Assessment of a more conservative stink bug economic threshold for managing stink bugs in Brazilian soybean production

Stink bugs are major pests in diverse crops around the world. Pest management strategies based on insect behavioral manipulation could help to develop biorational management strategies of stink bugs. Insect mating disruption using vibratory signals is an approach with high potential for pest management. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of conspecific female rival signals on the mating behavior and copulation of three stink bug species to establish their potential for mating disruption. Previously recorded female rival signals were played back to bean plants where pairs of the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, and two green stink bugs, Chinavia ubica and Chinavia impicticornis were placed. Vibratory communication and mating behavior were recorded for each pair throughout the experimental time (20 min). Female rival signals show a disrupting effect on the reproductive behavior of three conspecific investigated stink bug species. This effect was more clearly expressed in E. heros and C. ubica than in C. impicticornis. The likelihood of copulating in pairs placed on control plants, without rival signals, increased 29.41 times in E. heros, 4.6 times in C. ubica and 1.71 times in C. impicticornis. However, in the last case, the effect of female rivalry signals in copulation was not significant. The effect of mating disruption of female rival signals of the three stink bug species may originate from the observed reduction in specific vibratory communication signals emitted, which influences the duet formation and further development of different phases of mating behavior. Our results suggest that female rival signals have potential for application in manipulation and disruption of mating behavior of stink bugs. Further work needs to focus on the effects of female rival signals used in long duration experiments and also their interactions with chemical communication of stink bugs.

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Pentatomids associated with blackberry

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542014000300005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 256-261

Author(s):

Mauricio Paulo Batistella Pasini ◽

Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Nezara Viridula ◽

Brown Spot ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Dark Brown Spot ◽

Euschistus Heros ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Piezodorus Guildinii

Information concerning the presence of stink bugs in blackberry (Rubus spp.) in Brazil is sparse. This study aimed to identify the stink bug species associated with blackberry, to establish the daily dynamics and evaluate the fruits damage. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in blackberry orchard. Presence and evaluations of stink bugs were done weekly through visual and sweeping samplings at different day times. Five species of pentatomids were identified: Piezodorus guildinii, Nezara viridula, Euschistus heros, Dichelops furcatus and Edessa meditabunda. The bugs attack the drupelets producing a dark brown spot and wrinkled berries.

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A morphological, biological and molecular approach reveals four cryptic species of Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), egg parasitoids of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera)

Journal of Hymenoptera Research ◽

10.3897/jhr.73.39052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 153-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Francesco Tortorici ◽

Elijah J. Talamas ◽

Silvia T. Moraglio ◽

Marco G. Pansa ◽

Maryam Asadi-Farfar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Egg Parasitoids ◽

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Ecological Studies ◽

Key To Species ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

The Subject

Accurate identification of parasitoids is crucial for biological control of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomrpha halys (Stål). A recent work by Talamas et al. (2017) revised the Palearctic fauna of Trissolcus Ashmead, egg-parasitoids of stink bugs, and treated numerous species as junior synonyms of T. semistriatus (Nees von Esenbeck). In the present paper, we provide a detailed taxonomic history and treatment of T. semistriatus and the species treated as its synonyms by Talamas et al. (2017) based on examination of primary types, molecular analyses and mating experiments. Trissolcus semistriatus, T. belenus (Walker), T. colemani (Crawford), and T. manteroi (Kieffer) are here recognized as valid and a key to species is provided. The identification tools provided here will facilitate the use of Trissolcus wasps as biological control agents and as the subject of ecological studies.

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Stink Bugs Nymph and Adult Biology and Adult Preference on Cultivated Crop Plants in the Southern Brazilian Neotropics

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvz142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 132-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Taynara Possebom ◽

Tiago Lucini ◽

Antônio Ricardo Panizzi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Reproductive Structures ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Adult Preference

Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted with Dichelops furcatus (F.), Euschistus heros (F.), and Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) aiming to evaluate nymph and adult biology and adult preference for immature reproductive structures of the cultivated plants, soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae), wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae), and canola, Brassica napus L. var. oleifera (Brassicaceae). Considering the survivorship for D. furcatus nymphs, it was greater on soybean and wheat, for E. heros nymphs it was greater on soybean compared to canola and wheat, and for N. viridula nymphs the survivorship was greater on soybean and canola. Dichelops furcatus nymphs developed faster on soybean and wheat, and E. heros and N. viridula nymphs developed faster on soybean and canola. Body weight at adult emergency for D. furcatus was greater on soybean and wheat, and for E. heros and N. viridula, it was greater on soybean. Adult survivorship and longevity were similar on soybean/wheat/canola for D. furcatus and N. viridula, and greater on soybean for E. heros. Reproduction and weight gain of adults were greater on soybean and wheat for D. furcatus, and on soybean for E. heros; N. viridula reproduced only on soybean and tended to gain greater body weight in this food source. As expected, soybean considering its superior nutritional quality was, in general, the best food. These laboratory studies coupled with field observations allow to conclude that the sequence of soybean/wheat/canola crops in the area studied forms a ‘green bridge’ that favor stink bug populations abundance in southern Brazilian neotropics.

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Photoperiod-Specific Within-Plant Distribution of the Green Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Cotton

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvz102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 1234-1240

Author(s):

James P Glover ◽

Gregory A Sword ◽

Michael J Brewer

Keyword(s):

Distribution Patterns ◽

Lower Surface ◽

Plant Distribution ◽

Cotton Field ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Bug Detection ◽

Insect Distribution ◽

Green Stink Bug ◽

Floral Bracts

Abstract Sampling methods for detecting stink bugs are intensive, time-consuming, and yield variable results. In a 2-yr mark-release-observe experiment, over 500 adult green stink bugs, Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), were used to test for variation in nocturnal and diurnal insect distribution patterns on cotton. Field-collected stink bugs were marked or unmarked with nontoxic fluorescent sharpie markers, released, and monitored in cotton fields at peak bloom. Stink bugs were monitored visually during day and night, aided by a handheld blacklight for nighttime observations. Within-cotton distribution insect observations were categorized by plant section (i.e., bottom, middle, and top branches), by fruiting positions and leaf surface, and by concealed or exposed orientation on floral bracts and leaf surfaces. Green stink bugs were primarily distributed on the middle and top branches irrespective of photoperiod, and on bolls in first position from the main stem. Differences in stink bugs observed concealed or exposed on fruiting structures were detected. During daytime, stink bugs were primarily observed inside the bract of bolls, and when detected on leaves concealed on the lower surface. In contrast, stink bugs were primarily outside the bract of bolls at night, and when detected on leaves were exposed on an upper surface. These results support focus on assessing internal boll injury for evaluating stink bug injury to avoid the challenges in stink bug detection observed here, and point to additional study to refine stink bug density estimation when needed.

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Community Composition, Abundance, and Phenology of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United States

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz099 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 (4) ◽

pp. 1722-1731 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniela T Pezzini ◽

Christina D DiFonzo ◽

Deborah L Finke ◽

Thomas E Hunt ◽

Janet J Knodel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Central Region ◽

The United States ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Stink Bug ◽

North Central Region ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

North Central ◽

The North

Abstract Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are an increasing threat to soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) production in the North Central Region of the United States, which accounts for 80% of the country’s total soybean production. Characterization of the stink bug community is essential for development of management programs for these pests. However, the composition of the stink bug community in the region is not well defined. This study aimed to address this gap with a 2-yr, 9-state survey. Specifically, we characterized the relative abundance, richness, and diversity of taxa in this community, and assessed phenological differences in abundance of herbivorous and predatory stink bugs. Overall, the stink bug community was dominated by Euschistus spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Euschistus variolarius (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), C. hilaris and Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were more abundant in the northwestern, southeastern and eastern parts, respectively, of the North Central Region of the United States. Economically significant infestations of herbivorous species occurred in fields in southern parts of the region. Species richness differed across states, while diversity was the same across the region. Herbivorous and predatory species were more abundant during later soybean growth stages. Our results represent the first regional characterization of the stink bug community in soybean fields and will be fundamental for the development of state- and region-specific management programs for these pests in the North Central Region of the United States.

