◽

Jian-hua Ma

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Mean Amplitude ◽

Case Control ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

Insulin antibody (IA) may potentially affect a patient’s glycemic control due to its variability in both binding and/or releasing insulin. However, the association between IA titer and daily glycemic variability (GV) is still unknown. We thus performed this cross-sectional, retrospective case-control study to assess the relationship between IA titer and mean amplitude glycemic excursion (MAGE) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system. We recruited 100 eligible patients (IA>5%, IA positive) and divided them into two groups—a low (L) group and a high (H) group—based on their IA titer. The control (C) group consisted of 47 patients (IA≤5%, IA negative) matched for age, BMI, gender, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The CGM determined the GV of enrolled patients. The primary outcome was the relationship between the IA titer and the MAGE, and the secondary outcome was the differences of GV among the three groups. We found that patients in the H group had higher levels of blood glucose fluctuation parameters than those in the L and C groups. The Ln(IA) was positively correlated with Ln(MAGE) even after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, HbA1c, and fasting and postprandial C-peptide(r=0.423, p<0.001). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that Ln(IA) was an independent factor of Ln(MAGE) (beta=0.405, p<0.001). In conclusion, the higher circulating IA titer was associated with increased MAGE in T2DM patients, indicating that those patients with elevated IA titer should receive GV assessment and individualized treatment.

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The maxillary incisor display at rest: analysis of the underlying components

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.23.6.048-055.oar ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 48-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Waqar Jeelani ◽

Mubassar Fida ◽

Attiya Shaikh

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Plane Angle ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Facial Height ◽

Mandibular Plane ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maxillary incisal display is one of the most important attributes of smile esthetics. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between maxillary incisal display at rest (MIDR) and various soft tissue, hard tissue and dental components. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 subjects (75 males, 75 females) aged 18-30 years. The MIDR was recorded from the pretreatment orthodontic records. The following parameters were assessed on lateral cephalograms: ANB angle, mandibular plane angle, palatal plane angle, lower anterior and total anterior facial heights, upper incisor inclination, upper anterior dentoalveolar height, and upper lip length, thickness and protrusion. The relationship between MIDR and various skeletal, dental and soft tissue components was assessed using linear regression analyses. Results: The mean MIDR was significantly greater in females than males (p = 0.011). A significant positive correlation was found between MIDR and ANB angle, mandibular plane angle and lower anterior facial height. A significant negative correlation was found between MIDR and upper lip length and thickness. Linear regression analysis showed that upper lip length was the strongest predictor of MIDR, explaining 29.7% of variance in MIDR. A multiple linear regression model based on mandibular plane angle, lower anterior facial height, upper lip length and upper lip thickness explained about 63.4% of variance in MIDR. Conclusions: Incisal display at rest was generally greater in females than males. Multiple factors play a role in determining MIDR, nevertheless upper lip length was found to be the strongest predictor of variations in MIDR.

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Increased Gustatory Response Score in Obesity and Association Levels with IL-6 and Leptin

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2016/7924052 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nesrine Remla ◽

Zeyneb Hadjidj ◽

Kamel Ghezzaz ◽

Soraya Moulessehoul ◽

Mourad Aribi

Keyword(s):

Low Grade ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Odds Ratio Estimate ◽

Taste Alteration ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Circulating Levels ◽

Response Score ◽

Control Study

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the circulating IL-6 and leptin levels with taste alteration in young obese patients.Methods. A retrospective case-control study was conducted in thirty obese patients and thirty age- and sex-matched healthy controls.Results. Circulating levels of IL-6 and leptin were significantly increased in obese patients than in controls. However, catalase and ORAC levels were significantly decreased in obese patients compared to controls. Additionally, obese participants had high scores for the detection of fats (gustatory response scores [GRS];p<0.001). Moreover, IL-6 and leptin were strongly associated with GRS alteration among patients with GRS 4 (resp., OR =17.5 [95% CI, 1.56–193.32;p=0.007]; OR = 16 [95% CI, 1.69–151.11;p=0.006]). For the Mantel-Haenszel common odds ratio estimate (MH OR), IL-6 and leptin were strongly associated with obesity, in patients with either GRS 4 or GRS > 4 (resp., MH OR = 8.77 [95% CI, 2.06–37.44;p=0.003]; MH OR = 5.76 [95% CI, 1.64–20.24;p=0.006]).Conclusions. In a low grade inflammation linked to obesity, taste alteration is associated with high levels of IL-6 and leptin.

