scholarly journals Cost-Based Goal Recognition in Navigational Domains

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 197-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peta Masters ◽  
Sebastian Sardina
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Identical Result ◽  
Task Planning ◽  
Maximum Probability ◽  
Current State ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Goal Recognition ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Start Location

Goal recognition is the problem of determining an agent's intent by observing her behaviour. Contemporary solutions for general task-planning relate the probability of a goal to the cost of reaching it. We adapt this approach to goal recognition in the strict context of path-planning. We show (1) that a simpler formula provides an identical result to current state-of-the-art in less than half the time under all but one set of conditions. Further, we prove (2) that the probability distribution based on this technique is independent of an agent's past behaviour and present a revised formula that achieves goal recognition by reference to the agent's starting point and current location only. Building on this, we demonstrate (3) that a Radius of Maximum Probability (i.e., the distance from a goal within which that goal is guaranteed to be the most probable) can be calculated from relative cost-distances between the candidate goals and a start location, without needing to calculate any actual probabilities. In this extended version of earlier work, we generalise our framework to the continuous domain and discuss our results, including the conditions under which our findings can be generalised back to goal recognition in general task-planning.

Computing Robust Principal Components by A* Search

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1860013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swair Shah ◽  
Baokun He ◽  
Crystal Maung ◽  
Haim Schweitzer
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
A Algorithm ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dimensionality Reduction Technique ◽  
Related Variant ◽  
Low Rank Representation ◽  
The Cost

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a classical dimensionality reduction technique that computes a low rank representation of the data. Recent studies have shown how to compute this low rank representation from most of the data, excluding a small amount of outlier data. We show how to convert this problem into graph search, and describe an algorithm that solves this problem optimally by applying a variant of the A* algorithm to search for the outliers. The results obtained by our algorithm are optimal in terms of accuracy, and are shown to be more accurate than results obtained by the current state-of-the- art algorithms which are shown not to be optimal. This comes at the cost of running time, which is typically slower than the current state of the art. We also describe a related variant of the A* algorithm that runs much faster than the optimal variant and produces a solution that is guaranteed to be near the optimal. This variant is shown experimentally to be more accurate than the current state-of-the-art and has a comparable running time.

scholarly journals Fungi-Based Microbial Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sekrecka-Belniak ◽  
Renata Toczyłowska-Mamińska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Cathode Catalysts ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Current Production

Fungi are among the microorganisms able to generate electricity as a result of their metabolic processes. Throughout the last several years, a large number of papers on various microorganisms for current production in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been published; however, fungi still lack sufficient evaluation in this regard. In this review, we focus on fungi, paying special attention to their potential applicability to MFCs. Fungi used as anodic or cathodic catalysts, in different reactor configurations, with or without the addition of an exogenous mediator, are described. Contrary to bacteria, in which the mechanism of electron transfer is pretty well known, the mechanism of electron transfer in fungi-based MFCs has not been studied intensively. Thus, here we describe the main findings, which can be used as the starting point for future investigations. We show that fungi have the potential to act as electrogens or cathode catalysts, but MFCs based on bacteria–fungus interactions are especially interesting. The review presents the current state-of-the-art in the field of MFC systems exploiting fungi.

scholarly journals Carbapenems: A Short Review about their Current Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Warda Zahra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Cost

In this review, we summarize the current “state of the art” of carbapenem antibiotics and their role in our antimicrobial armamentarium. Among the beta-lactams currently available, carbapenems are unique because they are relatively resistant to hydrolysis by most beta-lactamases. Herein, we described the cost effectiveness, safety, and advantages of carbapenems as compared to other antibiotics. We also highlight important features of the carbapenems that are presently in clinical use: imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem, panipenem-betamipron, and biapenem. In closing, we emphasize some major challenges related to oral formulatuion of carbapenems and different strategies to overcome these challenges.

scholarly journals Ulixes: Facial Recognition Privacy with Adversarial Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-165
Author(s):  
Thomas Cilloni ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Charles Walter ◽  
Charles Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current State ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Adversarial Examples ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Photo Management

Abstract Facial recognition tools are becoming exceptionally accurate in identifying people from images. However, this comes at the cost of privacy for users of online services with photo management (e.g. social media platforms). Particularly troubling is the ability to leverage unsupervised learning to recognize faces even when the user has not labeled their images. In this paper we propose Ulixes, a strategy to generate visually non-invasive facial noise masks that yield adversarial examples, preventing the formation of identifiable user clusters in the embedding space of facial encoders. This is applicable even when a user is unmasked and labeled images are available online. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Ulixes by showing that various classification and clustering methods cannot reliably label the adversarial examples we generate. We also study the effects of Ulixes in various black-box settings and compare it to the current state of the art in adversarial machine learning. Finally, we challenge the effectiveness of Ulixes against adversarially trained models and show that it is robust to countermeasures.

scholarly journals Rapid discovery of novel prophages using biological feature engineering and machine learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Sirén ◽  
Andrew Millard ◽  
Bent Petersen ◽  
M Thomas P Gilbert ◽  
Martha RJ Clokie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Machine Learning Method ◽  
Biological Feature ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Feature Based

ABSTRACTProphages are phages that are integrated into bacterial genomes and which are key to understanding many aspects of bacterial biology. Their extreme diversity means they are challenging to detect using sequence similarity, yet this remains the paradigm and thus many phages remain unidentified. We present a novel, fast and generalizing machine learning method based on feature space to facilitate novel prophage discovery. To validate the approach, we reanalyzed publicly available marine viromes and single-cell genomes using our feature-based approaches and found consistently more phages than were detected using current state-of-the-art tools while being notably faster. This demonstrates that our approach significantly enhances bacteriophage discovery and thus provides a new starting point for exploring new biologies.