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Susceptibility of Rice to Oebalus pugnax (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Feeding at Different Levels of Grain Maturity and Impacts on Insecticide Termination

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz250 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

A J Cato ◽

G M Lorenz ◽

N R Bateman ◽

J T Hardke ◽

J L Black ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Large Cage ◽

Oebalus Pugnax ◽

Different Levels ◽

Rice Panicles ◽

Or Applications ◽

Rice Stink Bug

Abstract The stages of rice, Oryza sativa L. (Poales: Poaceae), grain maturity that are most susceptible to rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), damage have been identified; however, the stage at which they are no longer capable of causing appreciable damage during grain maturity is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of rice to rice stink bug feeding at different levels of grain maturity and determine an insecticide termination timing. Rice stink bug damage was examined using five levels of grain maturity described as percent of kernels reaching mature straw coloration referred to as hard dough (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) across a range of infestation levels using single panicle sleeve cages and large cages. Hybrid and conventional cultivar rice panicles at 20, 40, and 60% hard dough were found to be susceptible to indirect yield loss, as two rice stink bugs per panicle resulted in over 7% peck. In large cage trials, 25 rice stink bugs caused 0.7–1% peck to hybrid and conventional rice plots at 20% hard dough. Much less damage was observed once rice reached 60% hard dough, where peck averages only reached 0.4%. Decreased damage at 60% hard dough was validated using uncaged trials where 0.4% additional peck was observed in unsprayed plots. These data indicate that rice in the early stages of hard dough is susceptible to large levels of indirect yield loss, but unless significant densities of rice stink bug are present at 60% hard dough, no more sampling or applications are necessary.

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An Improved Trap for Monitoring Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Apple and Peach Orchards

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-41.1.9 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 9-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Henry W. Hogmire ◽

Tracy C. Leskey

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Acrosternum Hilare ◽

Euschistus Servus ◽

Capture Mechanism ◽

Green Stink Bug ◽

Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽

Improved Design ◽

Decision Making Tool

Capture of stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in apple orchards with yellow pyramid traps baited with Euschistus spp. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) aggregation pheromone, methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate, was 4 fold greater when traps were topped with a 3.8-L jar with a 1.6 cm diameter opening and trimmed wire edging than with a 1.9-L jar with a 5 cm diameter opening with no wire edging. Stink bug capture in the 3.8-L jar top was unaffected by the presence or size of an insecticide ear tag, indicating that this improved design led to increased captures by reducing escape. Sixty-four percent fewer stink bugs escaped from 3.8-L jar tops with the improved capture mechanism than from the 1.9-L jar tops. Green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), was more susceptible to the presence of the insecticide ear tag than the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), with dusky stink bug, E. tristigmus (Say), exhibiting high mortality in traps with and without ear tags. Among baited and unbaited pyramid traps with different visual stimuli, fewer captures were recorded in black pyramid traps than in clear, yellow, green or white pyramid traps. Similar numbers of brown stink bugs were captured in yellow pyramid traps deployed on the ground between trees or on horizontal branches within trees in the orchard border row. Captures of dusky and green stink bugs were greater in the tree pyramid, especially from August to mid-October. Relationships between stink bug capture and injury will need to be determined before this trap can be incorporated as a decision-making tool in pest management programs.

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Effect of Trap Color and Residual Attraction of a Pheromone Lure for Monitoring Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-55.4.437 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 437-447

Author(s):

Ted E. Cottrell ◽

Rammohan R. Balusu ◽

Edgar Vinson ◽

Bryan Wilkins ◽

Henry Y. Fadamiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Halyomorpha Halys ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Euschistus Servus ◽

Trap Color ◽

Residual Efficacy ◽

Conducting Research ◽

Multiple Species ◽

Research Studies

Abstract Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are commonly monitored using pyramid traps baited with a pheromone. Initially, the pyramid traps were painted yellow and predominantly used to monitor native stink bug species. However, research studies involving the exotic Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) now use pyramid traps that are black, not yellow. As H. halys moves across the southeastern United States, the use of a single trap, yellow or black, for monitoring and conducting research studies would be beneficial. Our objective was to compare black and yellow pyramid traps baited with a lure to determine if one was superior for trapping herbivorous stink bugs. This study was conducted at four locations, three in Alabama and one in Georgia, over 2 yr. Additionally, residual efficacy of the lure was measured via trap capture over 1-mo intervals. Our results showed that only when native stink bug species were combined, and only in 1 yr, were captures significantly affected by trap color. Capture of the exotic H. halys and the most abundant native species, Euschistus servus (Say), was not significantly affected by trap color. Trap capture was significantly affected by how long a lure was in a trap. The data from this study suggests that when traps are used in conjunction with a pheromone to monitor multiple species of adult stink bugs, especially native species, the yellow pyramid trap is favored.

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