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The relationship between resited epidural catheters after secondary epidural catheter failure and vaginal delivery: A retrospective case‐control study

Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica ◽

10.1111/aas.13734 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sharon Orbach‐Zinger ◽

Leonid. A. Eidelman ◽

Susan A.Wazwaz ◽

Avi Ben‐Haroush ◽

Shlomo Fireman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epidural Catheter ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Catheter Failure ◽

Epidural Catheters ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

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Predisposing Factors to Formation of Cleft Lip and Palate: Inherited Craniofacial Skeletal Morphology

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/03-090.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 613-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Evangelia Chatzistavrou ◽

R. Bruce Ross ◽

Bryan D. Tompson ◽

Malcom C. Johnston

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Cranial Base ◽

Length Ratio ◽

Control Individual ◽

Skeletal Morphology ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Student’S T

Objective To identify inherited craniofacial morphologic features in individuals at high risk for cleft of the lip, cleft palate, or both. Subjects Twins without cleft from 33 pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for cleft lip, cleft palate, or both were studied. There were 17 males and 16 females of Caucasian origin, ranging from 3 to 18 years (15 with cleft lip and palate [CLP], 10 with cleft lip [CL], and 8 with cleft palate [CP]), collected from five craniofacial centers (United States and Canada). Design The twin without cleft (noncleft) from each set was compared with an age- and sex-matched control individual from the Burlington Growth Centre, Toronto, Ontario. Posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms were traced and digitized using a computer custom analysis. Descriptive statistics, Student's t tests, and analysis of variance were used to test 40 variables in a pilot study comparing the noncleft twin groups with the controls. Preliminary analysis permitted pooling of the CLP and CL groups (n = 25). To minimize false-positive significance, only 14 variables (from the maxillofacial area) were tested. Results Using the raw probabilities, eight variables showed significant differences between the pooled noncleft CLP and CL (CL[P]) twin group and the controls. However, when the level of significance was adjusted, only four (nasal width [p < .01], cranial base length [p < .05], cranial base width/length ratio [p < .001], and maxillary width/length ratio [p < .05]) were significantly different. No significant differences were confirmed between the noncleft CP twin group and the controls. Conclusions The noncleft member of a discordant monozygotic pair has a number of facial characteristics that differ from the general population. These may predispose to the formation of a cleft lip or palate and may result from a deficiency or distortion of the mesenchyme that forms the craniofacial structures.

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Changes in the Height of Velopharyngeal Closure Relative to the Cervical Spine From Infancy Through Adolescence in Patients With Cleft Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665617732784 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 508-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kazlin N. Mason ◽

John E. Riski ◽

Jamie L. Perry

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Cleft Palate ◽

Normative Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Velopharyngeal Closure ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

The Relationship

Objective: Palpation is often used to identify C1, an intraoperative landmark, for placement of the pharyngoplasty. However, little is known about the relationship between the palatal plane (PP) and this cervical spine landmark across select variables. This study seeks to analyze variations in the height of velopharyngeal closure relative to C1 across differing cleft types and age groups. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Large, multidisciplinary center for craniofacial disorders. Methods: Clinical lateral cephalograms were analyzed in nonsyndromic patients who underwent primary palatoplasty. Regression analysis and analysis of covariance were completed to determine how age and cleft type impact underlying cervical and velopharyngeal measures. Results: Age ( P < .001) and cleft type ( P = .036) were significant predictors of the distance between the height of velopharyngeal closure and C1. Those with greater severity of clefting demonstrated larger distances between the height of velopharyngeal closure and C1. Compared to normative data, children with cleft palate have significantly larger distances between the PP and C1. The height of velopharyngeal closure above C1 was observed to range from 3.6 to 12.6 mm across cleft populations. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the variability in C1 as a landmark across variables including cleft type and age. Because of differences in the height of velopharyngeal closure across cleft types relative to C1, it is necessary to preoperatively quantify the vertical distance between the PP and palpable intraoperative landmark, C1, to determine the appropriate height of pharyngoplasty insertion.