Cost-Based Goal Recognition for the Path-Planning Domain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peta Masters ◽  
Sebastian Sardina
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Plan Recognition ◽  
Identical Result ◽  
Goal Recognition ◽  
Start Location

"Plan recognition as planning" uses an off-the-shelf planner to perform goal recognition. In this paper, we apply the technique to path-planning. We show that a simpler formula provides an identical result in all but one set of conditions and, further, that identical ranking of goals by probability can be achieved without using any observations other than the agent's start location and where she is "now".

scholarly journals Advances in Finger and Partial Hand Prosthetic Mechanisms

Robotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Erasmo Difonzo ◽  
Giovanni Zappatore ◽  
Giacomo Mantriota ◽  
Giulio Reina
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Functional Design ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Single Finger ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Robust Systems

Approximately 70% of the upper extremity amputations refers to partial hand loss with the involvement of one or more fingers. Historically, this type of limb amputation has been addressed adopting simple opposition designs that use the movement of the residual digit for grasping against a fixed device. Nevertheless, in the last few years, technological advances, and the introduction of modern computer-aided tools for the synthesis and functional design of mechanisms have led to the development of smaller, more robust systems that are constantly improving body-powered and electrically-powered prototypes. This paper surveys cutting-edge solutions proposed in research or available on the market for single finger or partial hand prostheses. First, the main design requirements are outlined. Then, a wide number of prototypes are detailed underlying advantages and drawbacks. The overall goal is to create a solid starting point for the study and development of the next generation of prostheses that can be developed to advance the current state-of-the-art.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Nanoporous Anodic Alumina: Principles, Engineering, and Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Jakub T. Domagalski ◽  
Elisabet Xifre-Perez ◽  
Lluis F. Marsal
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Anodic Alumina ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Nanoporous Anodic Alumina ◽  
Current State ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Nanofabrication Technique

The development of aluminum anodization technology features many stages. With the story stretching for almost a century, rather straightforward—from current perspective—technology, raised into an iconic nanofabrication technique. The intrinsic properties of alumina porous structures constitute the vast utility in distinct fields. Nanoporous anodic alumina can be a starting point for: Templates, photonic structures, membranes, drug delivery platforms or nanoparticles, and more. Current state of the art would not be possible without decades of consecutive findings, during which, step by step, the technique was more understood. This review aims at providing an update regarding recent discoveries—improvements in the fabrication technology, a deeper understanding of the process, and a practical application of the material—providing a narrative supported with a proper background.

Modern Doppler Navigation Systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-500
Author(s):  
T. Gray ◽  
T. G. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Analog Computer ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Present Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mechanically Stabilized

This paper, which was presented at an Ordinary Meeting of the Institute in London on 21 November 1979, with S. Ratcliffe in the Chair, traces the evolution of airborne doppler navigation systems over the past two decades and discusses the treatment of errors introduced when flying over water. Both authors are with Decca Radar Ltd.The object of this paper is to describe briefly the major developments which have taken place in doppler navigation systems during the past 15 years or so, to indicate the current state of the art and to examine in some detail the behaviour of doppler systems when flying over water. The year 1960 is taken as a starting point since by that time commercial doppler systems were established. A typical general purpose system of that generation (Fig. 1) consisted of the following units:1. An antenna, probably mechanically stabilized.2. A transmitter/receiver using either pulse or FMCW modulation.3. A tracking system.4. An analog computer.5. A display of ground-speed and drift-angle.6. A display of present position.

scholarly journals SoS TextVis: An Extended Survey of Surveys on Text Visualization

Computers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alharbi ◽  
Robert Laramee
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Text Visualization ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Visualization Techniques

Text visualization is a rapidly growing sub-field of information visualization and visual analytics. There are many approaches and techniques introduced every year to address a wide range of challenges and analysis tasks, enabling researchers from different disciplines to obtain leading-edge knowledge from digitized collections of text. This can be challenging particularly when the data is massive. Additionally, the sources of digital text have spread substantially in the last decades in various forms, such as web pages, blogs, twitter, email, electronic publications, and digitized books. In response to the explosion of text visualization research literature, the first text visualization survey article was published in 2010. Furthermore, there are a growing number of surveys that review existing techniques and classify them based on text research methodology. In this work, we aim to present the first Survey of Surveys (SoS) that review all of the surveys and state-of-the-art papers on text visualization techniques and provide an SoS classification. We study and compare the 14 surveys, and categorize them into five groups: (1) Document-centered, (2) user task analysis, (3) cross-disciplinary, (4) multi-faceted, and (5) satellite-themed. We provide survey recommendations for researchers in the field of text visualization. The result is a very unique, valuable starting point and overview of the current state-of-the-art in text visualization research literature.

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