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Assisted Reproductive Technology and Anorectal Malformation: A Single-Center Experience

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.705385 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Chiara Iacusso ◽

Barbara Daniela Iacobelli ◽

Francesco Morini ◽

Giorgia Totonelli ◽

Milena Viggiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Anorectal Malformation ◽

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Single Center ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Single Center Experience ◽

Potential Association ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

Background: Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are becoming widespread, accounting for approximately 2% of all births in the western countries. Concerns exist on the potential association of ART with congenital anomalies. Few studies have addressed if a relationship exists between ART and the development of anorectal malformation (ARM). Our aim was to analyze the relationship between ARM and ART.Methods: Single-center retrospective case control study of all patients treated for ARM between 2010 and 2017. Patients with bronchiolitis treated since 2014 were used as controls. Variables analyzed include the following: prevalence of ART, gestational age, birth weight, and maternal age. Patients with ARM born after ART were also compared with those naturally conceived for disease complexity. Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used as appropriate.Results: Three hundred sixty-nine patients were analyzed (143 cases and 226 controls). Prevalence of ART was significantly higher in ARM patients than in controls [7.6 vs. 3.0%; odds ratio: 2.59 (95% CI, 0.98–0.68); p = 0.05]. Among ARM patients, incidence of VACTERL association (17%) is more frequent in ART babies.Conclusion: Patients with ARM were more likely to be conceived following ART as compared with controls without congenital anomalies. Disease complexity of patients with ARM born after ART seems greater that those born after nonassisted conception.

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A Comparative Study of Reliability and Accuracy of Manual and Digital Lateral Cephalometric Tracing

Journal of Contemporary Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1136 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Amol Mhatre ◽

VK Ravindranath ◽

Girish Karandikar ◽

Alok Rajendra Shah

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Digital Imaging ◽

Plane Angle ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Mandibular Plane ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Angular Measurements ◽

Digital Measurements ◽

Student’S T ◽

Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and accuracy of several types of lateral cephalometric attributes commonly used: Angular measurements, linear measurements, and ratio when using digital cephalometric software (Nemoceph) with manual tracing method. Materials and Methods Sample size consisted of 26 lateral cephalometric radiographs. All cephalograms were subjected to both manual and digital cephalometric analysis by the same examiner. Digital analyses were performed on Nemotec digital imaging software. Cephalograms were assessed for a total of 17 cephalometric attributes. The results were assessed using Student's t-test. Results Six out of 17 measurements, i.e., sella, nasion, B point, ANB, incisor mandibular plane angle, mandibular plane angle, L1-NB, and Jarabak ratio, showed statistically significant difference between the manual and digital methods. Conclusion Digital measurements obtained with Nemotec digital imaging software were found to be comparable to the manual method for most of the variables used in clinical practice. How to cite this article Shah AR, Karandikar G, Ravindranath VK, Sonawane M, Mhatre A. A Comparative Study of Reliability and Accuracy of Manual and Digital Lateral Cephalometric Tracing. J Contemp D ent 2016;6(1):15-18.

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The relationship between glycated haemoglobin levels and the risk of giant cell arteritis – a case–control study

Rheumatology Advances in Practice ◽

10.1093/rap/rkaa018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Chetan Mukhtyar ◽

Holly Myers ◽

Colin Jones ◽

Ketan Dhatariya

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Glycated Haemoglobin ◽

Primary Outcome Measure ◽

Case Control ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Core Dataset ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

Abstract Objectives The EULAR core dataset for observational studies in GCA does not include glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). A multivariable score to stratify the pre-test probability of GCA also does not include HbA1c. There have been contradictory reports about diabetes mellitus being a risk factor for GCA. We report the first study analysing the relationship of pre-diagnosis HbA1c with the risk of GCA. Methods This was a single-centre retrospective case–control study conducted in Norfolk, UK. All GCA cases were diagnosed with imaging or biopsy. Each case was assigned two age- and sex-matched controls. The primary outcome measure was the glycaemic status (HbA1c categorized into euglycaemia, pre-diabetes or diabetes mellitus) at diagnosis between cases and controls. The HbA1c was compared between two groups using the Mann–Whitney U test. The glycaemic categorization was compared using the χ2 test. Results One hundred and twelve cases and 224 controls were included. The median (interquartile range) of HbA1c of cases and controls was 40 (37, 43) and 41 (39, 47) mmol/mol (P < 0.001), respectively. Ten of 112 cases and 52 of 224 controls had diabetes mellitus. The χ2 test demonstrated a significant interaction between glycaemic state and GCA (P = 0.006). Individuals with diabetes mellitus had an odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.32 (0.13, 0.74) (P = 0.008) of having GCA compared with euglycaemic individuals. Conclusion HbA1c in the diabetic range reduces the probability of GCA. HbA1c should be considered in any multivariable score to calculate the risk of GCA, and in future development of diagnostic and classification criteria. There is a need for an epidemiological study looking at the possibility of a protective nature of diabetes mellitus against GCA or whether it is only a mimic.

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